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r.l10NTPEIJE(C ] 



FROM AlONTPELIERTO MANIU 

CONTAINING REPRODUCTIONS IN FAOSiniLE 
OrHlTMERTO UNPUBLISHED LETTEPS OF GEORGE 
DEWEY DURING THE ADAll RAL'S NAVAL CA 
REERANb EXTPACTS FROM HIS LOG-BOOK 

BY 

ADELBERT M.DEWEY 

ASSISTED BYHEMBERS OFTHE IMMEDIATE FAMILY OF 
ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY AT liONTPELIER VERMONT 

EnBELLISHEDWITH OVER 
TWO HUNDRED AN DHfTY ILLUSTRATIONS 

AUTHORIZED EDITION 




[ ^nANILAl ] 



i 




THE 



/ NEw^foRK'^ wooLFALL tSSaaxJ 







40833 



Copyright, iSoq, 



.^^i>i^f^^r,iuuw^.^ 



A// rij'hls and translation reserved 



Lunduri, Eng. 




The illustrations in this work, from orig- 
inal drawings and photographs, are protected 
by copyright, and their reproduction in any 
form is ludavvful ; and notice is hereby given 
that anyone guilty of infringing the copyright 
thereof will be dealt with as the law directs. 







fZ 






c^ication.. 



To the American people, to 
whom George Dewey, of Ver- 
mont, is a most illustrious 
example, and to the many 
thousands of noble men and 
women in this haven for the 
oppressed of all the worli-i, in 
whose veins courses the blood 
of Thomas Dewey, the Set- 
tler, this book is most respect- 
fully dedicated by the author. 



0'«.^■^..^^ 



^j 



(/77 



fO 




CONTENTS 



Introduction 



PAGE 

15 



CHAPTER I 

MONTPELIER 

The Capital of the Green Mountain State and the 

Birthplace of Admiral George Dewey . . .21 



CHAPTER II 
BIRTH AXB VHILJ>llO()l> 

Home of Dr. Julius Yemans Dewey— Ante-Natal Tn- 
fliieiiees — "The Poor Little Child of a Tar" 



;j'J 



CHAPTER III 
A HAP FY BOYHOOD 

Leader in All Games of Sport or Mischief — His First 
Cruise — School Days at Montpelier The Pan^'- 
born Incident 



6 CONTENTS 

PAGE 

CHAPTER IV 
NOR 1 1 '/( •// UXI I ^ERSI T Y 

Preparatory School of the Admiral — A "Nursery of 
Heroes" — Sketch of Its Founder and of George 
Dewey's Preceptor 79 

CHAPTER V 
THE NA VAL ACADEMY 

Dewey at Annapolis — Cadet Life and Discipline — A 

Critical Period in the Nation's History . . 101 

CHAPTER YI 
7iY TI/E MEDITEBItANEAN 

Dewey's Initial Cruise — Training and Discipline Aboard 
the "Wabash" — First Meeting with a Spanish Ves- 
sel — Dewey Showed His Colors . . . .125 

CHAPTER VII 
DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 

The "Mississippi" at Port Hudson — Marriage to Susie 
(loodwin — Career in Time of Peace — Prepara- 
tions for the Battle of Manila .... 171 

CHAPTER VIII 
77/ E n.i TTI. E (> E .U. I .VII . f /!.IY 

Crushing Defeat of the Spanish Navy in Philippine 

Waters-"01d Clory" Planted on Spanish Soil . 214 



CONTENTS 7 

PAGE 

CHAPTER IX 
THE ADMIRAL- S OWN STORY 
Description of the Battle as Written by (leorge Dewey 
Himself — Battle Was Hard Fought — Lessons from 
the Victory — The Engagement as Viewed by 
United States Consul Williams at Manila . . 246 

CHAPTER X 
MOXTO.TO'S VERSION OF THE BATTLE 
The Story of the Battle of Manila as Told by the 
Defeated Spanish Admiral — An Account from a 
Spanish Newspaper 273 

CHAPTER XI 
THE FLEETS COMPARED 

An Official Statement of the Guns and Men — A Brief 
Sketch of Each of the Commanders of the Ves- 
sels in Admii'al Dewey's Fleet .... 21)'.) 

CHAPTER XII 
OF Fir I A L S T. I TEMEXTS 

The Part Played by Each of the Vessels in the Amer- 
ican Squadron as Told by the Conmianding and 
Executive Officers of Admiral Dewey's Fleet . 320 

CHAPTER XIII 
HONORED BY STATE AND NATION 

Resolutions of Congress — Appointed Rear- Admiral by 
the President — Presented with Historic Flags — 
Degrees and Medals — Admiral of the Navy — 
Commended by His Associates .... 375 



8 CONTENTS 

CHAPTER XIV 

LETTERS FllOM J>EWEY 

Some Hitherti) Unpublished Letters — The Admiral's 

Career in a Nutshell — A ijoving Sister's Tribute . 410 

CHAPTER XV 
DEWEY'S BOYAL AXCESTRY 

The Lyman, Lambert. Osborne, and Dewey Coats of 
Arms — Brief Mention of Other Deweys Prominent 
in American Affairs 441 

CHAPTER XVI 
THE RATTLE IJST VERSE AXD SOXG 

Some Selected Poems on George Dewey and the Vic- 
tory of Manila Bay — Contributions by Lieut.-Com- 
mander Rees, Mr. George Coronway, and Others . 474 

CHAPTER XVII 
ANECDOTES OF THE ADMIRAL 

Claimed by Seven Nations — He Obeyed Orders — 
"Smarter than Chain Lightning" — Falsehood the 
Unpardonable Sin 486 

CHAPTER XVIII 
THE I'HrLIl'PIXE ISLANDS 

Our New I'ossessions in the Far East — Their Hi-story, 
(Jeography. Cliniate. Waters, Productions. Tnhal)- 
itants. and Po.ssibilities under Aini'iicaii Iiule . 501 

General Index 531) 



W^r,^^ 










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JW-^r rJ hav 5~of5^ 



LLUSTRATIONS 



Admiral George Dewey, 

Montpelier and Manila, 18:57-1898, 

Seal of the State of Vermont, 

Main Street, Montpelier (Residence Portion), 

Main Street, Montpelier (Business Section), 

Bust of Admiral Dewe}', 

Montpelier, Vermont, . 

Kellogg-Hubbard Library, Montpelier 

State House, Montpelier, 

National Life Building, Montjiclier, 

Heaton Hospital, Montpelier, 

Federal Building, Montpelier, 

Court House, Montpelier, Vermont, 

Christ Church, Montpelier, 

State Street, Montpelier, Vt., 

Captain Simeon Dewey, 

Captain Elijah Dewey, 

Birthplace of Admiral Dewey, Montpelier, 

Julius Yemans Dewey . 

Ethan Allen, Statue of, Montpelier, 

"The Little Hero," 

George Dewey's School Days, 

Dewey's Accident in the River, 

George Dewey's First Cruise, 

Ford of Winooski River, Miintjielier, 

Swimming Pool, Montpelier, . 

School House attended by George Dewey 

Battle of Snowballs, 

Dewey's First Punishment, 

Peace and War, 

West Point and Hudson River, 

Old Navy Building, Washington, 



ir. H. Drake (Frontispiece) 



II'. 

ir. 



//. Drake 
IT. Drake 
II. Drake 



ir. 11. Drake 

I'lirirait 
I'lirtraif 

Porfrait 

. Treiwhridtje 
ir. //. Drake 
W. IT. Drake 

. Troirbriih/e 



. Troiehridjie 
. TrowhrUhje 
\Y. 11. Drake 
II'. //. Drake 
W. II. Drake 
(9) 



15 
21 
21 
23 
24 
2."'> 
27 
29 
31 
32 
33 
37 
.39 
41 
45 
48 
."lO 
51 
55 
57 
61 
61 
62 
64 

m 

69 
7.3 

76 
78 
79 
79 



10 



ILLISTKATIONS 



Old Xiirwioh University Buildings, . 

Captain Alden Partridge, 

Edward liinirns, .... 

General Alonzo Jackman, 

Cadet Officer's Room, Norwich University, 

Dewey Hall, Norwich University, 

Dewey Hall (Interior). 

Seal of the United States Navy Department, 

The State House, Annapolis, . 

Tablet in Commemoration of October 10, 1845, 

Main Entrance to the Naval Academy, 

Sick Quarters at the Naval Academy, 

Library Buildings, Naval Academy. 

Class Formation at the Naval Academy, 

Superintendent's Residence, Naval Academy. 

Seamanship Room. Naval Academy, 

Distributing Contents of '• Lucky Bag," Naval Ac 

Lover's Lane, Naval Academy, 

Cutter Practice, Annapolis. 

Artillery Drill. Naval Academy, 

Cadet Drill. Naval Academy, 

Naval Cadets Repelling Boarders, 

Duty and Honor, .... 

The "Wabash" in the Mediterranean, 

The Old Harbor, Marseilles, . 

The Harbor, Genoa, .... 

Landing at Gibraltar, .... 

Rock of Gibraltar, .... 

Caravan Bridge over the Melos, Smyrna, . 

Approach to Jaffa, Syria, 

Alexandria, The Western Harbor, 

Villa Doria and Gardens, Genoa. 

Torre Dell' .Vnnunziata. Naples, 

Valetta. Malta — Quarantine Harbor, 

Arco Di Riccardo. Trieste, 

A Street in Amalfi, near Naples, 

Civita Vecchia, Port of Rome, 

Porto Ferrajo (View from Napoleon's House), 

Bay of Si)ezia. Italy. .... 

Admiral Farragut. .... 

The "Mississippi" at \<i\ West, 

Destruction of the "Mi.ssissii)i>i," 

George Dewey at the Age of Twenty-four, 

George Dewey Leaving the Burning " Mississippi," 

George Dewey Saving a Comrade's Life, . 



ARTIST 


PAGE 


• • . • 


81 


Pftrtraif 


84 


P'n-fratf 


86 


J*(n-trnif 


88 


. 


91 


. 


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98 


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101 


W. H. Dnik, 


101 


. 


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■ 


103 


. 


106 


. 


107 


. 


109 




111 


. 


112 


ademy, 


113 


. 


116 


. 


118 


. 


119 


. 


1-21 




123 


ir. H. Drake 


124 


W. H. Drake 


125 


Jithii FiiUei/love 


129 


John Fiillri/Infp 


133 


Jiihii O'Cdiiiior 


VX) 




1.36 


. John .^fdcir/ihicr 


137 


. Ilcirr/i A. Harper 


140 


. 11. J. Boot 


141 


John FnUet/lore 


145 


Al/rol Flint 


149 


r. 11'. ]\;i//i!r 


151 


John Fiillrj/lore 


153 


Al/rrd Fant 


155 


John FiiUeylove 


157 


John Ftillei/lovc 


161 


John Fnltrt/lore 


165 


ir. //. /)rakc 


171 


ir. //. />rakr 


171 


W. II. Drake 


171 


Portrait 


172 


i," . Troii'/)ri(i(/e 


173 


. Troirttridfir 


177 



ILLU.STRATIONS 



U 



Bay of Beyrout, Syria, 

Commander Dewey, 

George Dewey in 1867, 

Lieutenant Dewey, 

George Dewey and Susie Goodwin Dewey at th 

of Their Marriage, . 
Mosque of Omar — Jerusalem. 
George Dewey at the Age of Forty-six, 
Temple of Diana at Ephesus, 
Athens from the East, 
Harbor of Nagasaki, Japan, . 
A Buddhist Priest, 
Landing Place at Malta, 
Constantinople and the Bosiihorus, Turkey 
Imperial Palace, Constantinople, Turkey, 
Bird's-eye View of Cairo, Egypt, 
Tomb-Mosque of Caid Bey, Cairo, Egypt, 
Street Scene in Cairo, Egypt, 
Boats Sailing on the Nile, 
Yokohama and HarVior, Jajian, 
Hong-Kong and Harbor. China, 
E Pluribus Unum, 
The Arms of Germany, 
Vice-Admiral Von Diederichs, 
Commodore George Dewe}', 
The Battle of Manila Bay. . 
The Flagship "Olympia" Leading the Fleet into 
George Dewey on the Bridge of the "Olympia" During 

the Battle, .... 
The "Olympia's" Crew Cheering the Commodore 
The Men Behind the Guns, . 
Hotchkiss Rapid-Fire Gun, 
Flag of Cavite, Captured by the .\mericans. 
The President's Fighting Flag, 
Map of Manila Bay, .... 
Punch Cup Presented to the "Raleigh." . 
Destruction of the Spanish Fleet at Manila, 
Wreck of the "(!astilla," 
"Olympia." U. S. N., ... 

"Baltimore," U. S. N., 

"Raleigh," U. S. N 

" Petrel," U. S. N 

"Boston." U. S. X. . 

"Concord." U. S. N. 

The Arms of Spain, .... 



AHTIST 

Hi II r /I A. Harpir 
Povtntif 
Port rait 
Portrait 

Time 



Portriiit 



W. IT. Drake 

W. H. Drake 

TI'. H. Drake 

Portrait 

]V(irn II Slirppitril 

L'tion. Triiirliriiljii- 



Troicl/ridf/f 
Trowbrid(/e 



If. 
If. 



W. II. 
W. II. 
}V. II. 



Draki 
Drake 

Drake 
Drake 
Drake 



ir. If. hrak, 



PACE 
181 

i8;i 
las 
ia3 

185 
187 
189 
191 
191 
192 
194 
19() 
197 
199 
•201 
202 
20:! 
201 
20.") 
210 
21:? 
214 
214 
215 
217 
221 

22;? 

228 

2.^3 

2:^5 
2:59 
241 
24:5 
245 
24G 

241 ; 

249 
2!'):{ 
2.59 
2(5:5 
207 
271 
27:5 



12 



ILLUSTKATIONS 



Manila Fortifications — Isabella Gate, 

Admiral Patricio N. Montojo Pasaron, 

"Isla de Cuba" (Amidships), 

D. Ramon De Aunon, 

Duque De Almondovar, 

"Isla de Cuba" (After Deck), 

'■ Isla de Cuba " (At HIkIi Tide) 

Senor Praxedes Mateo Sagasta, 

"Don Juan de Austria," 

"Reina Christina," 

"Isla de Luzon" (Forward Deck), . 

"Castilla," .... 

" Don Juan de Ulloa," 

The (Ireat Seal of the United States, 

Admiral Dewey's Fleet in Mirs Bay, 

Revenue Cutter "Hugh MeCulloch," 

Fighting Top of a War-ship, 

"Oregon," U S. X.. . 

Searchlight of a War-ship, 

Thirteen-Inch Shells, . 

Signaling on Board a War-ship, 

Captain Benj. P. Lamberton, 

Cajitain Charles V. Gridley, 

Kobe and Harbor, Jajian, 

Commander X. Mayo Dyer, 

Captain Joseph B. Coghlan, 

Captain Frank Wildes, 

Commander Asa Walker, 

Commander Edward P. Wood, 

American and Spanish Fleets Ready for Action, 

The War Room at Washington 

The C^apitol. Wa.shington. 

William R. Day. LL.D. (Ex-Secretary of State), 

Signing of the Peace Protocol, 

Stewart L. Woodford, . 

The White House, Washington, 

The Board of Naval Strategy. 

United States Peace Commissioners 

Unseen Heroes on a War-ship, 

The "Callao." Captured Si)anish War-ship 

"Tlie Star-Spangled Banner," 1777-1899 

William McKinley, 

John D. Long, .... 

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, . 

Senator Matthew Stanley Quay, 







ARTIST 


PAGE 


w. 


H. Drake 


273 




P(,rlrait 


274 








275 






Porfrail 


277 






Portrait 


277 
278 
279 






Portrait 


281 
282 
283 
286 
289 
293 


w. 


H. Drake 


299 


w. 


H. Drake 


299 


w. 


H. Drake 


299 
.301 
3a3 
305 
307 
,309 


, 


Portrait 


313 




Portrait 


314 
.315 




I'artrait 


316 




Portrait 


316 




Portrait 


317 


. 


Portrait 


318 




Portrait 


319 


ir. 


IT. Drake 


320 


17. 


■tor Perarrl 


323 
327 




Portrait 


.3.33 


/. Ste 


ep/e Da via 


.339 




Portrait 


349 
353 


J. Stepplr Darh 


357 






.363 


Vh 


■tor Prrard 


.371 


W. 


II. Drake 


.375 


\v. 


II. Drake 


375 




Portrait 


377 




Portrait 


.381 




Portrait 


.384 




, 


Port r<iit 


384 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



13 



The "Sword of Honor" in its Scablxird 

The "Sword of Honor" in its Case, 

Fac-simile of Commission Issued to Admiral Dewey by 

President MeKinley, 
The Golden Fleece Hall, Montpelier, Vermont, 
Mrs. U. S. Grant, 
Mrs. John A. Logan, . 
Mrs. Captain Charles D. Sigsbee, 
Mrs. Fitzhugh Lee, 
The Dewey Medal, 
The Dewey Medal (Reverse Side), 
Dr. Albert Shaw, 
Rear-Admiral Bunce, . 
Rear-Admiral Walker, . 
Rear-Admiral Sehley, . 
"Reina Christina" (Flagship) 
The Spanish Standard, 
The Wreck of the "Reina Christina 
Monument to the First Dewey Born in America. 
Rev. Dr. Orville Dewey, 
Rev. Dr. Chester Dewey, 
The Dewey Family Group, 
George Dewey, . 
Hon. Charles Dewey, . 
Mrs. Mary P. Greeley, 
Captain Edward Dewey, 
William T. Dewey, 
George Goodwin Dewey, 
Lieutenant Theodore Gibbs Dewey, 
Captain Samuel W. Dewey, . 
Hon. Dr. John Dewey, 
Prof. Melvil Dewey, 
Hiram Todd Dewey, 
A. M. Dewey, . 
Rev. Sanger Dewey, 
Judge Francis H. Dewey, 
Albert G. Dewey, 
Governor Nelson Dewey, 
James B. Dewey, 
Addice E. Dewey. 
Rev. Willis C. Dewey, 
Courtland A. Dewey, . 

Admiral Dewey's Fleet Passing Corrcgidor, 
Dungeon at Cavite — Where Admiral Dewey 
Imprisoned, . . . . • 



Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 



Portrait 

Portrait 

Portrait 

Portrait 

H. Drakr 

H. Drake 

H. Iira/.r 

Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Port /■a if 
Port r< I it 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait , 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 
Portrait 
I'nrtrait 
11 l>rak> 



to be 



II'. IP Dra/cr 



38.J 
387 

390 
.393 
.395 
.390 
398 
399 
401 
101 
iO-2 
40.3 
406 
407 
441 
441 
441 
4.'31 
4.-J3 
455 
457 
457 
4.57 
4.57 
4.57 
4.57 
457 
4.57 
459 
4(34 
4(;4 
405 
40(5 
400 
407 
408 
4(59 
470 
471 
47:2 
472 
474 

480 



u 



LLUSTRATIONS 



S. A., . 

S. A.. . 

Republic, at 



M; 



The Flags of Seven Nations, .... 

New Ti-aining Vessel for the U. S. Naval Academy, 

Weapons of War of the Filipinos, 

Corregidor Island, Manila Bay, 

Map of the Philippine Islands, 

Lighthouse, Manila Harbor, . 

Iron Suspension Bridge, Manila, 

Major-(ieneral Wesley Merritt. U 

Emilio Aguinaldo Famy, 

Major-General Elwell S. Otis, U. 

Proclamation of the Filipino 

September. 1898, .... 
The Old Cathedral. Cavity, . 
Mode of Traveling in the Philippines, 
In the Spanish Trenches at ^lanila, 
Major-General Henry W. Lawton, U. S. A.. 
"Old Glory" Flying above Fort Malate, Manila, 
Governor-General Augustin, . 
The Caseos on ^Manila Bay, . 
Scenes in the Philippine Islands (No. ll. . 
Rear-Admiral John C. Watson. U. S. N., . 
Spanish Historical Personages (No. 1), 
Christina, Queen Regent of Spain, . 
Alphonso XIII., King of Spain, 
Spanish Historical Personages (No. 2), 
House Used as Blockhouse, Near IManila. . 
The Effect of an American Three-Inch Shell. 
A Street in the Outskirts of Malolos. 
Native Huts Near Polo, North of :\lanila. . 
Filipino Huts, ..... 
Barricade on the Road from ^lanila to Polo, 
Scenes in the Philippine Islands (No. 2), . 
Peace and Prosperity, .... 



ir. 
ir. 



ir. 
ir. 



alolos. 



ir. 
ir. 



w. 
w. 

w. 



ARTIST 

//. Drakr 
II. Drakf 
If. Iiruke 



II. Drake 

II. Drake 

Portrait 

Portrait 

Portrait 



H. Drake 
H. Drake 

Portrait 

Portrait 

H. Drake 
Portrait 

H. Drake 
Portrait 
Portrait 

H. Drake 



W. 
W. 



Drake 
Drake 



PAGE 

•486 
.JOl 
501 
502 
503 
505 
505 
507 
.510 
511 

513 
514 
5U 
515 
518 
518 
519 
519 
521 
525 
527 
528 
529 
5.30 
531 
531 
5.32 
5.32 
5.34 
5.34 
a^i 
5.38 



COATS-OF-ARMS IN COLORS 



The Lyman Coat-of-Arms, . . . . . 

The Lyman-Lanibert-Osborne Coat-of-.\rms, 

The Quartered Arms of Fourteen Royal Families in the 

Line of George Dewey's Ancestors, 
The Dewev Coat-of-Arms, . . . . . 



411 
445 

449 
455 



■»9aa&^&&&&#:«ie€€€€#€€e««- 




INTRODUCTION 




|t is the luippy lot of (teorge 
Dewey to have merited the uni- 
versal approval of his country- 
men. The award is made witli- 
out a dissentient voice. He 
indeed would be alike coura- 
g-eous and perverse who should 
refuse to join in the harmonious 
acclaim that comes up from 
land and sea. Only Thersites. 
or some of his cynical descend- 
ants, unloved of mankind and unappreciated of liistory, 
would dare to croak a discord in the symphony. 

In the career of most men material abounds for con- 
troversy and wrangling; as it respects the Hero of 
Manila, there is virtual unanimity. The countrymen 
of the Admiral have made up their minds to transfer 
their favorite from the ranks of the unknown and the 
common to the ranks of the immortals in Itronze. The 

(15) 



16 INTRODUCTION 

schoolboys and the youth of the future, in the early 
morning of their lives, must make the acquaintance of 
one more captain of the hosts. 

Whatever may be the elements of Dewey's character 
and the historical circumstances of which he has availed 
himself, there can lie no doubt of the fact of his fame. 
He has passed easily and permanently into the catalogue 
of the great sea-captains who have won for their respec- 
tive nations the dominion of the seas. Henceforth, this 
name will be found written on architrave, tablet, and 
pedestal, with the names of Nelson and Decatur and Far- 
ragut. The marvellous thing in the cai-eer of our Admiral 
is that witliin a single year he has made such an extraor- 
dinary dash of renown. His victories are emblazoned 
with the deeds of the Lord of Trafalgar, the Master of 
the Mediterranean, and the Hero of Mobile Bay. 

George Dewey is one of the great characters of whom 
modern history avails herself in the transformation of 
w^arfare. War now looks from the land to the deep. 
Mars stands no longer above the plain, but over the 
intinite sea. The empire of the world is contested not 
on the shore, but on the ocean. The great states of 
Christendom have come to depend upon their navies for 
l>()th defense and victory ; and tliis dependence has not 
been disapiiointed. Great Britain has risen to her world- 
wide dominion, not by the onset of her armies, but l)y 
the power of her fleets. Nor has the Great Republic 
ever failed of triumph in a, conflict when the American 
navy has been the right arm of her faith. The splcMi- 
dor of Dewey's name streams up from the new era of 



INTRODUCTION 17 

Immanity in which naval warfare (ere all warfare be 
abolished) shall be substituted for the bloodier coiiHicts 
of armies. 

There is a historical suspicion, not ill-founded, that 
men concerning whom the world is agreed are likely to 
lose their fame. It must be confessed that most of the 
great characters who have influenced the course of human 
events have attained their place only by liattle and con- 
quest, and many have subsequently lost their place by 
a reversal of the judgment of mankind. Only in rare in- 
stances does the foremost man of his age hold through 
life and death an equal and undiminished fame. In 
the case of Admiral Dewey there are reasons a /ir/orl 
for Ijclieving that his rank as man and hero will iu)t 
in the twentieth century be less illustrious than it is in 
this. 

The conspicuous leaders in the affairs of nations have 
generally been fiei-cely assailed. Not only the strong 
have been thus subjected to the antagonism of their 
fellow-beings, but the good as well have been attacked 
and tried liy tire. The military captain has had to ))e- 
coine such by shaking from his powerful sides the lesser 
creatures who pursue him, and the statesman has had 
to reach the ascendant liy traversing the marshlands of 
]»olitics and by ))reathing the enmities and bearing the 
slanders of his rivals. Even the artist and the profes- 
sional man. preeminent above the rank and tile of their 
fellows, must gain their stations and secure their fame by 
enduring the petty ordeals of competition and jjy facing 
the frown of thousands left liehind. 

D.— 2 



18 INTRODUCTION 

Lord Byi'on lia;-< Avell expres.sed the general enmity 
wliicli tlie linnian race sadly enough cherishes for its 
leaders and master spirits : 

••He wlio ascends flie niouiitaiii-to]) sliall fiiiil 

Tlie loftiest peaks most clad in ice and snow ; 
He who surpasses or subdues mankind 

.Must look down on the hate of all hidow I "' 

To this sad and almost universal law, it has remained 
for Admiral Dewey to furnish a conspicuous exception. 
Nor does there seem to he any well-founded apprehension 
that the present partial judgment of the American people 
will he hereafter reversed hy some sudden caprice or 
prejudice of the coming age. 

George Dewey has emerged into the broad field of 
world-wide observation and renown under conditif)ns that 
are strikingly peculiar. It does not appear that in life 
or inanuer he is greatly changed from what he was prior 
to the great apparition of ISUS. It does not appear that 
in character he is a purer or nobler man than he was 
on the Ciiliiiudli). in the .Mediterranean, thirty years ago. 
The change in his relative rank has been simply a reve- 
lation ; and when a i-evelation is to be made in human 
histoi-y, there must be something to be revealed ! 

The rise of Dewey to universal fame is not an acci- 
dent ; neither is it the result of favoring contingencies 
which came with the beginning of the Spanish-American 
war, but it is the result of a great cliai-actiM- nnconscionslv 



t^' 



combining with a situation in which his country had 



'c^ 



as if thoughtfully — }ila(('(l liini in the hour of trial 



INTKODUCTION 1«) 

And thi^ is the (>nly legitimate nietlKid of hninan great- 
ness. This is the only greatness which is not envied and 
denied by those who cannot achieve it. 

A remarkable fact may be noted as an invarialile con- 
comitant of this kind of greatness which is not iikhIc but 
simply rerni/cd, and that is the unconsciousness and com- 
parative silence of him to whom it belongs. It is true that 
unconsciousness and silence do not always secure the 
great man from the hostility of the age, but they go far 
to mollify and reduce the antagonism and jealousy of his 
grudging contemporaries. Admiral Dewey has in a re- 
markable degree that golden reserve of silence which is 
more powerful in fixing the fame of its possessor than 
is the orator's ehxiuent period or the poet's rhapsody. 

Silence, fitting speech, and great deeds ! These are the 
sterling attributes of the soul of Dewey. These are the 
(qualities with which in the one brief season of his op- 
portunity he has conquered not only the Spanish foe. 
luit also the admiration of his countrymen. He now 
goes to his trial at the bar of Biography and History. 
There, in the stillness of the great tribunal, where all 
the heroes of the nations, each in his turn, have stood 
to be judged, George Dewey must stand while his cre- 
dentials to immortal fame are examined ! 

The most illustrious lives of men belong to a cUivSs 
of actors who do the deed and arc proclaimed aftci-- 
wards. Then all of a sudden the world lieconies awan^ 
of a new force which has been at woik among, and in 
a measure determining, the character of (>vents. In this 
-^i/'' ';/ Ailiuind iJeircij the task is e.s,sayed of .setting 



20 INTKODliCTION 

forth and interpreting the career of a man wlio made 
history l)efore the cyclopedist.s had found him ! 

Tiie autiior of the present work, and they wlio have 
assisted in gathering the facts of Admiral Dewey's life, 
have Iteen fortunate in their near approach to the man 
himself. It had not been anticipated that so fnll and 
authentic a record of the hero's work could he made at 
so early a date. The documents in which are recorded 
the progress and much of the purpose of the Admiral 
have been found in the keeping of members of his 
family. By them his correspondence has been preserved, 
as if in loving anticipation of the time when his most 
trilling letter would be held and guarded as a treasure. 

In more general terms, the author of this work has 
been successful in tracing the life line of Dewey from his 
childhood home, in Vermont, to his present place as cap- 
tain of the .seas. Here are found the pictured scenes of 
the boyhood of the hero ; his career in school and acad- 
emy ; his outgoing as a naval tyro : his trials and vicissi- 
tudes in the long interval between the Civil and the 
Spanish war; his sudden revelation and ascendency in 
the Kast. and his seemingly secure con(]uest, not only of 
the Philippines, bat also of the good-will and confidence 
of mankinil. May the remainder of Admiral Dewey's life, 
when the same shall have been coinplctcd. be also writ- 
ten in letters of gold — according to the promise of the 
first great act as recorded in those pages. 



Washington, June, l.siW. ^ — 





^ceTve- at\ Vcriruotxt. 



CHAPTER I 
MONTPELIER 

THE CAPITAL OF THE GREEN MOUNTAIN STATE AND THE BIRTH- 
PLACE OF ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY 



illi3ul)u\lin; 



-'t,,-./-;^;* 

j^m 




niLE searchinit^ for the data with 
which to authenticate and em- 
bellish the story of the life and 
character of America's greatest 
living naval commander, the 
writer boarded a train in Grand 
Central Station, New York city, 
one Sunday afternoon at four 
o'clock, and at three o'clock the 
next morning found himself in 
the beautiful valley of the Wi- 
nooski River, in the very heart of the famous (iroen 
Mountain region of Vermont. "IMontpelier !" called out 
the trainman in deep stentorian tones, and the Pullman 
porter helped the weary traveler to the platform of the 
station. But it was not the Capital Cify affci- all only 

(21) 



Xtlam Jlrcct - Rcuxdeuce Portiou 



22 LIFE OF ALMIRAL DEWEY 

a junction, from which a few moments hiter he was car- 
ried by a combination of freigfht and accommodation train 
to the charming little city which has now l^ecome his- 
toric as the birthplace of George Dewey, the hero of Ma- 
nila Bay. The courteous hotel porter escorted the scribe 
to comfortable quarters for tlie remainder of the night, 
and in fifteen minutes after he was left alone the quiet 
of a New England village had lulled him into a refresh- 
ing slumber, undisturbed, until the sweet song-birds, which 
inhabit this region in great numbers, proclaimed the 
coming of the dawn of another day. Hastily preparing 
for breakfast (which comes at an early liour here), the 
searcher after facts was ushered into a large and com- 
modious dining-hall, where trim New England maidens, 
in neat frocks, served an old-fashioned New England 
meal, with fresh Vermont maple syrup for the buckwheat 
cakes and shaved sugar for the rolls and cereal. Alto- 
gether, it was such a reception as one might have ex- 
pected in a New England city which has erected in its 
State House a marble statue to Ethan Allen, and which 
celebrated the naval victory of j\Iay 1, 1898, as did no 
other city in America. 

And right here it is well that the reader should lie- 
come a little acquainted with the city of our Admiral's 
l)ii-tli and boyhood, 'i'he eleventh census (1890) gave to 
Montpelier a population of a little more than five thou- 
sand persons, but a later school census increa.ses that 
number to about eight thousand. The city lies in a 
quiet, sequestered spot, on the bank of the Winooski 
River. It is surrouiuled so closely on all sides by the 



MONTPELIER 



23 



Green Mountains as to seem to be literally resting in 
the very lap of Nature. State street, which takes its 
name from the State House, occupying one whole square 
of ground, the rear of the building itself reaching to the 
very foot of the mountain range, is at once a place of 
business and of pleasure. Not less than one hundred and 




MAIN STREET, MONTPELIER 

fifty feet in width, bordered with wide walks of concrete. 
its parking filled with stately old elms and other trees 
of dense foliage arching the street, it is indeed a pleas- 
ant scene to look upon. Uoing from the station, whicli 
is as near the centre of the town as it well could be. 
one enters to the right the business portion of the city, 
while to the left and in front is to be found tlie main 



24 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 




BUST OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

Made by Abrams Chegli, of New York. Presented by Charles Dewey, 
brother of the Admiral, to the Wood collection of fine arts at Montpelier 



residence sec- 
tion. The 
spot w here 
George Dewey 
was born is a 
few hundred 
feet to the left 
of the station, 
and just op- 
posite the en- 
trance to the 
State House 
grounds. A 
b r o t h e r of 
the Admiral, 
Capt. Edward 
Dewey, has 
since 1 ) u i 1 1 
here a hand- 
s o ni e house, 
that in which 



our hero had his first struggle for existence having been 
moved a little farther down the street. Turning to 
the right, and before reaching, in the business section, 
what is called Main Street, one passes the government 
building and courthouse, and. what is here of more im- 
poi-tance, the site of Christ Church. That house of woi*- 
ship was built in the early years of the century, largely 
through the efforts of I>r. -lulius Yemans Dewey, the 
Admiral's father, and was also the church in which 



MONTPELIEK 



27 



the Admiral himself was christened and tan^ht his first 
lessons in the catechism. The illustration on page thirty- 
nine is of the old church as originally built. It has since 
been replaced by another and more costly structure. The 
original building, having been remodeled into a dwelling 
is still in use a shoi-t distance down the street, as a 




KELLOGG-HUBBARD LIBRARY, MONTPELIER 



boarding house for summer tourists, who every year visit 
Monti^elier in large numbers. 

Passing along still farther to the riglit. and turning 
into ^lain Street to the left, the visitor discovers that lie 
has entered another avenue of unusual beauty, bordered 
on either side by tine residences in \\(jod and stone, 
surrounded by spacious lawns and gardens enriched by 



28 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

an abundance of flowers. Here lie finds the Kellogg- 
Hubbard Library, a magnificent stone structure built at 
a cost of $60,000, — a prt)perty incorporated and held in 
trust for the inhabitants of Montpelier. The building is 
commodious, and a fit place of abode for the IMontpelier 
Public Library, wiiich has had an existence, in one form 
or another, since the year 1794. It is thus seen that the 
residents of Montpelier, while yet a very young village. 
and when its inhabitants could have been counted on 
the fingers of few hands, were seekers after knowledge; 
and it is but fair to say of them that they have been 
seeking it ever since. 

Another of the points of interest to the visitor is the 
Heaton Hospital erected in 1S95 on the northern por- 
tion of what is known as Seminary Hill, the place taking 
its name fi-oni the Montpelier Seminary, a Methodist 
institution of learning well and favorably known to 
Methodists and others throughout the Green Mountain 
State. Both of these are large and conunodious struc- 
tures, well managed, and pos.sessing attractions for stran- 
gers, whether in search of health or education. 

Coming back to the city jiroper, and after feasting 
our eyes on the architectural beauty of the '" National 
Life." ami otlirr stiiictm-cs in maililc and sandstone, we 
will lake a, look at the old iii'ick school building in wliirh 
one l'aiigi)oi-n. in the late forties, taught the young ideas 
of Montpelier how to shoot. It is sai'l that this same 
pedagogue once conquered the iron will of tlie boy who 
in later years conquered the Spanish navy in the waters 
of the I'hilippine Archipelago. The building is now used 



MONTPELIER 



31 




as a dwelling, 
the vie w ( > n 
page sixty-nine 
being a g o o d 
one of the out- 
side of the struc- 
ture. It was in 
this place tliat 
most of the men 
f Montpelier. 
now of mature 
years, were giv- 
en their first les- 
sons in the rule 
of three. There 
are many now 

living in the various cities of the United States, as well 
as many who still dwell beneath the roof which gave 
them shelter in childhood days, who received their earliest 
instructions here, and who have since taken their places 
among the foremost men and w^omen of their time. 

Last, but by no means least, in this list of points of 
unusual interest in the Capital City of Vermont, we come 
to the official home of the State government itself, the 
State House. The view presented of this stately struc- 
ture furnishes Ijut a faint idea of the grandeur of the 
building. Standing, at tliis point, in the very centre of 
the valley of the Winooski River, a view from the dome 
of the Capitol building discloses a kaleidoscopic panorama 
to be found, with equal effect, in no other locality. Hack 



THE NATIONAL LIFE" BUILDING, MONTPELIER 



82 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



of the State House rises majestically one of the highest 
and most precipitous of the Green Mountain ranges, so 
close as to make it appear possible for the observer to 
jumji with ease from the dome to the mountain side. 
Away to the right and left can be seen the winding waters 
of the Winooski, with its sloping banks and mead owed 
lowlands. A quarter of a mile down the stream is the 




HEATON HOSPITAL, MONTPELIER 



ford in which George Dewey nearly lost his life on tlie 
occasion of his hi-st naval ventui'e in his father's run- 
about some time in the early forties. A view" of the ford 
is shoA\ n on page sixty-four. Far away, in one direction, 
on a clear day, can be distinctly seen the foothills of the 
White Mountains, while in the other, the Adirondacks and 
Lake Champlain. with its reminders of Ethan Allen and 
the Green Mountain Boys at Fort Ticonderoga. bring the 
enchanted observer back to earth again and remind him 
that time Hies and waits for no man. At his feet lies 



M0NTPEL1P]R 35 

the north In-anch of the Winooski, cutting the little city 
in two. and winding its way like a thread of silver away 
to the north and east, forming another valley as beautiful 
as the one in which the city of Montpelier rests. Along 
its banks within the city proper are to be seen many 
manufacturing plants of varied industries, giving to the 
little city an air of hustling commercialism surpassed 
only by its quaint and quiet New England homeliness as 
a place of either rest or recreation. 

The interior of the State House possesses much in- 
terest for the stranger. The rooms of the governor and 
other State officers are both elegant and simple in their 
furnishings, the walls lieing hung with paintings of for- 
mer officials and men of note in the affairs of the 
commonwealth. The Vermont State Historical Society 
occupies much space with collections, both rare and rich, 
of everything, from stulfed Itirds. native to the State, to 
the Indian relics of bygone days found within the borders 
of old Vermont. The exhibits are as fine as could possibly 
be gotten together, while the display of polished granite 
and marble would occasion surprise in one unaccpiainted 
with the resources of the State in those particular i)rod- 
ucts. Marble and granite are as common in the construc- 
tion of buildings in Montpelier as w^ere the mon^ familiar 
cobble-stones in the dwellings and factories of northern 
New York erected in the early part of the nineteenth 
century. Here also is to be found the State Library, said 
to contain the most complete collection of law books of 
any lilirary in the United States, not even exce])tiiig the 
Congressional Library at Wa.shington. It is a boast of 



36 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

Vermonters interested in library matters that several of 
the United States Supreme Court Justices have in recent 
years written their opinions and decisions vs^itliin the walls 
of this building, coming there from the White Mountain 
country in order to avail themselves of the superior facili- 
ties afforded by this collection of law books. 

Before leaving the building and after taking a glance 
into the halls of the Assembly and the State Senate, 
the visitor is invited to inspect the statue of Ethan 
Allen, which stands in the porch of the building. This 
statue was designed liy Larkin (1. Mead, and is said to 
have been his masterpiece. Vermonters have an especial 
fondness for Ethan Allen, and their latest hero is yet 
compelled to yield a place in the affections of the 
people of the Green j\Iountaiu State for this other Ver- 
mouter, who called so early in the morning on the 
British at Ticonderoga. 

Down the broad steps from the porch toward State 
Street, one enters the spacious grounds with a feeling 
that he has been well repaid for his time within the 
building. The grounds are plain but well kept, the 
walks from the centre gate to the far corners of 
the inclosure, at either of the side entrances to the 
Capitol l)uilding. being trod daily by a large percentage 
of the population of the city in their passing to and 
from business or the station. It was in these verj' 
grounds that the children of Montpelier in the early 
daj's used to iidld tlicii- annual May-day festivities, 
though usually the jiicnic would commence in the woods 
on the hills above the State House, and end within this 



MONTPELIER 



37 



f^ 






0- 






II 



-«r^r^ 




inclosure. It 
was here that 
(ieorge Dewey, 
on one of these 
May-day occa- 
sions when he 
was a lad of 
thirteen, had an 
altercation with 
the boy who has 
since become 
the Rev. John 
P. Demeritt. An 
account of the 
altercation is 
given elsewhere 
in this work. It 
is interesting to 
listen to tales of 
the annually re- 
curring jollifications among the younger people of those 
other days, and one is led almost to wish that he were 
young again, and that the customs of the years gone 
by had not been so ruthlessly cast aside foi' the more 
fashionable but less enjoyal)le festivities of these later 
generations. 

In another pai-ticular the city of ^lontpelier is worthy 
of more than passing mention in this initial chapter to 
the story of the life of George Dewey. Scientists tell 
us that food and drink, and the habits of life influenced 




.J';^:ivv.\.'«-/ .-i-i*?;: 



THE COURT HOUSE, MONTPELIER 



38 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



l)y both of them, are important factors in affecting the 
career of any people. The soil of the Winooski valley 
produces the very best of vegetables and cereals, and 
the waters of Mirror Lake, from which the city receives 
its supply of water for domestic uses, are declared by 
chemists to be as pure as any in the world. If we are 
to take this into consideration, then surely Montpelier 
is entitled to another credit mark when we are fixing 
the rewards for the victory of Manila Bay. 

Taken altogether, Montpelier is a pleasant place to 
live in, as well as a good place to have been born in. 
as has been said by some of the paragraphers in refer- 
ence to the early home of George Dewey. Best of all, 
the people are of an hospitable disposition, and the 
latchstring is always hanging out for the stranger who 
happens to come within the gates of the city. 







'ftri^ 'fteali.'ifeffiJpsftt 




'-■^ 










'^.4'*^' 



•- ^W'^' ■'-'■^^ '-■^mr' 



CHAPTER II 
BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD 

HOME OF DR. JULIUS YEMANS DEWEY - ANTE-NATAL INFLU- 
ENCES-" THE POOR LITTLE CHILD OF A TAR" 

|irE day was (Jhristmas. happiest 
of all the winter holidays, and 
the good people of the Capital 
City of the Green Mountain State 
were as merry with their festivi- 
ties as is the custom in all those 
ancient New England house- 
holds. December twenty-five 
comes there as early in the cal- 
endar year as elsewhere : l:>ut. 
somehow, it seems to be a little 
later in the season when the snow has lain on the ground 
for several weeks, and the jolly jingle of the sleigh bells 
has become sufficiently familiar to cause no longer a 
scurry of the children to the windows to see the horses 

(39) 




Ai'nural 'Hcucy'ii Wrthplace. THDalpeUcr.Vt 



40 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

and hear the music of the sweet-toned harbingers of peace 
and happiness. And, too. the latitude of Montpelier is 
pretty well north, and lung ere the last week in Decem- 
ber the thrifty householder of the year of our Lord 
eighteen hundred and thirty-seven had banked his house 
against the wintry winds, and lighted the fires in the great 
stoves and fireplaces which make the long evenings pass 
so pleasantly, and which have given to the homes of Ver- 
mont a fame above that of most of her sister States as 
a jilace of good cheer during Yule Tide. It is here the 
children come to crack nuts, eat apples, and drink the 
best of sweet cider ; and the ringing laughter, mingled 
now and again with the music of song or the interesting 
tales of other holidays, have a tendency to make the 
older ones wish for a return of the days of childhood, 
when Santa Clans was not to them a myth, and before 
the years of care and responsibility had made them ac- 
quainted with the stern realities of life. 

On State, Street, nearly opposite the State House, there 
then stood a vineclad cottage, known far and wide as the 
hospital)le home of one of Vermont's foi'emost citizens. 
Dr. Julius Yemans Dewey. Pleasant were the surround- 
ings here, so far as nature and loving hands could make 
them, and the stately elm-trees, with their over-hanging 
branches, glistening with the crystals which heaven alone 
can send them at this season of the year, only added to 
the grandeur of the landscape. Back of the house, at a 
little distance, ran the muniiuiiug waters of the Onion 
River, where boys and girls, in their warm hoods an<l fur 
mufflers, gathered during the winter nuuiths to while 



BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD 43 

away an idle hour and gain much needed respite from 
their studies; and '"crack the whip" was as much in evi- 
dence with the skaters then as the latter-day sport of 
curling is now. In the distance are to l)e seen the snow- 
clad tops of the mountain ranges for which the State is 
famous, and which, for six months in each year, are so 
covered with verdure as to entitle them to the appella- 
tion of "Green Mountains." 

In this pretty cottage home of Doctor Dewey, Christmas 
Day, 1887, was not unlike that of other years. Children 
there wex'e, — two robust boys, aged respectively eight and 
eleven years, — and to tliem the recurring holiday brought 
its usual accompaniment of toys, sleds, skates, pop corn, 
candy, nice warm mittens, and fur-lined coats and caps. 
But there was present an air of quiet expectancy, and 
none acquainted with the family were at all surprised 
when, on the following day, December twenty-six, they 
learned that another baby lioy had come to bless the 
home of Doctor Dewey and his most estimable, beloved 
wife. That child was christened a few years later in the 
church which the father had founded, and was named 
George Dewey. The large congregation wlu) witnessed the 
baptism, and who heard the px'ompt decisive answers of 
the fond parents to the questions asked by the rector of 
Christ Cliurch, little realized that the infant thus start- 
ing on the journey of life was one day to become one 
of the best-loved Amei'icans of his time, achieve the 
greatest naval victory in the history of nations, and. by 
the effort of a single day, practically end a war with a 
foreign power, and change the map of the world. 



44 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

The Admiral's ancestors all along the line from Tliomas 
Dewey, the settler, who landed in Massachusetts Bay with 
the Rev. John Warham's little band of persecuted Chris- 
tians in the summer of 1680, down through the Revolution- 
ary War and the War of 1812, have been men who have 
taken a prominent part in the affairs of both State and 
Nation. And. too, he comes of stock possessing the qual- 
ities which he himself has shown in his destruction of 
the Spanish fleet in the harbor of Cavite. The Deweys 
have ever been fighters — not brawlers, who quarrel for 
the sake of creating a disturi)ance, but fighters to the 
manner born, who were ever ready to lay down their lives, 
if need be. in defense of their country's honor, or to 
resent any insult to their country's flag. Among the best 
known of the family's representatives in this class stands 
the name of the Rev. Jedediah Dewey, who, history tells 
us, adjourned a service in his church to go out one Sun- 
day morning to fight the British at the Battle of Ben- 
nington, and then returned to the house of worship, took 
up his sermon where he had left off when interrupted, 
and finished it. Another of this same family was Capt. 
Elijah Dewey, a son of the Reverend Jedediah, who has a 
record of having been at Ticonderoga, the evacuation of 
St. Clare, at the Battle of Bennington, where his reverend 
father earned the title of "the fighting parson," and at 
the surrender of Burgoyne. And when that other Ver- 
monter, Ethan Allen, put in an appearance so early in the 
morning and demanded the keys of tlie fortress at Ti- 
conderoga, he was accompanied by Elnsign Simeon Dewey, 
who was a brothi-r of (Jeorge Dewey's great-grandfather, 




CAPTAIN SIMEON DEWEY 



iUKTH AND CHILDHOOD 47 

Capt. William Dewey, who was himself very much in evi- 
dence throughout the Revolutionary War. Several others 
of the Admiral's ancestors in direct line have been equally 
as conspicuous as defenders of the Stars and Stripes as 
those so briefly noted. 

George Dewey was what some people would call "well 
born." His parents were among the most highly respected 
people in that staid old city of Montpelier. His father 
had been graduated at the age of twenty-three from the 
Medical Department of the University of Vermont, and 
practiced his profession with great success until 1850, 
when he became medical examiner of the National Life 
Insurance Company. During those six and twenty years, 
the genial doctor became the best-known man in all that 
country round. His visits to the bedside of the sick and 
dying brought him in contact with thousands of families, 
the descendants of whom are now congratulating George 
Dewey and his family on the great victory of Manila 
Bay. To the sick his coming was as a beam of sunshine 
on a dark and dreary day. He was a religious man, but 
not one of the sort who carried his Christianity on his 
coat sleeve to be seen of men, but who, rather, permitted 
the glory of his Master to shine out in his countenance, 
and who spoke cheering words to those in trouble, and 
always had a pleasant smile for those with whom he 
came in daily contact. His was a religion of deeds, not 
words, and many are the tales told since his death l)y 
those whom he had helped in many ways during his long 
and useful life. He dispensed charity with a lavish hand, 
and yet his left hand never knew what his right hand 



48 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



was doing. As 
may l)e readily 
understood, 
Julius Yemans 
Dewey was a 
man of im- 
portance in the 
c o m m u n i t y 
where he lived, 
and his coun- 
sel and advice 
were often 
sought by men 
in all (he walks 
of life. He was 
a man of mu- 
sical and liter- 
ary tastes, and 
he is said to 

have rarely permitted a Sunday evening to pass which did 
not witness a gathering of the young people of his imme- 
diate neighborhood at his home, where, for an hour or 
more, the sweet tones of the cottage organ were united 
with the melodious notes of the doctor's own superb tenor, 
mingled with the voices of young men and women, all 
singing in sweet accord the beautiful hymns for which 
the Hymnal of the Episcopal Church is so justly noted. 
Long prayers were not the doctor's forte ; but praises to 
God in the true spirit of Cln-istian fellowship in every- 
day life were the characteristics of the Admiral's father. 




CAPTAIN ELIJAH DEWEY 



BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD 49 

When the handful of worshipers in Montpelier who 
espoused the Episcopal faith decided to Ijuild a church 
of their own, it was to Doctor Dewey they came for 
counsel, and he became known as the founder of Christ 
Church. The first funeral ever held in this sacred edifice 
was that of George Dewey's sainted mother, who passed 
over to the liright beyond when the future hero of Manila 
Bay was but a mere chit of a lioy of five. It was in 
the Sunday School of Christ Church that young George 
was taught his first lessons in the catechism, and some 
years later, while stationed at the Naval Academy, George 
Dewey was confirmed, as was, also, his wife, Susie Goodwin, 
at St. Anne's Protestant Episcopal Church, Annapolis, Md. 
Dr. Julius Yemans Dewey was ever deeply interested in 
all matters of an educational nature, and the churches, 
public schools, and libraries of Vermont always had in 
him a staunch supporter and earnest friend. He was a 
public-spirited citizen, and was ever ready with his voice 
or purse to aid in the advancement of railroad, church, 
school, hotel, or other enterprises in which his loved vil- 
lage or city of Montpelier might become interested. In 
a word, George Dewey's father was a man among men. 
highly educated, cultured, of strict integrity, exceptional 
morals, and firmness of character.^: just such a man as 
one would expect to know as the progenitor of such a 
leader of men as Admiral George Dewey. 

The Admiral's mother was a woman of uncommonly 
fine parts, and to her as much as to his father does he 
owe many of the excellent traits of character which have 
made him great, as greatness is pi-operly understood, iu 

D.— 1 



50 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



tlie world of men. "The hand that rocks the cradle rules 
the world " was written of one of America's best-loved 
and most patriotic women ; and true it is in the present 
instance that the hand that rocked the cradle in which 
nestled the future Admiral of the American navy had 
much to do with ruling a good portion of the world in 
this year of our Lord eighteen hundred and ninety-nine. 




HOUSE AT MONTPELIER IN WHICH ADMIRAL DEWEY WAS BORN 

'i'he nidther-intluence is strong with the child for the rea- 
son that it is she who has most to do with it during the 
impressionable years of infancy: iiiid wliilc (ieorge Dew- 
ey's mother passed away when he was yet of tender 
age, it is still true that her intluence for good is seen in 
all the years since passed. Through the noted families 




Dr. JULIUS YEMANS DEWEY — THE ADMIRAL'S FATHER 



BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD 53 

of Holyoke and Talcott, Mary Perrin descended from 
Nicholas Pyuchon, who was high sheriff of London in 
1532, treasurer of Massachusetts Colony, and founder of 
Springheld. The Holyoke family has had much to do 
with the upbuilding of the western and southern sections 
of Massachusetts, while the Talcotts have ever been, and 
still are, among the solid promoters of the welfare of the 
State of Connecticut. And. while this line of honored an- 
cestry doubtless has a right to some measure of credit 
for the character of our esteemed hero, it is to his mother 
that the principal degree of praise is due for many 
of his excellent qualities. She was a woman who loved 
her children, and considered no sacrifice too great if it 
would in any measure add to their personal comfort or 
advancement. Mary Perrin was born in Berlin, Vt., in 
the year 1791), and was one of the many children of Mary 
Talcott and Zachariah Perrin. Her girlhood was not un- 
like that of any other child in the neighborhood of her 
home. The school which she attended was estal)lished by 
Mrs. Willard at Middlebury, Vt., but has since been 
removed to Troy, N. Y. The education thus obtained emi- 
nently fitted her for any station in life wliich she might 
be called upon to fill. She came from a family whicli 
valued the best things in life, — education, integrity, good 
books, — and was conscientious to the last degree. After 
an engagement of two years, she married Julius Yemans 
Dewey, a rising young physician of Montpelier. Together 
they came to the cottage home which he had pfovided, op- 
posite the State House gate, and in which all four of her 
children were born. The home was a, happy one. and the 



54 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

industrious young wife was a true heliimeet to the young 
doctor, so full of strength, courage, and ambition. Her 
library of books was not a numerous one, but was com- 
plete with such works as those of Shakespeare, Burns, 
Cowper, and that other sweetest of all the singers of his 
day, Thomas Moore. " Lalla Kookh" was among her fa- 
vorites, and even now the sentences she loved and marked 
are the delight of her children and grandchildren of to-day. 
She was also an admirer of Dr. Samuel Johnson, and read 
his works with much interest. In appearance George 
Dewey's mother was stately ; her home ever scrupulously 
neat and orderly, and her conduct exemplary, as that of 
her much-loved son is said to be in all respects. Like 
her husband, she was ever doing good deeds and scat- 
tering seeds of kindness wherever she went, till finally 
in the performance of an errand of mercy she con- 
tracted the cold which terminated in her death. But 
her spirit still lives to bless mankind. Her contribution 
to the welfare of humanity, in the son who has earned 
the right to so warm a place in the affections of the 
American people, is not a small one ; and a people would 
be ungrateful indeed who did not accord to her, equally 
with her husband, a place in the pages of history as the 
mother of such a man as Admiral George Dewey. 

Much has been said and written of George Dewey as 
a man and as an officer in the Navy, but little attention 
has been given to those years of his life when character 
was being formed and when the foundations were laid, 
upon which, in after years, was l)uilded the manly (jual- 
ities and nol)le attril)utes foiiiul to-day in the hero of 




ETHAN ALLEN 
Statue on the porch of the State House, Montpelier 



BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD 



57 




Manila Bay. While 
searching for data 
concerning the child- 
life of George Dewey, 
the author addressed 
a letter of inquiry to 
the AdmiraFs sister, 
and through her has 
been aide to discover 
what seems to be a 
most important fac- 
tor in influencing 
the career of the boy, 
the youth, and the 
man in the years 
since passed. 

As has already 
been stated else- 
where, our hero lost 
his mother at the tender age of hve, and his father, a 
country doctor, found himself called upon to take the 
place of both father and mother to his orphaned chil- 
dren. His leisure hours were always spent with his 
little ones, entertaining them now. instructing them 
again, and ever seeking to guide them, by speech or 
song, in the jiath of honor and duty. George was 
termed his "little hei'o," and many an hour sat upon 
his father's knee and listened to song or story till his 
very soul seemed stirred by the recital to its utmost 
depths. One song more than any other appeared to 



THE LITTLE HERO' 



58 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

interest the little listener. It was a tale of the woes 
and misfortunes of a child like himself, hut whose life 
was made douhly sad and lonely by the ahsence of his 
father in the Navy, defending his country's flag. Follow- 
ing are tlie words of the song : — 



THE POOH LITTLE CHILD OF A TAK 

In a little blue garment, all ragged and torn. 

With scarce any shoes to his feet : 
His head all uncovered, a look quite forlorn. 

And a cold, stony step for his seat — 

A bov cheerless sat, and as travelers passed, 

With a look that might avarice bar, 
"Have ])itv,'' he cried, "let your bounty be cast 

On a poor little child of a tar. 

"No mother have Land no friends can I claim. 

Deserted and cheerless I roam ; 
My father has fought for his country and fame. 

But. alas, he may never come home. 

"By cruelty driven from a neat, rural cot. 

W^here once in contentment she dwelt. 
No friend to protect her, my poor mother's lot 

Alas ! too severely she felt. 

"Bowed (Iciwn by misfortune. Death called her his own. 

And snatched her to ri>gions afar; 
Deserted and friendless I was then left to roam. 

The poor little child of a tar." 

Thus j)laintive he cried, when a traveler who passed. 

Stopped a moment to give him relief : 
He stretched forth his hand, and a look on him cast, 

A look full of wonder and irrief. 



BIllTH AND CHILDHOOD 59 

" What, my Willie," he cried, " my poor little boy. 

At last I've returned from the war. 
Thy sorrows shall cease, nor shall irrief more annoy 

The poor little child of a tar."' 

As the song progressed tears would till the eyes of 
the little sympathizer, and in his anxiety lest the "'poor 
little child of a tar" should suffer, he would interrupt 
the song to suggest means for relieving his distress. 
But the climax was reached when the father returned 
from the war and found his destitute child, and young 
George would fairly dance for glee to think that the 
child's sufferings were at an end. This song always left 
a deep impression on our hero's mind, and he would 
talk about it for hours at a time. 

And who shall say that right here was not laid the 
foundation for the desire which in the later years in- 
spired George Dewey, the youthful student, to seek ad- 
mission to the Naval Academy at Annapolis, and in the 
still later years gave to the world its most eminent and 
truly great naval commander ? George Dewey as a child 
was active and playful, impetuous and fond of out-door 
sports, yet tender and sympathetic ; as a youth, manly, 
studious, fond of reading, music, and those associations 
which elevate and inspire to acts of heroism and noble 
deeds. And here, in lier own words, is his loving sister's 
tribute to his character as a man: "And now he is a 
quiet gentleman of finest feelings, thoughtful, kind, and 
loyal. Not so effusive as many persons, but sincere. A 
friend to trust in time of troul)le." 



60 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



And what higher measure of praise can be imagined? 
The world is tilled with men just as loyal and just as 
brave as George Dewey ; but few men possess all the 
qualities which go to make the all-'round man so clearly 
illustrated in his life from childhood till threescore years 
of age. 




- ^- vis."- *_,- 







•''iilli'l 







CHAPTER 111 
^ M-/Py°>^ BOYHOOD 

LEADER IN ALL GAMES OF SPORT OR MISCHIEF -HIS FIRST 
CRUISE-SCHOOL DAYS AT MONTPELIER-THE PANGBORN 
INCIDENT 

loMiRAL George Dewey was a boy 
of but thirteen when he started 
out on his career as a naval hero. 
The waters navigated were those 
of the Winooski River, which 
flowed past his father's home in 
Montpelier. The season was 
spi'ingtime. and the melting 
snows of the Vermont mountains 
had swollen the river to over- 
flowing banks. Just below Mont- 
pelier there was at that time a convenient fording place 
used by the people thereabouts as a short cut from their 
homes in and out of the city. Doctor Dewey, the future 
admiral's father, had sent young George with liorse and 

(til) 




'PexueijiS accident in. ttit rivci:. 



62 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 




t£ ^^5^- 



I" 




wagon to perform some 
errand at the home of 
a neighboring fanner, 
cautioning him, how- 
ever, to go around by 
the bridge and not at- 
tempt to ford the river, 
as it was dangerous. 
But the temptation to 
shorten the distance 
was too great to be 
ov^ercome, and George 
l)()ldly drove his horse 
into the t u r b u 1 e n t 
waters. He soon found 
himself floating down 
the stream, the horse 
plunging iu an eff(_)rt to save his own life, and George 
himself was obliged to leave the wagon and trust to his 
faithful dumb companion to get him ashore in safety. 
But get ashore he did, though thoroughly frightened and 
effectually cured, for the time being at least, of disobedi- 
ence. He reached home, in a drenched and forlorn con- 
diti«n. without having done the errand assigned him. He 
was immediately ]int to bed, and his father sent for. On 
his arrival, the kiud and indulgent doctor at first began 
to scold, 1)ut George interrupted him with the plea, "You 
ought to l)e thankful that I'm alive, and not scold me 
because I didn't get drowned." The doctor turned away, 
and the subject was never nientioiuHl by hiui again. 



GEORGE DEWEY'S FIRST CRUISE 



A HAPPY PUYHUUD 63 

Dewey was always adventurous. It is related of him 
by his former associates that no hill was too long, no 
precipice too steep, for him to coast with his sled. Coast- 
ing in Montpelier was then, as now, a favorite pastime 
for the young. From Seminary Hill to State House gate 
— a distance of more than one mile — was an ordinary 
coast for George Dewey. The hill back f)f the State 
House, so precipitate as to be deemed by others unsafe 
for coasting, was a favorite spot for the hero of Manila 
and such of his associates as dared to follow his lead. 

Dewey was especially happy on the ice, where it was 
his delight to jump over airholes and skate over thin 
ice which would bend beneath his weight ; and many, 
many times his companions pulled him out of the water 
when he had taken too great a risk and fallen into 
an aix'hole or broken through the ice. A danger signal 
seemed only to inspire him to more daring deeds. He 
did not believe he was l)orn to ]>e diTjwned in the 
Winooski River, and thus far he has escaped such fate. 

For a great many years the first day of Legislature 
in Vermont was a gala day in the Capital (Jity. Peo- 
ple came there from miles around. Circus crowds were 
no comparison, (lingerliread and sweet cider took tlie 
place of the peanuts and junk lemonade of to-day. On 
these occasions the boys of other towns came along to 
test their muscle with local youths. George Dewey al- 
ways took a prominent part and retired invariably with 
flying colors. 

Adventure upon adventure was the lot of the future 
hero of Manila. It had become the custom for the older 



CA 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



people to say, on hearing of some remarkable feat of 
daring or skillful trick, "Well, that Dewey rascal is at 
it again." The saying, "Boys will be boys," has a true 
application to George Dewey. He had time for all kinds 
of pranks, yet there was no brighter lioy in school than 
he, who, at the age of thirteen, when attending the old 
Montpelier Academy, was studying Latin and Greek roots. 




FORD OF THE WINOOSKI RIVER, MONTPELIER 

llis father had always wished to have him enter the 
Army, and sent him to Norwich I'uiversity, a military 
training school, for tliat purpose. Hut (ieorge's eyes were 
on the sea, ;iiid he teased his father so much that his 
scruples against the Navy were overcome, and through his 
influence a cadetship in the United States Naval Academy 



I 



A HAPPY BOYHOOD 65 

at Annapolis was secured for the lad, when he was in 
his seventeenth year. 

George Dewey was a great boy to do things no other 
boy dared. One of these was to remain under water 
while swimming. One of the future Admiral's chums 
had beaten his record, and he started out to make a 
new one. The swimming basin was in the Winooski 
Eiver, at the head of Main Street, in Montpelier. Dewey 
dived under the water and remained there so long that 
a howl went up from his companions that he had been 
drowned. Several men rushed into the river, and after 
fishing around pulled him out. His face was purple. 
The first thing he inquired after getting his breath was 
if he beat the other felloAv. He was also the means of 
saving one of his companions Avhile swimming. 

Another favorite pastime of young Dewey was to run 
down the State House steps blindfolded. The distance is 
over one hundred yards, with small terraces intervening, 
making it v^ery dangerous. A single miscalculation would 
mean a broken head or limb. Dewey never missed the 
gate. The crowning feature of the whole adventure was 
to walk so straight that he would not bump the high 
iron fence. 

George Dewey was always full of l)oyi.sh pranks, — not 
what would lie termed mean actions. Init what in college 
would be termed "practical jokes." Doctor Dewey in 
those days kept several cows, and George was wont to 
boast to his young companions that one of them was a 
saddle-cow. To jirove this he would take the boys to the 
pasture, approach one of the most domestic animals and 



66 



LIFK OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



assist one of the bo.vs to her back. Thoroughly frightened, 
the auimal would rush about the pasture, kicking and 
bellowing, until the entii-e herd was in an upi-oar. and the 
unfortunate boy on her back clinging for dear life. This 
joke usually ended at the bai*s nearest the house, with 
the would-be equestrian on the other side of the bai-s. 




SW.VV.SO POOL. W1N<X>SKI RIV£^. MCSTP=, £R 



Of course, this joke could be played on only one boy at 
a time, but furnished much amusement to all the lads of 
the neighborhood, who in their turn had the experience. 

George Dewey, as a boy. was more than usually keen 
of perception, quick to decide, especially in time of 
danger. On one occasion, he probably saved his life 
by quickly kuo\Ting what to do in an emergency. 



I 



A HAPPY BOYHOOD G7 

Doctor Dewey in that day warmed his home with wood 
fires, his wood-yard always being well supplied with logs 
of maple. Sometimes it was found necessary, in working 
up these logs for fire-wood, to split them open with a 
blast of powder. George had seen his father do this, 
and one day called all his companions into the yard 
to show them how to lilast. Selecting a heavy and 
unusually knotty log for his experiment, he l)ored a 
good-sized hole in the centre of the log, filled it with 
powder, and laying a fuse or line of powder to the 
charge, plugged the hole and lit the fuse. For some 
reason, the powder failed to explode, and some of the 
boys more venturesome than the others rushed forward 
to ascertain the reason why. George threw himself before 
the l)oys and commanded them to " Stand back ! First 
you know you will be killed. That's dangerous !" After 
having driven the other l)oys to a safe distance, Geoz-ge 
himself advanced to the log to ascertain the cause of 
the failure to explode. He had hardly reached the log 
when the explosion took place, filling his face with 
powder and setting fire to his clothes. In the yard 
near by stood a sunken barrel filled with water for the 
stock, and into this barrel plunged the future Admiral 
so quickly as to frighten his companions into supposing 
that he had lieen blown there by the explosion. But 
his promptness saved his life, extinguishing the fire and 
even preserving his face from any permanent nuirks of 
the burning powder. 

Among George Dewey's schoolmates at Montpelier, 
during the years 1S47-50, were John P. Demeritt and 



6S LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

J. E. Wright, both of whom are now preachers of the 
Gospel. In a letter to the Kev. J. E. Wright, written soon 
after the Battle of Manila Bay. the Kev. J. P. Demeritt 
relates the following as among his many recollections of 
George Dewey : — 

I knew George quite well as a boy at school, and saw him take 
his whipping there which he has often said kept him out of prison. 
We once tapped maples totjether in the grove of his father's jiasture 
At a picnic. May 1st, which began (in the hill above the State House 
and for some reason was transferred or ended in the State House yard, 
he and I nearly came to blows, he having misused a mug of mine, for 
which I proposed to pound him ; but he was ready, although a younger 
boy — at a time, too, when years made (piite a difference. This brush 
was stopped by the girls, in which I remember Mary Silver took the 
leading part. George is naturally daring, and I regard him as a very 
superior officer — the best we have. 

Louis Wood, one of Moutpelier's stalwart policemen, 
was a schoolfellow with George Dewey during the last 
four years of his days at Montpelier Academy. The 
friendship then formed between them has been intensi- 
fied witli the passage of years, and the old schoolmate 
now has many interesting tales to tell of George Dewey 
as a boy. 

"George was a boy who stood by his friends," said 
Mr. Wood, in conversation witli the writer. ''He always 
took the weaker ones' parts. My parents A\ei'e French 
Catholics. In those days there was some feeling between 
the Catholic and Protestant boys, and it was quite the 
thing for some of them larger tiian myself and a younger 
brother to catch us alone somewhere and give us a 
trouncing. 1 rememlKM- tiiat George Dewey wiuild always 



I 




i'-jasr /iiS*^ 




o 

UJ 

o 



A HAPPY BOYHOOD 71 

take our part, and never would allow larger boys to 
attack us. It often ha^jpened that the assault would be 
as two to one. In those instances you would always 
find the future Admiral of the Navy demanding fair 
play, and one at a time. I never knew him to be other 
than perfectly fair in anything. He might stand by and 
see a fight, and enjoy it, without interfering to stop it 
in any way ; but the moment two pitched on to one he 
was ready to take a hand himself. Of course." said Mr. 
Wood in conclusion, "I have not seen much of him since 
he went away to school. He was in the Navy and I in 
the volunteer service in the Army during the War of 
the Rebellion. But Ave never quite lost track of each 
other, and I am proud that he was my associate in 
boyhood." 

George Dewey, like many another man who achieved 
greatness before the end of his allotted span, was in 
his young days as boyish a boy as he is now found to 
be a manly man. Dewey's school days in Montpelier 
were short, as he left there to enter a private school 
when not more than thirteen years of age. Many anec- 
dotes are told, however, to illustrate the disposition of 
the boy even at that tender age, to demonstrate his 
right to leadership among his associates. 

Major Z. K. Pangborn, now a resident of New Jersey, 
and for thirty years editor of the Jersey City Eren/itfj 
Journal, relates with much bravado a story of how he 
once whipped George Dewey. This was in the fall of 
1849, when Dewey was not yet twelve, when the peda- 
gogue accepted the unenviable position of teacher of the 



72 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

Montpelier district schooL The anti-teacher brigade, of 
which Dewey, though young and small, was the recog- 
nized leader, was said to have been in rebellion for a 
long time, and to have driven out several of the pre- 
ceptors who had the temerity to undertake their gov- 
ernment. Pangborn was a small man, weighing not much 
more than one hundred pounds, but considered himself 
an athlete and believed himself capable of handling any 
number of boys who might become his antagonists. 
When Pangborn appeared at school the first day of the 
session, he is said to have noticed the future hero of 
Manila up in a tree, throwing snowballs at boys smaller 
than himself. Pangborn told him quietly he must stop 
that, as such conduct would not be tolerated. In reply, 

the teacher was told to go to ; but Dewey did not 

come down. 

School went smoothly enough that day and for sev- 
eral days thereafter, but the shrewd preceptor could see 
that trouble was brewing, so he provided himself with 
a tough rawhide whip, which he tucked away over the 
door where he could get hold of it when wanted, and 
awaited results. 

At the close of school on the first day of the second 
week of the term, the boys decided to have some sport 
with their new instructor. It was winter time, and there 
were several feet of snow on the ground. They decided 
to lie in ambuscade, and liied themselves to a meeting- 
house, which stood near the school, the belfry of which 
the boys were accustomed to enter and ring the liell for 
want of something else to do. Young George was the 



A HAPPY BOYHOOD 



73 



accepted captain of 
the CO m p any, an d 
placed one detach- 
ment of his force in 
the belfry, armed with 
well-packed snowballs, 
while the others were 
stationed at conven- 
ient positions to come 
out at the proper mo- 
ment and reinforce the 
attack of the battery 
in the belfry. The 
teacher's appearance 
was the signal for per- 
fect silence. As he ap- 
proached the church, 
entirely unconscious of the hot reception prepared for him 
by the boys, he was greeted with a volley of snowballs 
from the church tower. At a signal from their leader 
his comrades closed in on the victim. It was a short, 
sharp battle, but the boys seemed to have the best of it, 
and the teacher finally gave it up and lieat a hasty 
retreat. During the "scrap," however, several of the boys 
were handled roughly liy the pedagogue, and the bolder 
ones, who came within reach of his strong arms, went 
down head over heels into the deep snow. During this 
engagement at close range the future Admiral was on 
top of the schoolmaster, but managed to keep out of his 
clutches. 




BATTLE OF SNOWBALLS 



74 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

Early ou the morning of the eighth day of school, the 
fun commenced. Another boy who was disorderly was 
ordered to take his seat. He did so, and nearly all the 
larger boys in the school joined him on the bench. Then 
the boy whose daring entrance into Manila Bay electrified 
the world stepped up and coolly informed the teacher 
that they were going to give him the best licking he 
had ever had in his life. " You take your seat, sir," com- 
manded the teacher. But Dewey did not start for his 
seat. On the contrary, he reached for the teacher, liut 
missed him, and the next instant the rawhide was wind- 
ing about his legs, head, and ears in cyclone fashion. 
Another boy entered the contest and was as promptly 
laid low by a blow with a hickory club from the wood- 
pile. By this time, Dewey was subdued and appealing 
for mercy. The rebellion was over and Mr. Pangborn held 
the school until the end of the term without further 
trouble. 

At the close of the school that day, Dewey was taken 
home to his father by the teacher, who presented him to 
his fond parent with the statement that he had brought 
him his son somewhat the worse for wear, but still in 
condition for school work. "Thank you, sir," replied the 
dignified Doctor Dewey. "George will not give you any 
more trouble. If he has not heon sufficiently punished 
for his misconduct at school, he can have more at home. 
He will be at school to-morrow the same as usual." And 
he was. The father of the other boy tried to get a war- 
rant for the arrest of tlie schoolmaster, but no magis- 
trate could be found in the town who would issue one, 



A HAPPY BOYHOOD 75 

as every one said that if any man could be found who 
would govern that school, he was the man for the place. 
Long before the end of the term, George Dewey and 
Teacher Pangboru became the liest of friends, the friend- 
ship then formed having continued thus far through life. 
Under Dewey's inspiration and admonition the other l^oys 
also fell into line, and the Montpelier district school 
became as famous in after years for its stndions and or- 
derly attendance, as it had once been notorious for its 
Avant of study and lack of discipline. Years after this 
event, George Dewey paid a visit to Major Pangborn at 
his home in Boston. Speaking one day of those early 
experiences in Vermont, Dewey said to his former tutor: 
"I shall never cease to be gratefnl to you. You made a 
man of me. But for that thrashing you gave me in 
Montpelier, I should proliably have been, ere this, in State 
prison." Dewey was at this time a young lieutenant in 
the Navy, and the chum of Major Pangborn's brother, 
who was also a naval officer. The two spent much time 
at Major Pangborn's home, and Dewey is always spoken 
of as "one of our boys." Pangborn says that this is the 
only recorded instance in which George Dewey was ever 
beaten in battle. His former schoolmates, however, tell a 
different story, and while all concede that he was rarely 
ever beaten in a contest single-handed, it not infrequently 
happened that the odds were against him and he often 
went home "the worse for wear." 

Dewey's early associates are not pleased with Major 
Pangborn's boasts of victoi-y over their former school- 
mate and friend, and many of them to-day assert that 



76 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



the pedagogue would have had much the worst of the 
battle had the contest been even-handed without weapons. 
Though Pangborn was a light-weight, Dewey was little 
move than a child, and even lighter in weight and 
smaller in stature than the teacher who punished him. 
Doctor Dewey sustained the teacher in his punishment 
of the lad, from a sense of duty. He himself had once 
taught school, and knew the importance of discipline. 
He also knew that to take issue with the teacher on the 
action referred to, meant the destruction of all discipline 
in that school for the balance of the term. But, after 
dismissing the boy, the teacher was taken into Doctor 
Dewey's library, where for more than one hour the two 
were closeted in secret conference, the purport of which 

can only be surmi.sed. 
It is said, however, that 
Pangborn's whip-and- 
club method for the 
maintenance of school 
discipline was imme- 
diately discontinued. 
This part of the story 
j\Iajor Pangl)orn does 
not relate. 

George Dewey, as a 
young boy, was not un- 
like other boys of liis 
own circle of acquaint- 
ances ; but he was al- 
ways the chosen leader 




GEORGE DEWEY'S FIRST PUNISHMENT 



J 



A HAPPY BOYHOOD 77 

in their games or sports. Elsewhere in this work are 
told stories and anecdotes of his childhood and youth, all 
going to illustrate a character which the passage of years 
has but intensified and strengthened. As a child he 
played marbles, swapped knives with the other boys, 
played mumble-te-peg. jacks, four-old-cat, hide and seek, 
and all the other games known to Young America in 
that day and generation. But one thing was notice- 
able. His kite would fly a little the highest, he was a 
trifle the best shot at marbles, his hand a little steadier 
than the others at the game of jacks; and when some 
one was wanted to take the lead in anything, from play- 
ing truant to go nutting, to the running away from 
school to go in swimming, it was the future Admiral 
who was called upon to head the procession. 

And so his life was spent till he was fourteen years 
of age, when he followed the dominie who had so 
soundly trounced him in the village school to a private 
school which he established about this time in a neigh- 
boring village. But George was not contented with the 
quiet life which his family had led, and yearned for 
something more exciting. It was this spirit which led 
him, one year later, to pi-evail upon his father to send 
him to the military academy since known as Norwich 
University, then located at Norwich, Vt.. but which has 
since been moved to Northfield in the same State. Here 
he was prepared for West Point, but here, too, he acquired 
a liking for the naval branch of the government service, 
and, after much efl'ort. succeeded in obtaining the per- 
mission of his father to enter the Naval Academy at 



78 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



Annapolis. A schoolmate of his at Norwich named George 
Spaulding also wished to enter the Naval Academy, and 
it so happened that Spaulding secured the appointment 
to the vacancy then existing to the credit of the State of 
Vermont, while George Dewey was certified as alternate. 
But. as is often the case, the alternate entered the class, 
and George Spaulding became a preacher of the Gospel in 
Syracuse, N. Y., and is reported to have preached an elo- 
quent discourse to an interested congregation, May 15, 
1898, on the subject of his former schoolmate's great 
naval victory. 



^eace 




? m 



Ular 




tUept ■^ovxit and Huct^ort Bivcr. 



Y'^^ 



CHAPTER IV 
NORIVICH UNIVERSITY 

PREPARATORY SCHOOL OF THE ADMIRAL -A "NURSERY OF 
HEROES" -SKETCH OF ITS FOUNDER AND OF GEORGE 
DEWEY'S PRECEPTOR 

OEwicH University, of Northfield, 
Vt., sometimes called "the luirs- 
eiy of heroes," which has always 
been poor and struggling, never 
having had a cent of endowment, 
was founded in LSI!) by Captain 
Alden Partridge. He graduated 
from West Point in 1S06, served 
there as professor of mathematics 
and of engineering, and in 1816- 
17 was in command of the acad- 
emy. A man of arbitrary will and independent views, 
he became at odds with his superiors, and in ISIS re- 
signed his commission. He then established at Norwich, 
Vt., his birthplace, the "American Literary, Sciciitific, and 

(7!t) 




She ©Idllavy Jmlding. UlafiUingtoa. 



80 LIFE OF ADMllJAL DEWEY 

Military Academy," which retained this name until 1834, 
when it was incorporated Norwich University. Its build- 
ings at Norwich were destroyed by fire in 1S66. and the 
university was removed to Northfield, Vt., on account of 
inducements offered by the citizens of the latter place. 
Captain Partridge was president of the institution until 
1843, and was succeeded by Colonel Truman B. Ransom, 
who resigned his chair to command the Ninth (New Eng- 
land) Regiment in the War with Mexico. The latter fell 
at the head of his regiment in the assault on Chapultepec, 
his last words being, '"Forward the Ninth!" 

Of Norwich. University it may be said, as Daniel 
Webster said of Dartmouth, " It is a small college, but 
there are those who love it," and its record in the 
country's military and naval annals is one of which its 
alumni may well be proud. General Sherman in paying 
a public tribute to one of its cadets spoke of "Norwich 
University, then, as since, a college of great i-enown." 
and said: '"This military school at one time almost 
rivaled the National Military Academy at West Point, 
and there, many a man who afterwards liecame famous 
in the ]\lexican War and Civil War. dnink in the in- 
spiration of patriotism and learned the lessons of the 
art of war, which enabled him, out of unorganized 
masses of men, to make compact companies, regiments, 
and brigades of soldiers, to act as a single body in the 
great game of war." More than five hundred of the 
graduates and past cadets have served in the Army or 
Navy, and many have gained high rank or been con- 
spicuous for gallant and meritorious services. A roll of 



NORWICH UNIVERSITY SB 

honor recently compiled includes the names of live 
hundred and twenty-one past cadets who have served 
the Hag of their country, and shows that the university 
has furnished to the army six majoi'-generals, eight 
brigadier-generals, two surgeon-generals, fourteen colonels 
and brevet brigadier-generals, thirty-five colonels, thirty- 
four lieutenant-colonels, twenty-four majors, ten majors 
and surgeons, seven captains and assistant surgeons, one 
hundred and fifty-five captains, sixty-eight first lieuten- 
ants, and twenty-three second lieutenants. To the Navy 
it has sujiplied one admiral, four rear-admirals, h\o com- 
modores, three captains, one chaplain, three commanders, 
one lieutenant-commander, and eight lieutenants. 

Admiral Dewey is the second cadet of Norwich Uni- 
versity to command the Asiatic squadron, the first being 
Rear-Admiral Charles C. Carpenter, who was in charge 
of the squadron during the war lietween China and 
Japan. Still earlier a past-cadet attracted attention on 
the Pacific Ocean, this being Commodore Josiah Tattnall, 
first of the United States and then of the Confederate 
navy, who in 1857 aided the English vessels in their en- 
gagement with the Chinese at Pei-ho, and explained his 
act by the famous saying : •' Blood is thicker than water." 
At its last commencement the university conferred tlie 
degree of Master of Military science upon Admiral 
Dewey, he being the first recipient of it in the last 
fifty years. 

Among its reiiresentatives in the Navy, besides those 
already mentioned, have been Rear-Admirals lliiam 
Paulding and Charles S. Boggs, Pay-Director William 



84 



LIFE OF AD.MU^AL DEWFY 




CAPTAIN ALDEN PARTRIDGE 
Founder of Norwich University 



B. Hoggs, Captain 
George M. Colvo- 
coresses, Com- 
mander George 
A. Converse, and 
Captain James H. 
Ward, who is said 
to have been the 
first naval officer 
killed in the Civil 
War, being shot 
on June 27. ISGl, 
while sighting a 
gun. in the attack 
of his gunboat 
tlotilla on !Mat- 
thias Point. The 
list of past-cadets 
in the Army in- 
cludes Brevet 
Major-Geueral 
Thomas E.G. Tran- 
som (son of Colonel Truman B. Ransom), who died while 
leading the Seventeenth Corps in the pursuit of Hood, and 
was ranked by both Grant and Sherman as among the 
ablest of their volunteer generals; Major-General Kobert 
11. Milioy. who. after gallant service in the Mexican War, 
distinguished him.seli' in the Civil War. and at Winchester. 
Va., in command of the Second Division, p]ighth Corps, 
resisted nearly the whole of Lee's army for three days. 



NORWICH UNIVEKtSlTY 85 

until his ammunition and provisions were exhausted, and 
then cut his way out l)y night; Major-General Grenville M. 
Dodge, who commanded the Sixteenth Corps in Sherman's 
Georgia campaign, and at Atlanta, where he was severely 
wounded, with eleven regiments withstood a whole army 
corps; Brigadier-General F. W. Lander, who died early 
in the Civil War, after brilliant services at Philippi, Rich 
Mountain, Blooming Gap, and elsewhere ; Brevet Major- 
General Truman Seymour, who served with high credit 
in both the Mexican and Civil wars, and led a division 
in the Shenandoah Valley and the Richmond campaign ; 
Brigadier-General Seth Williams, also a Mexican veteran, 
who was adjutant-general of the Army of the Potomac; 
and so many others who attained distinction that space 
forbids a continuance of the roll. Among the military 
representatives of Norwich in the war with Spain may be 
mentioned Brigadier-General E. B. Williston and Colonel 
Edmund Rice, of whom General Miles recently wrote 
that he "had the best regiment in the Army of the 
Potomac." 

The present head of the university is a retired naval 
officer, Commander Allan D. Brown. The United States 
Government details an officer from the active list of the 
army for duty as professor of military science and tactics, 
and sends an inspecting officer to make a yearly examin- 
ation of the discipline and drill. Small as the college is. 
and remote from large cities, associations of its alumni 
are maintained in Boston and New York. The officers of 
the New York Alumni Association are as follows : Presi- 
dent, Grenville M. Dodge, '5o ; vice-presidents, Cyrus H. 



^1^^ 




86 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

' Fay, '87 ; Clayton E. Rich, '63 ; Wil- 
f %^ liam R. Mead, '64 ; William M. Rum- 

baugh, 76 ; secretary and treasurer, 
Robert L. Irish, '89. 

From an excellent article by N. 
L. Sheldon in the New England Mag- 
azine for March 181)9, we learn many 
most interesting facts about this 
justly celebrated educational insti- 
EDWARD BOURNS tutiou, aud WO have drawn upon it 

President of Norw.ch University, for a portlou of the remainder of 

1850-1865 

this chapter. 
In September 1850, Reverend Edward Bourns, LL.D., 
became president of the university. Doctor Bourns was 
born in Dublin, Ireland, and had secured his educa- 
tion at Trinity College. Dublin, having taken the degree 
of B. A. in 1833. He came to this country in 1837, 
and was for several years professor of ancient lan- 
guages at Ilobart College. He was a man of peace by 
profession, and better versed in canon law than in cannon 
balls. It may seem strange that a military college 
should have, a clerical head, but it is well, perhaps, to 
maintain an equilibrium of forces. " There was plenty 
of latent fire among the cadets, and they were ready 
at any time to explode, like so many cans of nitro- 
glycerine ; but the cassock generally kept the mastery of 
the Cossack, and the science of war was peacefully pur- 
sued.'' Certain it is that the ])()ys would have as soon 
thought of bearding a lion in his den as the doctor in 
his study. 



NORWICH UNIVERSITY 87 

One of his former pupils has recently said of him: — 

Dr. Bourns was no ordinary man. 'I'lio intrinsic force, native 
shrewdness, and g'enial kindness of liis nature made him i^enerally 
respected and admired. He was a man of learning and acumen. He 
was a voluminous, careful, and exhaustive reader, yet never at any 
time in his addresses, in conversation, or in discussion, did he betray 
the consequence of the pedant, or assume to be other than a sincere 
inquirer after truth. The doctor had never belonged to a military 
organization, but somehow he had accpured the swinging stride of 
the modern soldier, and in his best days at Norwich it was a pleasant 
and invitjoratinof sieht to see him take a constitutional across the 
parade. When standing erect, his height was six feet two inches, 
with a framework — a breadth of shouhler, a development of muscle, 
and massive limbs — in equal proportions. He endeared himself to 
the members of the corps of cadets by his eminent attainments, his 
kindly sympathy, his delicate and incisive wit. It has been truly 
said that no one ever entered the doctor's presence on the briefest 
errand who did not depart wiser than he came. 

Associated with Doctor Bourns during this period was 
General Alonzo Jackman, LL.D., as professor of military 
science, mathematics, and civil engineering. General Jack- 
man was born at Thetford, Vt., in ISOiJ, graduated from 
Norwich University at its first commencement in LS86 
with the degree of B. A., and spent most of his life in her 
service. He was for several years brigade drill- master of 
the New Hampshire militia. In 1S59 he M'as commis- 
sioned colonel of the Second Vermont Infantry, and the 
same year became brigadier-general of the State troops. 
At the beginning of the war of the States. Governor Fair- 
banks offered him any i^osition in his power to grant, 
but earnestly requested him in these words to remain 
with the university: '"There is a duty, a very patriotic 




88 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

duty for you to perform; that is to 

remain at the Military College and 

• s. qualify young men for duty as offi- 

; cers ; and thus you will do your 

^^ State the best service." Like a true 

. soldier he stayed where duty called 

him. inspected and got into readi- 
ness the old militia, organized new 
companies and regiments, and sent 
out cadet officers to drill companies 
in different parts of the State, as 

GENERAL ALONZO JACKMAN 

Instructor of George Dewey In he was uotified of their fonnatiou. 

Kegimental officers from different 
States Avent to him for instruction at the university. 
To his skill and energy is due the efficient manner in 
which the Vermont troops were sent forward to the 
seat of war. Much honor is due him for the result of 
his work on behalf of the State of Vermont. His indus- 
try was untiring, and his clear, precise, thorough instruc- 
tions to officers and men were of great value to them in 
service. He was a close student and every inch a sol- 
dier. His delight was in mathematics, in which he ex- 
celled, and he was thoroughly conversant with the natural 
sciences. He Avas thoroughly in earnest in whatever he 
undertook. "Gentlemen," he would say. "you see this dot 
in the centre of the circle ? It begins to grow smaller — 
grows smaller — smaller — it vanishes!" One held his breath 
at "vanishes" on account of the tragical way in which he 
said it, with upturned face and flashing eye. Then came 
further explanation, wound up with this characteristic 



NORWICH UNIVEKSITY 89 

expression : " I have now introduced you to tlie very 
poetry of mathematics." 

The period from 1850 to 1860 was particularly produc- 
tive of cadets who have since distinguished themselves in 
both war and peace. "The university domain of this 
time," says a member of the class of '54, "comprised the 
North and South Barracks, the former being for commons 
and indoor drill, literary exercises, and church services on 
Sundays; the latter, for barracks and attendant purposes. 
The Congregational Church was just across the common, 
in front of the North Barracks, and the northerly side 
of the square. The parade ground was in front, extend- 
ing to the street, and the tall Hag-staff, with topmast and 
cross-trees, stood on the western edge. The barracks were 
of brick, four stories, truncated roof, with passageways 
running the length of each floor. The president's room 
and headquarters were on this floor, also the library, with 
cabinets, etc. General Jackman's room was on the sec- 
ond passage, immediately over the entrance. The large 
recitation room was over this, and in it were read morn- 
ing and evening prayers. The armory was the centre 
front of the fourth passage. Roll-calls were had in this 
second passage, the right resting on the north. The 
rooms were practically alike; numerous chimneys pro- 
vided each pair of adjoining rooms with fireplaces, or 
later, with opportunity for stoves, the space between the 
chimney, passage, and outer wall lieing for closets. — thus 
offering one unbroken side to each apartment. These 
rooms were all whitewashed with a tint known by the 
cadets as 'brindle.' There were no bedsteads, mattresses, 



90 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

or carpets. A wooden bunk, three feet wide, with slat 
bottom, held the blankets and recumbent cadet, and was 
turned up against the wall before morning inspection. 
Over the bunk was the gun rack, with wooden pegs, on 
which were suspended the musket and equipments. Over 
the front door, and between the centre window and that 
next to the south, were the cabalistic letters, scrawled 
in chalk, but somehow always kept fresh, however often 
they were erased : — 

B. E. D. 
& 

E. M. 

— the first letter having originally been P. and then R., and 
finally, in our day. B. Tliis was understood by the initi- 
ated to mean, ' Bourns (Partridge, Ransom) Expels Devils 
and Educates Men ' ; although the cynics sometimes re- 
versed the translation so as to provide for the education 
of devils and the expulsion of men. The cadet uniform 
was the claw-hammer drill coat with three rows of cadet 
buttons, dark blue pants with two-inch black velvet stripe 
down the seam, 'bell muzzle,' high, blue cloth cap with 
gold band ; for undress, the single-breasted frock, soft 
blue cap witli velvet band and the letters N. U. in a gold 
wreath in front ; white trousers were worn in summer. 
The old rtint-lock, twelve-pound Springfield musket was 
used ; the text-book was ' Scott's Infantry Tactics.' " 

The strictest order did not always reign at Norwich 
Plain, nor was it always quiet on the Connecticut. From 
time immemorial, that is to say from the fouudation of 
the university, a feud liad raged between the cadets and 



NOKVVICH UNIVERSITY 



91 



the students at Dartmouth, across the river. Many raids 
and encounters had taken place, in regard to which 
tradition had much to say. 

The cadets were inferior in numbers to their classical 
antagonists, but they were filled with martial ardor and 
utterly unwilling to admit that the stylus is mightier 
than the sword. The prevailing opinion among them 




A CADET-OFFICER'S ROOM AT NORWICH UNIVERSITY 



seemed to be that Dartmouth must be destroyed. The 
discipline of the university prevented the attempt by 
any well-organized expedition to accomplish this favorite 
object. Imt it was not sufficient to restrain individual 
cadets from hostile incursions into the enemy's country. 
Bristling with daggei's and revolvers, which they never 
had a serious thought of using, it is said that two or 
three together would cross the river at night, either by 



92 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

In'idge or boat, and parade the streets of Hanover, or 
penetrate even to '"Tempe's pleasant vale," with a 
marked disregard of the dangers they incurred. Fre- 
quently they succeeded in provoking hostilities, and then 
they displayed the gallantry which afterward distin- 
guished them upon larger fields. When greatly out- 
numbered, as they usually were, they would fall back 
to the river with a celerity to which Xenophon's famous 
retreat furnishes no parallel. If they discovered that the 
bridge was disputed they took to l)oats, or if these were 
not to be found, a flank movement up or down the 
river to a fording place was executed in a masterly 
manner, and the barracks gained some time before re- 
veille. The casualties were always few, but the fun and 
glory were considerable. On one of those quiet escapades 
a cadet returned to the barracks with his coat very 
much " ripped-up-the-back." This was considered a suf- 
ficient casus hi'lli, and an encounter followed on the 
Dartmouth side of the Connecticut, which tradition calls 
the "Battle of Torn Coats," wherein the cadets, although 
greatly outnuml)ered. gained a decisive victory. 

For many years commencements were held in the 
old Congregational Church, but in 1S53 difliculties be- 
tween town and gown culminated. The faculty were of 
the Episcopal faith in an orthodox community, and the 
church was refused. In a delightful dell in the woods 
just back of the town a platform was erected, draped 
with flags, and flanked by the two shining cannons then 
just allotted the institution, and liere a vcj-y pleasant 
commencement was held. But '"a spirit of reprisal was 



NORWICH UNIVERSITY 93 

engendered among the cadets, evidenced l^y Frary's old 
white horse found by the sexton one Sunday morning 
in the main aisle of the church ; by the village bier 
chained to the elm in front of Benjamin Burton's, with 
the deacon's effigy suspended above, and kindred pranks. 
A truce was called, amity succeeded, and thereafter the 
church was at our disposal." 

■'A notable event of those days was the visit to 
Fort Ticonderoga. By rail to Winooski, just out of 
Burlington, marching up the hill, topping its crest to 
look down upon the city and beautiful Lake Champlain; 
forming around Ethan Allen's grave in the cemetery on 
the hill, and marching to quarters in town, the observed 
of all ; the trip down the lake on the Fnn/ci.s Salf/fs, the 
occupancy of Ticonderoga, and our reception along the 
line were things to evoke pleasant memories after 
the lapse of many years. The formation was a battalion 
of four companies, with Major (afterwards General) Jack- 
man in command. The same year we went, by invita- 
tion, to Claremont, N. H., on Jul}' 4, and gave an 
exhibition drill." 

It was amid such surroundings, in the fifties, and 
under the principal instruction of Doctor Edward Bourns 
and (leneral Alonzo Jackman. that a long list of heroic 
men, some of whom have served their country with 
distinction in two conflicts, drank in the first ins])ira- 
tions of war. A member of the class of '.r2 has recently 
remarked: "I believe, and the belief grows upon me, 
that no institution of New England at this time offered 
better oppoi'tunities for a complete education. " The 



94 LTFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

cadet roster of those clays contains uumy names which 
have since been written high up on the scroll of fame, 
seeming to bear out the truth of the above statement. 

At this time, no chapter on Norwich Fniversity could 
even approach completeness, without some particular 
mention of Admiral Dewey's cadetship there. It was 
in the fall of iN.Jl, after having received some special 
preparati(m at Johnson (Vermont) Academy, that George 
Dewey became a cadet at Norwich University, where he 
remained more than three years. His father was anxious 
to give his children the best educational advantages pos- 
sible, and his attention was called to Norwich University 
as an institution giving a thorough mental and physical 
training. Soon after his son entered. Doctor Dewey be- 
came an active trustee. He was succeeded in iSfiS liy his 
son. the Honorable Charles Dewey, Admiral Dewey's eldest 
brother. 

A member of the class of 1855 has recently said of 
young Dewey : " We have always called him ' Doc ' Dewey. 
I suppose it was because his father was a phj'siciau. He 
was tlie first to drill me in squad drill after I entered 
the old South Barracks. He became proficient in drill 
and was captain of my companj' when we went to Bur- 
lington and Ticonderoga. He was as full of fun as an 

egg is full of meat, and he and 'Bill E ' were the 

most popular cadets. His room was a poi)ular resort 
for us, when olT duty. Doctor Dewey had no bad (|uali- 
ties. He was a manly fellow and fond of music. ]\Iany 
a time have we congregated in Dewey's room and sung 
'Old South liarracks. Oh!' lie was the -pink of neat- 



I 



NORWICH UNIVERSITY 97 

ness' in his dress. His father, then an active trustee, 
frequently called at the barracks. He once asked me if 
George was studying, and if T thought he would gradu- 
ate, and I was able to inform him that he would sureh* 
graduate. He took a conspicuous part in the 'Battle of 
Torn Coats.' We always felt safe when Doc. Dewey was 
with us. Well do I remember the day he was notified 
of his appointment at Annapolis, and our regret at his 
leaving us." 

In the summer of IS-jS the faculty succeeded in pro- 
curing from the State two 6-pound field pieces, with lim- 
bers, to replace the cumbrous and antiquated iron cannon 
in use at that time. The story of how they were taken 
from the railway .station to the parade ground is told in 
Cadet K 's diary as follows: — 

Thursday. July 21. 1853. We have had an exciting time this 
afternoon. The new g-uns arrived bv the mornin<j train, and we 
took the old ])ieces down and drew the new ones to ([uarters. They 
are United States brass (i-pounders. fully equipped for service, and 
as they rest in position in front of the South Barracks, covered with 
their tarpaulins, present quite an imposing aspect. It was a tedious 
job removing them from the car. . . . Unloaded and limbered 
up. Ainsworth and Munson chose squads to draw them to the parade. 
I chanced to be in Ainsworth's squad. We lined up. the men at 
their places, with bricoles attached, and started quietly enough for 
the long, hard pull. Ainsworth's squad at this time conceived the 
idea of taking the lead, but as Munson's squad had the road ahead 
and we were at the side and in sandy gutters, it was doubtful how 
we were to do it. They started off with a fine spurt, gettint; a big 
lead; going up the hill where the road was broader we steadily 
gained until only the lenorth of the trail in the rear: then we gath- 
ered and started on a run. passinsj and keeping' the lead, with cheers 
and o-reat glee. Climbing the hill we proceeded more slowly, 



!)8 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



Munson quietly in the rear, on our way round the North Barracks 
and then through the usual gateway to position. 




V / 



'C^, JkuaujMiuujuu.^^ 



K 



f-ps'Ttrrrrmsr 



a 






r 




DEWEY HALL — SHOWING PART OF THE INTERIOR 



As we entered the villag'e, near the southeast corner of the 
parade, we noticed Munson 's s(juad, apparently under the lead of 
Dewey, making for a short cut across the grounds, first breaking 



NORWICH UNIVERSITY <l'.» 

down the fence for passag-e. Now our efforts were redoul)lecl. and 
the boys of the other squad declare that they never saw fellows 
run as we ran, or expect to see a i;uu jump as that (i-jiounder 
bounded along the main street and around the corner. But we 
led ; round the North liarracks at double-quick went gun and 
gun squad, entered the Ijarrack yard and placed the gun in ])Osi- 
tion before the west front of the South Barracks, giving three 
cheers for No. 1, to the chagrin cif No. 2, just approaching posi- 
tion. ... It was a great race and pleased the faculty exceed- 
ingly. . . . 

It is plainly to be seen that Dewey retains his old 
predilection for a straight cut without regard to obstacles, 
caring no more for Corregidor and the mines in the 
harbor of Manila than for the fence guarding the uni- 
versity parade, or the sacred tui'f of the inclosure. in 
the race for position with the guns at Norwich Univer- 
sity in lS5o. 

Immediately after the battle of IManila, friends of 
Norwich University started a popular movement to raise 
funds with which to build an addition to that institu- 
tion, to be called Dewey Hall. The State legislature was 
asked for an appropriation to further the project, and a 
letter was addressed to George Dewey, asking his ap- 
proval of the enterprise. To this letter he replied as 
follows: — 

My Deak Sir: — Replying to your letter of August 2 last. I 
have great jileasure in statinij; tliat in my opinion results have shown 
the excellent training young men have received at the Norwich 
University. 

That the university is well worthy the fostering care of the 
State goes without saying, and 1 trust the legislature nuiy sec its 
way clear to vote some substantial assistance. 



inO LIFK OF ADMIKAL DKWKV 

Notliiii''' tlie State coiilil luiw iln for me would irive me greater 
pleasure. ^ «-»ry truly yours, 

Gk()I!GE 1)i:\vi:v, 

Rear-Adiniral, U. S. N. 

Ground wa.s l)roken for Dewey Hall on the Univer- 
sity campus on Dewey Day. May 1, 1S99. Impressive 
ceremonies were held, in which members of the Admiral's 
family and many distinguished persons from the New 
England States participated. Captain Clark of the Ore- 
(jdH. himself a son of Vermont, was one of the speakers 
of the occasion. 

Our illustration of the building is a copy of the ele- 
vation drawing of the architect. In style the building 
is to be a simple adaptation of the classic, the detail 
being Greek. Effect is sought by the careful proportion- 
ing of masses without elaborate ornamentation. Al)ove 
the entrance door will be placed some symbol emlile- 
matic of the Navy, and on either side will l)e tablets 
for appropriate inscriptions. The predominating feature 
of the design is the central hall, which is open from 
floor to dome. Opposite the entrance door a grand stair- 
case will lead to a gallery at the second Moor level, 
from which access may l)e had to the surrounding rooms. 
Upon the walls there will be ample spaces for memorial 
tablets iiiid framed historic docunients. In the centre of 
this liall, in front of the staircase, and in view from the 
entrance, the wings, and the galleiy. will l)e placed a 
statue of Admiral Dewey. Dewey Hail will lie an im- 
posing structure, and a lifting menioriiil to a worthy 
example of the I niversity's gi-aduates. 



Vi ia* $i. ijifi^^ip 




"■p^'a-^p'^aspfeawasl;. , 






;*''.■■. 




CHAPTER V 
THE N.-H'AL AC.-IDEMY 

DEWEY AT ANNAPOLIS-CADET LIFE AND DISCIPLINE-A CRIT- 
ICAL PERIOD IN THE NATION'S HISTORY 

Ieorge Dewey entered the Naval 
Academy in the freshman class 
of 1854, at the age of seventeen, 
and iiroved to l)e one of the very 
brightest students in the class. 
His preparation at Norwich Uni- 
versity had been a thorough one, 
and he passed the entrance ex- 
amination without trouble. But 
this examination is a hard one, 
and a lad less determined than 
the embryo hero of Manila would have failed to pass it. 
Every candidate must show his ability to write legibly and 
rapidly and to read correctly. He must be able to spell 
properly, and is required to prove his (laalitications in this 

(101) 







^W'« 

iXKc glait-lUiuise, iVuuo-polis. 



102 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

respect by writing from dictation. In arithmetic proficiency 
is required in numbers, common and decimal fractions, 
ratio and proportion, the solution of problems based on the 
measurement of rectangular surfaces and solids, in square 
root and cube root, in percentage, interest, and discount. 
A tliorough knowledge of arithmetic is required in every 
liraiich: for. having obtained admission to the Academv. 



j 

i 

I 


r 

■ 

Naval Scliool 
Founded October lOth, 1S^5, 

JAMES K. POLK, 

President of the U. States. 

GEO. BANCROFT. 

Ser rotary of tlie Navy. 







TABLET IN COMMEMORATION OF OCTOBER 10, 1845 

the candidate finds that all his time will be required for 
higher mathematics. There is an examination in algebra 
of an elementary character, but the candidate must have 
its fundamental rules well grounded in his mind. In Eng- 
lish grammar the candidate must be able to define the 
parts of speech and the rules bearing on them, at the 
same time showing conclusively that he comprehends and 
grasps the subject ; he must also parse correctly. The series 



THF] NAVAL ACADEMY lor) 

of questions he is required to answer cover orthograph}'. 
etymology, and syntax thoroughly. In geography, the 
main questions are based on our own country, but the 
examination requires definitions which call for a com- 
plete and specific knowledge of the principles of geo- 
graphy, and the lad trying for admission cannot know too 
much about the United States. In history, the candidate 
will find that if he has not slighted his schoolbooks he 
will be at home in the examination. Of course he must 
be well acquainted with the history of his own country. 
He must know something about the colonial wars, causes 
of the Revolution, about the Navigation and Stamp Acts, 
writs of assistance, the names of battles and commanding 
officers, witli results of battles, and leading events. He 
must be alile to tell something about the Constitution of 
the United States ; how it was formed and adopted, and 
name all the Presidents of the United States. All this 
and more is required of every candidate for admission to 
the Annapolis Naval Academy. Tlie l)oy of whom we 
write passed the examination with credit to himself, and 
with many points to spare, and was admitted to the school 
as a fourth classman, and entered upon his duties. 

In the first year of his cadetship at the academy 
we find George Dewey perfecting himself in history — 
Grecian. Roman, and European — and historical geography. 
Algelira and geometry were also among his fii-st year's 
subjects, while he was drilled thoroughly in English 
grammar, the rules of punctuation, and the division of 
words into syllables. That he miglit become the lietter 
prepared for the second year's work, he was rei|uir<Ml 



IOC. 



LIFE OF ADMIKAL DEWEY 



to take a course in French, and is said to have been 
an unusually apt pupil in the language. 

The first year of a cadet's life at the academy is a 
trying one to most boys. The first thing one must get 
accustomed to is being looked down upon and treated 
with all sorts of rough usage from the liigher-class men. 




QUARTERS FOR THE SICK AT THE NAVAL ACADEMY 

A "plc'lie" is often hazed out of the school discouraged. 
But that was not the case with the (ireen Mountain boy 
from Montpeliei'. Many hoys s(|iiirni under the severe 
discipline of the academy : l)ut by George Dewey it was 
accepted as a matter of course. It was nothing new for 
him to l)e called e;iily in tlic morning, and the morning 



THE NAVAL ACADEMY 



107 



inspection of quarters is said to have ahvaj's found his 
room in a scrupulously neat condition ; the mirror was as 
clean as soaj), water, and the chamois skin could make it, 
while his student lamp and study table were not only 




LIBRARY BUILDINGS, NAVAL ACADEMY, ANNAPOLIS 



clean, but in a condition which plainly showed they were 
there for use rather than for ornament. In one corncM- 
of his room there was a shelf well hlled with books, and 
when the future Admiral was not engaged in the study 
of his lessons, or busy in the recitation room or on the 



108 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

common at drill, he could have been found in his room 
with a copj' of some standard work by a Avell-known 
author open before him. Not that he was not fond of 
outdoor life and gymnasium exercise ; l)oth were required 
as a part of the regular routine of the school ; but Dewey 
was known among the cadets as a man who was there 
for a purpose higher than the mere getting of a com- 
mission to enable him to wear a fine uniform and earn 
an easy livelihood in the service of the government. His 
was a loftier aim than that; he sought to excel in every- 
thing he undertook. George Dewey was at Annapolis for 
the purpose of acquiring a knowledge which would enable 
him to serve his country in time of peace, and defend it 
in time of war. That he might be prepared to perform 
that service well, he sought the special education which 
was afforded only at the Naval Academy. But he was 
there for work, and his associates all knew it. Obeying 
orders was one of his characteristics. This he learned at 
the academy, and the discipline and painstaking care 
with which every move was made and every shot fired 
in Manila Bay on that eventful Sunday of May 1, 1898. is 
hut an evidence of the great value of tliat same rigid 
accounting to wliich every student is held who enters 
the academy at Annapolis, and which has given to the 
United States Navy the best-trained officers of any navy 
in the world. 

The daily routine of cadet life at Annapolis accounts 
for every hour of time from (;:()(» .\. M. till 1U:(I0 P.M.. 
as follows: 6:t)(), morning gun iind i-cvcille : ('):4.'"i. roll call 
and priiyiM's: 7:0(1. breakfast; 7:80. sick call; 7:')(>. call to 



THE NAVAL ACADEMY 



111 



studies; 8:2(5 to 12:45, recitations; 1:10 P.M., dinner; 2:00 
to 8:50, recitations; 4:05, drill; 5:15, recall; 5:20. evening 
roll call and parade; 6:80, supper; 7: 15, gymnasium ; 7:80 
to S:00, evening studies; 9:30. gun tire and tattoo: 10:0(1, 
taps (lights out). This routine is subject to slight changes 




SUPERINTENDENT'S RESIDENCE, NAVAL ACADEMY, ANNAPOLIS 



during the different seasons of the year. On arising in 
the morning, the cadet makes his own l)ed and gets his 
room in order. He then forms with his classmates for 
breakfast, and the battalion formation is inspected by the 
officer in charge. A report of the previous day is read, 
and the chaplain reads a chapter from the Bible, wbich 



11-2 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

is followed by prayer. Two cadets of the first class are 
appointed daily to act as officers of the day, and when 
acting in that capacity they have no drills or recitations; 
they have other important dnties to perform, however, and 
throughout the academy the rules of work and discipline 




SEAMANSHIP ROOM AT THE NAVAL ACADEMY 



are quite as severe as they are on shipboard during a 
cruise. 

15ut it must not be thought that life at the academy 
is ail work and restrictions, for that is not the case. A 
graduate of the school. Iiimself a classmate of Admiral 




D.-S 



THE NAVAL ACADEMY 115 

George Dewey, writing of Annapolis life, says: "There is 
liberty, and plenty of it. There is fun by the fathom. 
Some of it may be considered a part of the regular 
routine, but it is jjleasure just the same; for what could 
be more enjoyal)le than a boat drill under sail out upon 
the broad water.s of the Chesapeake? If the breeze be 
fresh, there is plenty of excitement in it, and rivalry is 
encouraged, and spurs on to perfection. Every cadet 
must know how to i>ull an oar and handle a small 
boat under sail. He must have occupied every place in 
a boat from that of bowman to coxswain huddled in his 
little box ; and mighty clever oarsmen do these light, 
slender lads develop into, and the way they can jump 
a big twelve-oared cutter through the water is remark- 
able. But they have other sports which are enjoyed in 
common by every American schoollioy and collegian. 
The rowing clubs possess paper shells and picked crews 
that compete with rowing associations and colleges, and. 
while all the time for practice in football, baseball, and 
track athletics must be taken from their scanty recrea- 
tion hours, the cadets from the Naval Academy have 
proven themselves worthy opponents of the larger uni- 
versities. When George Dewey was at the academy 
there was an annual contest on the gridiron between 
teajns from Annapolis and West Point, although he never 
himself participated except as a spectator; but Uncle 
Sam's managers stepped in. a few years ago. and stopped 
this sport, so far as the contest between the two schools 
was concerned, and thus spoiled as interesting a fight as 
one could wish to see. But it was probably better so." 



lie. 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



Before the close of his first year in tlie academy. 
George Dewey had added to his curriculum the Spanish 
and Gez'mau languages, botli of which he found useful to 
him when dealing with the authorities in Manila Bay. 
His skill as a diplomat has often been commended ; but 
it should be understood that during his four years at 




LOVERS' LANE, NAVAL ACADEMY GROUNDS 

Annaiiolis he was tliorouglily schooled in constitutional 
law as a part of the n^guhir course of study. During 
his second year he added to his list of studies sucii sul)- 
jects as trigonometry. h»gic, themes, physics, and mechan- 
ical drawing; these, in addition to those undertaken on 
entrance to the academy. Later in this year he was also 



THE NAVAL ACADEMY 117 

required to take up chemistry, analytical geometry, and 
English literature; and as the years went by the course 
of study became more and more difficult. Physics, marine 
engines and boilers, differential calculus, integral calculus, 
astronomy, the science of mechanics and electricity, were 
added during the third year of the course. The fourth 
and last year included, in addition to all the others enum- 
erated, classes in seamanship, naval construction, naval 
tactics, fleet organization, signaling in every code, squad- 
ron evolutions ; ordnance instruction, the elastic strength 
of guns, effect of powder on guns, the manufacture of 
gunpowder, etc. ; infantry tactics, gunnery, theory and 
practice of navigation, method of least squares, applied 
mechanics, gun carriages, ammunition, theory of the devia- 
tion of the compass, hydrographic surveying, international 
law. physiology and hygiene, machinery designing, heat 
and analytical chemistry. When this course of instruc- 
tion is considered, it ceases to be a wonder that the man 
wdio could master it all, and graduate at the close of the 
course with the honors of his class, could enter the Bay 
of Manila and destroy a fleet of vessels before breakfast. 
And yet every graduate of the Annapolis Academy has 
passed through the same general course of study as did 
George Dewey, and there are doubtless many among the 
numlier who would have accomplished the same feat, 
in naval warfare, as did he. hud the oiiiioi-tunity ever 
presented itself. 

The one sin which the discipline of the Aiiiuii)olis 
Academy would never overlook or condone was that of 
lying. The cadet who was inclined to falsehood rarely 



118 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



ever remained in the Academy to the end of the course. 
And that is why the officers of the American Navy 
always look you in the eye when talking with you on 
any subject. They are themselves open and aboveboard 
with everything, antl they expect you to be the same 
with tlipin. It is the prevaricator who cannot look you 
in the eye when talking to you. This is true even 




CUTTER PRACTICE. ANNAPOLIS 



when he is telling the truth. It l)Pcomes second nature 
with him. Hut not so with u gi-aduate of Annapolis. 
And this trait is a strong one with the .Admiral of the 
Navy to-day.- He detests a liar above all tilings. 

George Dewey entered the Naval .\cademy at a critical 
period in the nation's history. It was during the years 
just preceding the War of the Rebellion, and there were 



THE NAVAL ACADEMY 



121 



many sons of Southern States in all the classes of the 
Academy. Animated slavery and anti-slavery discussions 
were of every-day occurrence on the Academy green, 
and the gallant son of the Green Mountain State could 
always be depended on to espouse the cause of free- 
dom. And what was more, he was ever ready to de- 
fend his position with muscle, if necessary. He did ndt 
mind being called a "Yankee," for to him that was a 




CADET DRILL ON BOARD SHIP, NAVAL ACADEMY 

title rather to be jiroud (if; and it was not a difiicult 
task for him to hnd a name for his opponents quite as 
opprobrious as any they should apply to him. And it 
is said of him that, in such contests, he nearly always 
came out best. Young Dewey was not quarrelsome : but 
he knew when he was insulted, and was as ready to re- 
sent an insult then as he was afterward to carry out the 
President's order to find and destroy or capture the Spanish 



122 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

fleet in the China Sea. He had rather study than liglit ; 
but he could do both equally well, as the Spanish 
admiral in the I'hilippine waters can testify. On one 
occasion, when the future Admiral had soundly thrashed 
a fellow-cadet who had assaulted him because he dis- 
agreed with him on some point or other, he was chal- 
lenged to a duel with pistols. The challenge was 
promptly accepted, and we may be sure there would 
have been a vacancy in some class the next morning 
had not some fellow-student informed the officer of the 
day of the impending contest on the field of honor. 
And the vacancy would not have been in the Vermont 
contingent either. 

An incident in George Dewey's life while a student at 
the Naval Academy illustrates very forcibly one trait in 
his character which is much admired l)y those with whom 
lie is familiar. Even as a child, he would tight in a mo- 
ment in defense of the good name or reputation of any 
wonum or girl whom he heard maligned or referred to 
in a slighting or insulting numner. His associates in 
childhood ri'inark this in speaking of his life in Mont- 
pelier. But it is to a particular instance of this character 
that we wish to refer. 

The time was during Dewey's thirty days' vacation the 
year before he graduated from the Academy. The future 
Admiral's sister was at that time a student at St. Mary's 
Hall. Ihirlington. New Jersey. He paid iier a short visit 
on his way through to tlicir home in \ Crmout. and in- 
vited Ihm' to accompany him to New York for an even- 
ing at the theatre. < »n tlie train from Burlington to 



THE NAVAL ACADEMY 



123 



the city were a number of other young ladies from the 
same school, but none of them were acquainted with 
or in the company of the tine-appearing naval cadet. 
The train also carried a number of young men of the 
rowdy type, who felt that it was quite the thing to make 
remarks aljout or to the young hidies who apparently were 
without an escort. Dewey's blood l)oiled with indigna- 
tion. He told his sister that he felt like thrashing half a 




NAVAL CADETS REPELLING BOARDERS 

dozen or more of the rowdies, and it was with difliculty 
that he was restrained from attemitting to do so. The 
remarks became more frequent and more insulting in their 
character, until at last the young chevalicc could stand 
it no longer. Turning on the foremost among the rowdy 
element he gave him to understand that if he heard an- 
other word, or saw another move, of a character to gi\(> 
offense in the slightest degree, be would soundly thrash 



1-24 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

the whole lot of them. His act was applauded by the 
large number of passengers in the car. and the young 
ladies whom he had so unexpectedly and so gallantly de- 
fended were most profuse with their thanks and protes- 
tations of obligation to him for the service rendered. But 
to (ileorge Dewey it was merely the duty of a passing 
moment in his life, and he could not understand why his 
conduct should be especially commended. To him, no 
gentleman could have done less without censure ; then 
why should he receive commendation for simply doing 
his duty? Would that there were more such defenders 
of the virtue of womanhood among the young men of 
to-day! For sure it is that, in all the world, woman has 
no stronger friend than the gallant Annapolis cadet of 
lb56, — the Admiral of to-day. 





CUfc UJabaslv in. Lhe. irLedvLerratiearv, 

CHAPTER VI 
IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 

DEWEY'S INITIAL CRUISE-TRAINING AND DISCIPLINE ABOARD 
THE WABASH-FIRST MEETING WITH A SPANISH VESSEL- 
DEWEY SHOWED HIS COLORS 

|eokc4e Dewey graduated from the 
Naval Academy in Maj', lS5.S. 
The class of '54: contained some 
sixty mem))ers. but only four- 
teen men finished the course and 
graduated. Dewey w^as not at 
the head of this class, but was 
near enough to the head of the 
line to speak volumes for his 
devotion to his studies while in 
school. He was fifth on that 
list of graduates, which numbered among its members 
several other men who have made their marks in the his- 
tory of the United States Navy, though it remained for 
Geoj'ge Dewey to eclipse all who had preceded him on 
the honor roll of the American naval I'egister. 

(125) 








(126) 





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(127) 



128 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

After a short vacation at his home in ]\Ioutpelier, Vt., 
the young midshipman was ordered to duty on the United 
States steam frigate Wahitsli for his initial cruise upon the 
high seas. Dewey's log book shows that the Jl'ahiisli bore 
the flag of Flag-Officer E. A. F. Lavalette, Captain Samuel 
Barron lieing the commander. 

As usual in all such ca.ses. the log book of the Wahasli 
opens with a tabulated statement of divisional routine 
for each working day of the week (see page 127). 







EXTRACT IN FAC-SIMILE FROM GEORGE DEWEY'S LOO BOOK 

Midshipmau l)(nvey reported for duty at Key West. 
Fla., Monday, July 12. 1858. The Wahash remained in 
that harbor until noon of the twenty-second of that 
month, wlum she sailed for the Mediterranean. Nothing 
unusual seems to luive occurred to disturl) the cus- 



. ^^ 




p-f/ 



D.— 9 



IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 131 

toinary routine (.hiring tliat first twelve-days' cruise of 
Dewey's life as a niidshipinan in the Navy, except that 
one of his associates is recorded in the log book as 
having been "discharged and lauded with his effects 
upon the beach, for gross indecency." The record of 
that voyage to the Mediterranean is replete with all 
the daily routine of the ship's line and contains many 
instances of more than passing interest even at this late 
day, more than forty years after their occurrence. 

Under date of Saturday, July 24, Dewey records 
having " passed several small sails to leeward ; showed 
our colors to a Spanish bark and spoke the English 
brig Fmcn, of Halifax, from Tortugas, bound for New 
York." This was the first time George Dewey showed 
his colors to the Spaniards, the last time probably hav- 
ing made a more lasting impression. He also records 
on the same date that the Wahash was "struck by a 
squall which carried away the flying jib boom and port 
foretop mast studding sail from the yard." Nothing 
more unusual seems to have occurred until August 17. 
when "at 3 A. M., let go the starboard anchor in the har- 
1ior of Gibraltar, in nineteen fathoms of water. At four 
tlie 'Health Oiticer' came alongside to receive our report 
of health, etc., put the ship in quaj-antiue, and forbade 
our communicating with any vessel whatever. I'oiild 
not, therefore, send the cutter to the brig's assistance. 
Ameirican consul came alongside. At eight, hoisted the 
English flag to the fore and saluted it with twenty-one 
guns, wiiich was returned on shore. Received offers of 
attention from English naval aiitliorities. Saluted the 



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(lS-2) 



EXTRACT IN FAC-SIMILE FROM GEORGE DEWEY'S LOG BOOK 



IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 



.).) 



United States consul witli nine guns. An Egyptian 
steamer passed under nur stern and saluted with three 




LANDING AT GIBRALTAR 



guns and an American tlag at tlie fore. Returned it witli 

music and colors. Engaged in watering and coaling ship." 

The W'dliiisli renmined in the harbor i)f <iil)raltar for 

three days, when, liaving secured nccdi'd supplies, slie 



136 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



started ouce more upon her journey. The record, from 
time to time, shows nothing more unusual than the pass- 
ing of vessels and showing of colors to them, and taking 
observations of their colors in return, all of wliich Dewey 
carefully recorded in his well-kept journal. 




ROCK OF GIBRALTAR 



Sunday, August 2S. the Walxis/i -'let go her starboard 
anchor in fourteen fathoms of water in the harbor of 
Marseilles, saluted the French flag at the fore with twenty- 
one guns, which was returned from the shore with the 
same number. The surgeon went on board for, and ob- 
tained, 'pratique.'" Sunday, on shipboard, seems to have 
ever been a (hiy of rest, Dewey's only record, except in 



IX THE MEDITERRANEAN 139 

rare instances when at sea, being '• inspected the crew 
at quarters : at 10:;30 performed divine service." 

The Wahasli did not remain many days at her anchor- 
age, but weighed anchor and put out to sea again Sep- 
tember 1, and two days later dropped it again in the 
harbor of Genoa, where they remained for one week. 
\\'hile here, Dewey records briefly many interesting oc- 
currences, not forgetting to mention the customary salu- 
tations between the United States and other nations, 
which were many and of daily occurrence. 

September 4 was spent by the ship's crew in paint- 
ing the vessel outside. While this was being done the flag 
iitticer is recorded as having jmid an otiicial visit to the 
authorities on shore. On this day, also, the }\'a/iiis/t was 
honored liy a visit from the Sardinian admiral, who, when 
he left the vessel, received a salute of thirteen guns and 
display of the Sardinian flag at the fore, which coui'tesy 
was returned by the fort on shore with the same num- 
ber of guns. While the M'd/ifis/i was in this harbor, the 
American consul at Genoa died and was buried, and all 
ofttcers not on duty, together with sixty men under charge 
of Lieutenant Wood, attended the funeral of that oflicial, 
September 15. 1S5S. The deceased officer's name, how- 
ever, does not appear in the record. 

September 17 seems to have been a day of more 
than ordinary importance on board the IVahas/i. An ex- 
change of salutations between that vessel and the United 
States sloop-of-war Macedonian, and another between the 
same vessel and a Sardinian man-of-war lying in the har- 
bor, are mentioned among the extraordinary occurrences 



140 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



of the day. Leaving the harhoi- of Genoa a daj' or two 
later, the WahasJi next dropped her anchor off Messina 
and sent boats on shore to communicate with the Amer- 
ican consuL While this was being done, salutations were 
exchanged with the fort on shore, the American vessel 
showing the Sicilian Hag at the fore. 




APPROACH TO JAFFA, SYRIA 

The next flag to receive tlie lionor of sp(>(Mal recogni- 
tion by the American frigate seems to have been that of 
Turkey, which was saluted with twenty-one guns on the 
night of September 2(5, off the isle of Milo. This being 
a dangerous coast, signals were fired indicating that a 
pilot was wanted: l)ut no pilot came until after Lieuten- 
ant Corbin had been sent ashore to find one. Twenty- 
four hours later, the W'hIkisIi again anchored in the bay 
of Smyrna, where she reniained until Octohei- '.I. I>uring 










ili:i) 



144 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

her stay at this port. Dewey had an oiiport unity to wit- 
ness some of the social life with which he has since be- 
come so very familiar. The official etiquette of the Navy 
demands a rigid adherence to the customs requiring the 
official exchange of courtesies between our Navy officers 
and those of other nations with whom they may come in 
contact, and while our young midshipman records a faith- 
ful discharge of routine duties, he shows that there was 
also time for social functions. Visits were made to the 
Wabash by the admiral of the French navy, and by offi- 
cers of a lesser rank from other nationalities. 

While in the harbor of Constantinople, two days later, 
the WahdsJi was honored with a visit from the United 
States minister to Turkey. Here. Flag-Officer Lavalette 
was specially invited to an audience with the Sultan. He 
appears, also, to have exchanged the customary courtesies 
with naval officers of other nations whose vessels were at 
that time in the harbor with him. 

October 19, 1858. appeal's to have been a red-letter 
day on board the Wahasli. '"At 10 A. M., the Turkish 
Minister of War, Minister of Marine, and Rear-Admiral, 
together with the Sultan's guard, came on board. At 
11:25, manned the yards and hoisted the Turkish flag at 
the fore. At 11:80, the Sultan of Turkey came on board. 
Received him with military honors; hoisted the imi)erial 
standard at the main and fdic with salute of twenty-one 
guns, which was returned hy the Turkish 120-gun ship. 
Ran into by an English bark, carrying away some of her 
awning stanchions. Sent boats to her assistance and 
towed her clear. At 12:15, manned the yards; the Sultan 



IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 147 

and suite left the ship ; fired twenty-one guns ; manned 
the rigging; gave three cheers, and hauled down the 
Turkish flags. The Turkish admiral returned the salute 
with the same number of guns. At sunset, the Turkish 
fleet and battei'ies fired a salute in memory of the eve of 
the anniversary of the birthday of Mahomet; and as a 
token of respect to the Turkish government we hoisted 
our colors with the Turkish flag at the fore, and saluted 
with twenty-one guns. At nightfall, the fleet and mina- 
rets were illuminated. At 6:30, the fleet and batteries 
fired another salute. At S:00, sent off three rockets and 
burned blue lights at the yardarm." 

Having thus performed the social and official duties 
which devolved upon him, as a representative of the 
American government, Flag-Otficer Lavalette the next 
day set sail for the harl)or of Beyrout, where the vessel 
remained for several days. During the stay in this port, 
midshipman Ueorge Dewey records that "at 11 A. M. a 
summary court-martial convened for the trial of Thomas 
Carey. At 3 P. M., called all hands to witness punish- 
ment, and read sentence, which was 'solitary confinement 
in double irons on diminished rations for thirty days, and 
to be deprived of three months' pay.' The execution of 
the sentence was immediately commenced." 

We next find the future Admiral at anchor in the bay 
of Jaffa, where the vessel was visited officially l)y the 
governor and civil authorities of that ancient and his- 
toric city. It was while at this port that (leorge Dewey 
sent home to his aged grandsii-e an olive-wood cane cut 
by him. This the old gentleman prized and carried to the 



148 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

day of bis death, which occurred a few years later, in 
Vermont. Writing at the harbor of Alexandria, November 
13, 1858, Dewey's log contains the record that "at 7:30, 
sent a boat on board an Austrian bark lying too near us, 
to change her berth, and while heaving in, the wind hauled 
fore a few points and swung her afoul of us, slightly dam- 
aging our starboard quarter. Moored ship with twenty 
fathoms on port, and twenty-five fathoms on starboard 
cable. At 1):00. hoisted out the second cutter and second 
launch. At 10:00 sent boats to the assistance of the Aus- 
trian vessel lying under our stern, slipped her chain, and 
warped her to another part of the harbor. At 2 P. M., sent 
to the Austrian ship her anchor and chain, in charge of the 
boatswain, with the second launch and extra men, with in- 
structions to report all tlie damage that she had sustained 
in her rigging by collision with this ship. Sent carpen- 
ter on l)oard to examine what injury she had sustained 
in his department. He returned reporting a trifling in- 
jury in her bow^sprit cap." Two days later, this incident 
is closed with the statement that the Wabat^h "sent on 
board the Austrian bark stores from the boatswain's and 
sailmaker's departments to make good the damage done 
her when in contact with us on the morning of the 13th 
instant." On the same day it is reported that "the 
Twenty- Eighth Regiment of English troops disembarked 
from the troop ship I'rrsrrcnuicr, and cheered our sliip as 
they passed." 

From Alexandria the W'hIkisIi sailed for the hurhor of 
Valetta. Here Dewey had an opportunity of participa- 
ting in a salutation to the \' ice- Admiral of the Rritish 



m'""''i^'"'^'ir'] '■""■■.,ii» Til 



■Sii* 






.;*:,=,!. 




o 

1- 



iiiiiilii'MliiliiiliiiJIi liiUiMlnllJllli 



IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 



151 



navy, an honor which to him doubtless, at that time, 
was deemed a special privilege, but which was as noth- 




VALETTA, MALTA — QUARANTINE HARBOR 

ing compared with the honors which would ])e ac- 
corded to himself were he now to visit the English 



152 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

ports or come in contact with British navy officers any- 
where else. 

Leaving Valetta. the Wahasli headed once again for 
Genoa, stopping at Spezia and reaching Genoa, December 
10, 1S5S. That day is long to be remembered by our 
gallant young midshipman. On the first of these days, 
the Russian consul-general came on board the Wahash and 
announced that the (Jrand Duke Constantine of Russia 
intended visiting that ship. "At 4:15 P. M., a Russian 
squadron entered the harbor, the flagship flying an 
admiral's ensign at the main. The customary exchange 
of salutations took place, and Dewey and his associates 
made ready to receive his Royal Highness on the follow- 
ing day. A careful inspection of crew at quarters, with 
attention to every detail of that preparation, is minutely 
recorded in the journal of that date. The Grand Duke 
was received with military honors at high noon, while 
the mast of the Wdlxoih displayed the Russian flag at the 
fore. After the withdrawal of their distinguished guests, 
the crew of the American frigate hauled down the 
Russian flag and saluted the Grand Duke's squadron as 
his ve.ssels got under way and stood out of the harbor."' 

And thus was ended the first six months of George 
Dewey's experience as a graduated midshipman in the 
United States Xavy. 

The first two weeks of the new year, 1859. found 
the ]\'iihii.s/i with her i)recious crew of patriotic hu- 
manity still within the harbor of Genoa. Nothing 
unusual seems to have occurred until January 27. when 
two French steam liue-of-battle ships and a frigate came 




ARCO Dl RICCARDO, TRIESTE 



IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 



155 



iuto the harbor and anchored near the American vessel. 
An exchange of international courtesies is recorded as 



1 r 




A STREET IN AMALFI, NEAR NAPLES 



having taken place, and the admiral of the French navy 
made an official visit to Flag-Officer Lavalette. Three 
days later, the American vessel fired a salute of twenty- 



\:a\ life of admiral DEWEY 

one guns in honor of the niarriage of Prince Napoleon of 
France to the daughter of the King of Sardinia. The 
day following. Victor Emmanuel. King of Sardinia, visited 
the French flagship, and was saluted by all the French 
and Sardinian vessels in the harbor, as well as by the 
Wdlids}/. On the evening of the day following, still 
another salute of twenty-one guns was given by the 
Wtihdsh. with the French flag to the fore, and the Sar- 
dinian flag at the main. This salute was in honor of 
Prince Napoleon and his suite, who on board the royal 
Fi'ench yacht, Itc'nic Ifoiinisr, sailed out of the harbor, 
accompanied by the entire French s(|uadron. 

The older residents of the United States are reminded 
by an entry in George Dewey's log book, while at Genoa, 
February G, 1859, of the death of Brevet Brigadier- 
General Henderson, who died at Washington. D. C, January 
8, of the same year. On February 7 a salute of thirteen 
guns was flred, with the flag at half mast, in honor of the 
memory of that distinguished ofKcer of the marine corps. 

Washington's birthday was duly celebrated by a dis- 
play of flags and a salute of twenty-one guns. A Sardin- 
ian man-of-war anchored near by joined the Americans 
in the ceremony, and thus did tlie frieudsliip already 
sprung up between the Vnited States and tiie govern- 
ment of Sardinia l)ecome materially strengthened. This 
celebration took place in the harbor of Sjjezia. wher(> 
the Wabash seems to have remained at anchor until the 
5th of the following nidulli. 

Tlio next port at wliicli the ]\'iil,itsli ciist licr aiicliur 
appears to have l)een Leghoiii. where Klag-Othcer Lava- 



I 




\m§ 



., 'I 



% '^ 





(159) 



160 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

lette and his staff were received with honors by the 
officers of the port, and in return the American vessel 
fired the customary salute of thirteen guns, with the Tus- 
can flag at the fore. 

On March 31 George Dewey received a reminder of 
the first visit to America by the Pilgrim Fathers who 
brought with them Thomas Dewey, the settler. This was 
by the arrival of the American ship Maj/fioircr from 
Trieste. The newcomer was boarded l)y an officer from 
the WciJxtslt before she had applied for and received pra- 
tique. This made trouble at once, and the health officer 
of the port placed the ship in quarantine for having thus 
communicated. This was straightened out, however, by 
the officers of the Wahasli. who sent a boat on shore to 
obtain the necessary papers. Two days later, while try- 
ing to get under way, the Walmxli ran aground, and did 
not succeed in getting free until the following morning, 
being assisted in a very gracious manner by a British 
merchant steamer, the captain of which saw their predic- 
ament and came to their relief. 

May 1, 1859, was not unlike other days on board the 
Wabasli, in the bay of Naples ; the only unusual inci- 
dent recorded in Dewey's log book being an official visit 
from the admiral of the Neapolitan navy. This day was 
in striking contrast to that other ]\Iay 1 , when George 
Dewey, as commodore of the American squadron on the 
Asiatic station, quietly entered another bay and destroyed 
the fleet of a hostile nation. The casualties were the 
same on both of the dates nientioiicd. Tlie log book of 
the Ohjmpid For that last May d:iy would be interesting 



IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 163 

reading now when compared with that other record 
made by Midshipman George Dewey while in the Medi- 
terranean. A pleasant interchange of courtesies took 
pla'ce on May 19, between the Wahasli and the British 
man-of-war Ceiifnriau; this time, however, no powder was 
burned, the salutation being one of music of an entirely 
different nature. As the American vessel passed out of the 
harbor, the red-coated band of the followers of the Union 
Jack struck up "Hail, Columbia, Happy Land!" vrhich 
was returned by the band on board the Wabash playing 
"God Save the Queen." 

While off Civita Vecchia, May 23, the Wahash was 
honored by a visit from United States Minister Stock- 
ton, who represented this country at Rome during that 
period. The United States consul at Rome was also an 
honored guest at the same time. These visits were 
deemed worthy of record in the ship's log by Midship- 
man Dewey. Two days later, all the Neapolitan vessels 
in the harbor are recoi'ded as having half-masted their 
flags, and with yards '" a-cockbill " fired half-hour guns 
throughout the day in honor of the memory of the late 
King of Naples. The Wahash followed suit except as to 
firing the guns, and half-masted the Stars and Stripes, 
together with the Neapolitan flag at the mainmast. 

On June 2, the Wahash was honored with a visit 
from the Prince of Syracuse, who was formally saluted 
liy the firing of guns, as also were the Spanish minis- 
ter and the ministers of Prussia and Sardinia. This 
salutation to the Spanish ambassador was music in his 
ears, differing very materially from that other salutation 



1('4 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

given by George Dewey and his gallant crews in the 
harbor of Cavite. 

The eighty-third anniversary of the Independence of 
the United States was celeljrated on board the W((hi(sh 
at sea, with a salute of twenty-one guns and a display 
of the emblem of civil and religious liberty at the 
masthead. The Declaration of Independence was read 
by one of the ship's officers, and in every way possible 
the young midshipmen and crew were made to under- 
stand the meaning of the celeljration. 

When off Leghorn, on August 15. the ]]'(ih(isJi is 
reported as having j(nned a Fi-ench steamer in hring a 
salute of twenty-one guns in honor of the fete of Na- 
poleon L Here, also, the ship w^as visited by an officer 
of the Swedish government, who was received with tlie 
honors due his rank and station, the Swedish flag Ijeing 
hoisted to the foremast. 

There has l)een no exposure of frauds in feeding the 
sailors in the Navy during the war with Spain, and it 
is generally supposed that the Navy has always been 
free from such abuses. But. nevertheless, it was not 
always thus — at least it has sometimes been found 
necessary to condemn and throw away large (luantities 
of provisions intended Uw the use of tlie men in that 
arm of the government service, (ieorge Dew'ey. inidship- 
man, recorded in his joui-nal under date of August '2->. 
1859. the fact that ''live hundred and hfty gallons of 
beans were sui'veyed. ct)ndemned. and thrown overboard." 
One thing seems certain: The buys were not then eom- 
pelled to eat the food found unfitted for their use. 



■IIIIB II' 



'''■")i 




IN THE MEDITERRANEAN 167 

The example thus set for the young midshipman evi- 
dently had its influence upon his conduct in that par- 
ticular regard ever since ; for true it is that he has 
never been charged with supplying his men with any- 
thing in the way of food which he did not consider 
tit for his own table. The condemnation of food referred 
to took place in the harbor of Spezia. 

September 18 was also a day to l)e remembered. A 
large number of men from the American frigate had 
evidently been on shore the night before, which was 
Saturday, and had been present, either as spectators or 
participants, at a street fracas of some sort, in which a 
man named Collins had been killed. Sunday morning, 
"in obedience to an order from the Flag-Officer, Captain 
Barron directed that George C. Rogers, and such other 
persons as were on shore on the evening of the fracas in 
the streets of Genoa which led to the death of the man 
by the name of Collins, be sent on shore to the usual 
landing by 9:30 on the morning of the ISth instant, for 
the purpose of identifying the man or men who were en- 
gaged as principals in the aforesaid outrage. Sent three 
seamen, one landsman, one private marine, five first-class 
firemen, nine second-class firemen, and fourteen coal heav- 
ers (Rogers himself included), in charge of Engineers 
Fletcher and English. At 1 P. M. all the men sent on 
shore returned excepting George C. Rogers (first-class fire- 
man), who was detained by the judicial authorities, hav- 
ing been identified as one of the men engaged in the 
aforesaid outrage." George Dewey, midshipman, was here 
taught another of the lessons which have made him 



16S LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

respected in all the years of his life since passed. He will 
stand by one of his men to the last if he believes him to 
be in the right. But if a man violates the law of the 
land and deserves punishment for the protection of so- 
ciety, the American Admiral is not the man to stand in 
the way of the administration of justice. 

November 13 was the next date of this eventful 
year to the young midshipman which must have be- 
come memoral)le to him. It was the date ou which 
the IVahasJi bade good-bye to foreign shores and started 
for home once more, after an absence of more than 
eighteen months. The voyage was an uneventful one. 
the regular routine of inspection and drills being the 
only record in addition to the state of weather, barom- 
eter, thermometer, soundings, etc. Ou the thirtieth of 
the same month Dewey's journal or log book was in- 
spected or examined by the captain of the frigate, who 
simply indorsed it as '"examined." and signed the name 
of '"S. Barron. Captain United States Navy." This was 
evidently equivalent to an approval of the manner in 
which the record had been kept. The journey home 
consumed thirty-three days of time, as it was on the 
morning of December 16. at 5:80, that the Wdhasli 
made the Highland lights, and tired a gun for signal 
that a pilot was wanted to bring her up to the battery, 
from where she was moved later in the day to the 
navy yard dock in Brooklyn. After a most rigid in- 
spection of the boat and ci-ew Iiy the proper otRcials 
of the Navy, on December 20, 1859. "the crew were per- 
mitted to leave the ship, ami tlie officers were detached." 







(109) 



170 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



And thus ends the record of the first sea voyage of 
the man who was apparently destined even then to 
outrank all his jiredecessors in naval achievements, and 
\\in a place only second to that of the revered Wash- 
ington and the immortal Lincoln in the hearts of the 
American people. 



■^N'Cincolti. 





\8 6/ 



|%.*m-5.T'a 



3rhe Ttlufissippv 




y»pr'a.s«S. 



at Key Tllest 






JZieuteuauL Ptuieij xuitb. Farragut at TLtuj ©rkaap. 

CHAPTER VII 
DEIVEY IN THE CIl'IL IVAR 

THE "MISSISSIPPI" AT PORT HUDSON — MARRIAGE TO SUSIE 
GOODWIN — CAREER IN TIME OF PEACE — PREPARATIONS 
FOR THE BATTLE OF MANILA 

N I860 George Dewej' was ordered 
))ack to Annapolis for examina- 
tion for a commission, and suc- 
ceeded so well as to advance him 
in class standing over two of his 
fellows, giving him a final rating 
of number three. On April 11». 
iSfU. he was commissioned a lieu- 
tenant, and from 1801 to 1863 
served on the steam sloop Mis- 
sissippi of the West Gulf squad- 
ron. He took part in the capture of New Orleans in 
1862, and also of Port Royal in 1863. 

The most important recorded act of the present Ad- 

i 

(171) 




PejlrxicUon of the TtLlssissippi' 



miral during the Civil War occurred while he was 



172 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 




GEORGE DEWEY AT THE AGE CF 24 
From a very rare photograph 



lieutenant on the steam sloop 
Mississippi under Admiral Far- 
ragut. and of which Melancthon 
Smith Avas captain. It was in 
March iSlio that the Mississipjii 
attempted to run by the Con- 
federate batteries at Port Hud- 
son. Some of the ships got as 
far as the narrow part of the 
cliannel, where they met the 
land batteries almost muzzle to 
muzzle, and then they were 
forced to retreat. The Mississippi did not get so far as 
that. A foggy day had been chosen for the attempt, and 
amid the fog and smoke of battle, which redouljled the 
ol)scurity, the Mississippi lost her bearings and ran aground. 
Her ofticers found that she had struck just under the 
guns of a battery in the middle of the line of fortihca- 
tions, and one of the strongest of the line. In half an 
hour she was struck by two hundred and fifty shot, and 
was riddled like a sieve. There was no chance of liold- 
ing her, so her crew were ordered to take to the wat(M- 
and save themselves if possible. 

Captain Smith and Lieutenant Dewey themselves re- 
mained till the very last, and personally fired the boat 
in several places, and spiked her guns. The guns of the 
Mississippi tired two hundred and fifty-five shots in the short 
space of thirty-five minutes before the ship was abandoned. 
On this occasion George Dewey is said to have per- 
formed an act of licroism wliicli attracted the attention 




m- 




.tR-^ 




\ 



GEORGE DEWEY LEAVING THE BURNING MISSISSIPPI" 



DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 175 

of the admiral of the Navy. As told by one of his com- 
rades at the time, we give it here: "Lieutenant Dewey 
could have escaped easily, as he was a bold, powerful 
swimmer; but he was too unselfish to think only of him- 
self so long as any of his comrades were in danger. Not 
far from him he spied a seaman who was trying his l)est 
to keep above water after his right arm had been para- 
lyzed by a bullet. Dewey struck right out for him and 
gave him a lift, till they reached a floating spar. Then 
the wounded man was towed ashore in safety. There 
were picked shots among the "Johnnies' on the bank, and 
they did deadly work. So whether they spared young 
Dewey and his wounded shipmate because of the act of 
mercy he was doing, or whether the floating spar con- 
cealed them somewhat, we never knew. At any rate, 
there were so few who escaped when they swam for the 
shore that the old fellows in the service said right away, 
when they heard the story: 'Well, I'll be durned if that 
young Dewey ain't being kept alive for something better 
than trying to sneak by old Confederate forts. He'll live 
to show the stuff that's in him some day, if I know what 
I'm saying.' But we never thought he would ever get 
such a high-sounding title as the 'Hero of Manila'; but 
T am quite sure he deserves it, for thrashing those ras- 
cally Spaniards." 

So many versions of this incident in the life of George 
Dewey have been published, some of them apparently 
from reliable sources, we here give the story as sent by 
Lieutenant Dewey to his father at Montpelier. The story 



176 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

was not written by the lieutenant himself, but was sent 
with his full approval of its contents. 

The 3[ississippi. in obedience to the order of Admiral Farniifut, 
broufj^ht up the rear. She had readied the point directly opposite 
the town, and her oflBcers were congratulating themselves upon hav- 
ing ])assed through the greater danger, the ship uji to this time not 
having sustained a single casualty. The 3Ionon()ahela not being in 
sight, orders were given to increase the speed in order to close up 
the space between the ships. The atmosphere being humid, the 
smoke hanging close to the surface of the river, nothing being dis- 
cernible but the flames of our own and the enemy's pieces, tlie ship, 
which had acquired rajiid headway, grounded on the right bank of 
the river, directly opposite the terminus of tlie Port Hudson and Clin- 
ton Railroad. 

Her engines were immediately reversed, and orders were given 
by Captain Smith for the men to fire with all possible rapidity, as 
their safety depended upon keeping the enemy from their guns. 
The men responded with alacrity, and, in the short space of thirty- 
five minutes, they fired two hundred and fifty shots. During this 
time Engineer Rutherford made every exertion to get the ship afloat, 
but without success. Captain Smith finding it impossible to save 
the vessel gave orders to make instant preparations to destroy the 
ship and save the crew. Orders were also given to the chief engineer 
to destroy the engines, and cut the outward connecting jiipes. This 
being done, the water flowed rajiidly into the ship. The sick and 
wounded were conveyed on board the ironclad ram Eascv. and tin- 
remainder of the crew were conveyed to the right bank of the river, 
which had been cleared by the gunboats of the Confederate sharp- 
shooters. Before the crew left the ship, every pre])aration was made 
to destroy her by collecting combustibles in the forward and after 
parts of the vessel. Unfortunately, she was fired forward before the 
order was given. This becoming known to the crew, and there being 
lint three small boats which they could use, many jumped overboard, 
and it is feared were drowned in attempting to escape. Some others, 
seven in all. including Marine-Captain Fontene. Assistant Engineer 
Brown, and Master's Mate Francis, fell into the hands of the enemv. 




GEORGE DEWEY SAVING A COMRADE'S LIFE 



DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAK 17!J 

Just before the order was ij;iveii to aliaiidoii the ship a shot from 
the enemy entered forward of the wheel, killinir Aetini,r-!Master Kel- 
ler, c-omnianding the Second Division, also killinsj and woundino- all 
l:)ut four men at one of his sjuns. 

After seeing that the survivors of his crew were fairly clear of 
the ship, and every preparation made to insure her destruction. Cap- 
tain Sniitli. Lieutenant Dewey, Ensign Baohelder, and Assistant En- 
gineer Tower, together left the ship and abandoned her to the Hames. 
after having with their own hands spiked most of the guns. 

As an evidence of the coolness which Captain Smith displayed on 
this occasion, it is related that in the midst of the death and destruc- 
tion which surrounded him. while coolly lighting a cigar with flint 
and steel he remarked to Lieutenant Dewey : ' It is not likely that 
we shall escape, antl we must make every preparation to insure the 
destruction of the ship." 

As soon as Captain Caldwell of the _S'.s>t.c discovered the flames 
bursting from the J/i.taissijtpi, notwithstanding she was within five 
hundred yards of the principal Confederate batteries, he steamed up 
the river and succeeded in taking off from the shore many of the 
men who had escaped, and in saving many who were still struggling 
with the current for their lives. 

Tlie fire having full possession of the shij). ragetl through her 
for an hour, greatly lightening her. while the water flowing aft set- 
tled her stern, and she gradually slid off into the current. By a 
seeming act of Providence, the ship was swung round by the force 
of the current, and headed down the stream. The guns of her port 
battery, which had not been fired, becoming heated, the venerable old 
frigate paid a parting salute to the Confederates at the same time 
she fired the minute guns over her own grave. Had the ship floated 
down the stream stern foremost, it is impossible to conjecture what might 
have been the result, inasmuch as her guns would have been dis- 
charged upon her own crew on the neighboring bank. She floated 
down the stream, her guns discharging', and shells on deck exploding 
in every clirecticju, until at half-past five o'clock, when, having reached a 
point near which the Confederate ram ^irhn/.t'is was destroyed, she blew 
up. with a concussion whic'li shook the country for miles around. 
Fragments of the ship drifted jiast Baton Itouge. an<l one of the 
wheel-houses was taken ashore at that point. 



ISO LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

It is estimated that only sixty-five oiBeers and ]iieii beloncfincr 
to the JliA'iixiiij)pi were killed, wounded, and taken prisoners. The 
officers and erew lost everythinfr except what they stood in. They 
saved nothinij. and left nothiny in the hands of the enemy. 

After the destruction of the MiKsissijijii. Dewey was 
ordered to the guiilioat ^li/dtnni/ of the Noi'th Athintic 
squadron, and j^articipated in two attacks on Fort Fisher 
in 1864 and 18()5. He was promoted to be a lieutenant- 
coniniander March o, ISH;"). and one year later became 
executive officer of the famous gunboat Kearsaff/c which 
destroyed the Alalia ma. He also served on the frigate 
Vohirado, flagship of the European squadron. On return- 
ing to the United States in 1868, he was detailed for duty 
at Annapolis, where he remained two years. In 1870, he 
was assigned to the command of the yarjya/ansctf. and on 
April 13, 1872, he was commissioned as commander. 

In 1867. Dewey was stationed for a time at the Kittery 
Navy Yard, just across the river from Portsmouth, N. H. 
He was a handsome and popular fellow, and a welcome 
visitor in the homes of those old-fashioned and highly- 
cultivated families which made up the somewhat exclu- 
sive society of the place, and which do to-day. not <inly 
in Portsmoutli. luit in XewlmryiKut and Sal(Mn. and all 
along the N(n-th Shore, as it is called, it was Ikm-c that 
he first met the sweet-faced little woman who afterward 
became his wife. She was Miss Susie B. (ioodwin, a 
daughter of doughty old Ichabod (ioodwin. the \\;\r (iov- 
ernor of New Hampshire, and Unowii fai- and wide as 
"Fighting Governor Goodwin." In liis way. (iovernor 
Goodwin was a popular hero liimself in the early days 



DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 



183 




of the Civil War, quite as nnich 
as is his distinguished son-iu- 
hiw to-day. Like many an- 
other war governor of the 
North, Ichabod Goodwin was 
an old-school Democrat of the 
Jackson type. Nullification or 
secession he could not stand, 
aiul when President Lincoln's 
first call for volunteers 
came and found the 
New Hampshire leg- 
islature not in ses- 
sion, the loyal old 
governor put his 



hands deep into 
his pockets, and. 
at his personal 
expense, fitted out a 
regiment of fight- qeorge dewey 

1 , IN 1867 

ing men and sent 
them to the front, trusting 
to the honor of the people of 
New Hampshire to reimburse 
him at the proper time- 
"Fighting Grovernor Good- 
win" was known far and wide 
in those days ; village streets 
were named in his honor, 
children were called by the 




LIEUTENANT DEWLY 



184 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

name of " Icluiljod'' and ■"(Joodwin." and to this day the 
old Portland, Saco, and Portsmouth locomotive ''Gov- 
ernor Goodwin," more than thirty years old, goes puff- 
inii' and snorting along tiie shore road which connects 
Portsmouth with points east and west. 

Lieutenant Dewey and Susie (ioodwin wei"e married 
October 24, lS(i7, and following the wedding a reception 
was held in the tine old Goodwin homestead, which is still 
standing on one of the quiet, elm-shaded streets of Ports- 
mouth, and occupied by members of the Goodwin family. 

Shoi-tly after their marriage the young couple were 
compelled to separate for a time. Lieutenant Dewey hav- 
ing been ordered to sea. For two years he was on the 
European Station, his wife riMiuiiuing at Portsmouth. 
Returning to America he was assigned to the command 
of the Xdrrdiidiinctf. relieving Commander Rhind. The 
one great sorrow of his life came just a little later. 
This was in 1S7"2. He had been promoted to be com- 
mander, and luck seemed to be running strongly his 
way. The young wife was spending the summer at New- 
port, and preparations were lieing made for an event 
wliich it was lioi)ed would crown with joy tlieir wedded 
life. A son was liorn December 28. but one week later 
tlie mother died. 'I'he l»oy was christened George Good- 
win, in honor of his jiroud grandfather. 

From Is72 to ls7") ( oinnuinder Dewey served on the 
Pacilic Survey, lie became Lighthouse Inspector in 1S7(). 
and was Secretary to the Lighthouse Board from bS77 
to 18S2, being at this time assigned to the command of 
the .III II (It fit, of the Asiatic scpuidron. 




o ^ 

C3 O 
llJ 4> 



DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 



187 



Much has been said in the public press al)out an ill- 
ness through which George Dewey passed in ].SS3. Most 
of the published statements have been untrue. He 
was taken ill while on his way to join the Asiatic 
squadron, and was sent to the naval hospital at Malta. 
In a letter to his sister, under date of April 11, 1S83. 




MOSQUE OF OMAR, JERUSALEM 



after speaking of the press reports of his illness, the 
Admiral wrote : — 



J/y Dear twister: - . . . Sci I will iidt say nim-li aliout it 
myself except that I have been very, very ill. and. on twci nr three 
occasions, very near "the other shore."' At one time I fully ex- 
pected to die, and nothing- but an excellent constitution and (tod's 
mercy brought me through. 



188 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

The climate of Malta is much like tliat of Florida, and we are 
enjoj-ing oranges, roses, etc., — and now and then a moscjuito. 

Your affectionate brother, 

Geokge Dkwky. 

Two years later he was promoted to a captaincy, 
and took command of the Dolph'ni, and afterwards of 
the I'li/sdro/a, flagship of the European squadron. While 
in coiniiiand of the Fnisarohi, Dewey made his second 
cruise in the Mediterranean, and while there wrote the 
following letter to his sister at Montpelier: — 

June 1, 188(5, U. S. Stkamship Pkxsacola, ) 
Smykxa, Turkey. ) 

Dear Sister: — ... I am sure vou will be ijlad to know 
niv health is quite restored again. 

We are making a very delightful cruise in this ]iart of the 
world, in being able to visit so many interesting places. I spent 
several days in Cairo. .Jerusalem. Bevrout. etc., and to-morrow I am 
going to visit the ruins of Ephesus, where stand the remains of the 
Temple of Diana, oru- of the Seven Wonders of the World. When 
I have seen it, 1 will have seen four of the seven. 

From here we go to Athens, and will visit some of the Greek 
islands en route. . . . 

Your affectionate brother. 

Geokge Dewey. 

In 1S88 Captain Dewey was detailed as Chief of the 
Bureau of E([iiipnient and K'ocrnitiug, with the rank of 
commodore. His commission as a commodore, however, 
was not issued to him until Fehruary 2S, 1896. He 
was a memher of the Lightliouse Board again from lS9o 
to 1895, being transferred u> Board of Inspection and 
Survey immediately thereafter, and in 1S96 and 1897 he 




GEORGE DEWEY AT THE AGE OF 46 



DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 



Jl) 




TEMPLE OF DIANA AT EPHESUS 



was president of this latter important department of 
the naval service. 

During the summer of 1S97 George Dewey's health, 
which was not of the l)est while on shoi'e duty. Iiegan 




ATHENS FROM THE EAST 



11)L 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



to fail him. and, as he was fast approaching the age 
limit for the active service of the Navy, he was urged 
by his friends to take another crnise for the ))enetit of 
his health. There are many interesting tales told re- 
garding his assignment to the command of the squadron 
then in Asiatic waters. One of them is to the effect 
that his assignment was strenuously opposed by some of 




HARBOR OF NAGASAKI, JAPAN 



those high in authority, and that it was only when his 
friend of a lifetime, the llonoralile Senatur h'edfield 
I'roctor, called on President McKinley and made a i)er- 
sonal request that Dewey be thus assigned, that the 
orders were issued which eventually brought fame to 
the hero of ]\Ianila Bay and success to the American 
Navy unparalleled in the history of naval warfare. The 



DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 193 

assignment to the command of the Asiatic squadron was 
issued from the Navy Department at Washington. Novem- 
ber 30, 1897. and one month later the coming Admiral 
raised his pennant over the flagship Uhjnipia, at Nagas- 
aki, Japan. 

Naval oflBcers in foreign ports are always well re- 
ceived, and the reception accorded George Dewey at 
Yokohama was no exception to the rule. On February 
4, 1898, he was accorded a private audience with the 
Emperor and Empress of Japan, and l)efore leaving for 
Hong-Kong he himself entertained a party of ladies and 
gentlemen at luncheon on board the flagship (>hiiii[)i<i, 
which he so pleasingly describes in the following letter 
to his sister: — 

Flagship OiAMriA, ) 

YoKOiiAJiA. .Japan, .Januarv 30, 1898. \ 

My Dear tSistir: — I was very o-hul tu receive v<mr letter written 
on my birthday, witli its interesting l)ateli of lidine news. How niiu-h 
the family (ours) has to be grateful for. Of course, we have hail our 
sorrow, some more than others, but. as a wiiole, we have uiuch to 
thank God for. 

I arrived here in Yokohama on Christmas da v. and at Nagasaki a 
week later, where I relieved Admiral McNair. After spending a fort- 
niifht there, I came up here to meet the <_'i)/irtir</. get stores, ammu- 
nition, etc., and to iiave an audiejice with the Empi-ror and Empress 
of Japan, at Tokio. On account of the illness of the latter, the au- 
dience has been delayed somewhat, l)ut at last a date is fixed and 1 
am to be j)resented on the fourth of next month. After tiiat 1 shall 
go to Hong-Kong to meet the lid/iiiih and Pitrcl of my s<|uailron. 

This is a most interestintr countrv — certainly different from anv I 
have seen. Hearn's book will give vou an excellent idea of the coun- 
try and peo])lo. 

England, Kussia, and Germany have laro-elv increased their naval 
forces in the Orient, and even tlie United States is doing something in 

D.— 13 



194 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



tliiit direction. 1 now liave 
five vessels, with two, and 
jiossiblj three, more on 
their way. Our ships are 
all, with the exception of 
the flairship, in the Chinese 
or Corean waters, looking 
out for a right to protect 
A 111 e r i e a n interests, of 
wliich there are many 
iiKire than is generally 
known. Wliat we all 
want is Ciiinese trade, 
and we are gradually 
getting more and more of 
it, all of which we woukl 
lose were it not well 
known that we are ready 
and will protect it. I 
nut the Russian and Eng- 
lish admirals at Nagasaki, 
and found them most 
ai:jreeable and able men. 
The former has no less 
t h a n twenty, and the 
latter thirty, vessels of war under their command. 

Yesterday I had ten ladies and gentleiiirn at ••tiSin."as they call 
a luncheon in the East. 1 wish you could have seen my Chinese 
servants — of whom T have four — in their long blue robes, looking 
like Buddhist priests. Then, too, the band gave us music. I inclose 
the program printed on board, and altogether it was a grand success. 
The guests arrived at one, and left at four o'clock, . . . ^^ ith 
love to all,* 

Your affectionate brother. 

G?:our,E Df.wky. 




A BUDDHIST PRIEST 



* For a facsimile reiiroduclion of tills letter see pp- 414 



DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 195 

The following is a copy of the program referred to : — 

UNITED STATES FLAGSHIP OLYMPIA 

Asiatic Station 

Yokohama, Japan January 29, 1S98 

Orchestra 

Program 

March "Suwanee River" Savasta 

Overture "La Souveraine " Hermann 

Cavatina " Ugo Conte di Parigi " Donizetti 

Waltz "Remembrance of Naples" Bennet 

Selection " Amorita " Czihulka 

Romance " Quanto io t'amo" .Satta 

Habanera "La Paloma " Yradier 

Polka " Ma Voisine " Waldteufel 

"Star-Spangled Banner" 
M. Valifuoco. Bandmaster 

After his reception by the Emperor and PJmpress 
of Japan, Commodore Dewey proceeded to Hong-Kong, 
China, where he concentrated his fleet and awaited de- 
velopments. And here he was found when the wanton 
destruction of the battleship Maine in the liarbor of 
Havana stirred the hearts of tlie great American peo- 
ple, and aroused within them a hostile and vindictive 
answer. All the efforts of Spain and her American 
allies, in Congress and out. could not remove from the 
American mind the belief that the great sacrifice of 
human life in the harbor of Havana was a premedi- 
tated and murderous crime, committed with the full 
approval of some of the authorities, at least, represent- 
ing the Kingdom of Spain, and when the President 
sent to George Dewey the order to proceed at once to 
capture or destroy the Spanish fleet in Asiatic waters 
he little anticipated how thoroughly and well that order 



196 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



would be obeyed. Camdng out his instructions to the 
letter was one of George Dewey's characteristics, and 
the measure of discipline to which he had ever yielded 
a ready acquiescence himself he was just as certain to 
exact from others round liim. But while he was tiiui 
and exacting as a commander no one ever accused liini 




LANDING PLACE AT MALTA 



of unfairness oi- injustice. And when the shiidows of 
war began to hover over the American and Spaiiisli 
nations, Commodore Dewey l)egan making preparations 
for the struggle which, with his keen sense of diplomacy 
and perception, he could see was well-nigh inevitalile. 
His ships were made ready for the fray, and when the 



DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 



197 



vessels of his victorious tieet entered the l)ay of Manila 
on that eventful night of April 8(1. it was after more 
than one month of careful preparation. In a letter to 
his dear sister at Montpelier, v^ritten just before he 
sailed on his still hunt for the fleet of Spain, he said : 
"We are still waiting for the declaration of war to 
begin our work out here. I have seven men-of-war all 



?.^B%^">-^4j6Si?S' 




I ■■'■J ^. S IB 



CONSTANTINOPLE AND THE BOSPHORUS, TURKEY 

ready for action, and should war Ije the word I l)elieve 
we will make short work of the Spanish reign in the 
Philippines. The insurgents are ready to rise at our 
first gun, and long before this reaches you we may be 
masters of Manila and Philippine cities. But, after all, 
war is a terrilde thing, and I hope some way out of 



198 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

the dilemma may be found without resorting to the 
very last course. . . . My health continues good, al- 
though it is taxed to the utmost, and my one prayer 
is that I may hold out until we have finished our 
work." Another sentence in the same letter is worthy 
of reproduction here: "I believe I am not over-confident 
in saying that, with the force under my command. I 
could enter the liay of IManila. capture or destroy the 
Spanish squadron, and reduce tlie defenses, in one day." 
After receiving his orders from the President to pro- 
ceed, he wrote: "I am thankful we have now received 
our orders. We have got them |the Spanish fleet] where 
we want them, and we will now fix them." And fix 
tliem he did in earnest — how well, the story of the 
Battle of Manila, elsewhere told with more of detail, 
only too vividly portrays. His prophesied limit of time 
to one day he reduced to an actual time of less than 
four hours of fighting, and within twelve hours from 
tlie time the first vessel of his fleet passed the bat- 
teries at the entrance to Manila Bay he had literally 
''captured or destroyed the Spanish squadron," and 
planted Old Glory on the ramparts above the fortress 
at Cavite on Spanish soil. And there she floats to-day. 
now, as ever, the sign of freedom from the yoke of the 
oppressor, and tlie emblem of human liberty. 

After the battle of May 1, (ieorge Dewey found him- 
self confronted with a peculiar condition of things in the 
Philippines. The attention of other nations was at once 
attracted to the desirability of .sharing in the spoils of 
conquest, if spoils there were to be, and the war ships 



DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 



199 



of several nations were headed for the Philippine waters. 
Representatives of Germany in particular seemed inclined 
to rather take sides with the Spanish authorities, and 
there were at times apprehensions lest some violation 
of the treaty of neutrality mij^ht lead to serious results. 
The Emperor's brother. Priucp Henry, who represented his 




IMPERIAL PALACE. CONSTANTINOPLE, TURKEY 



government at Hong-Kong, called on Commodore Dewey 
to say good-bye as the American fleet was al)out to leave 
Chinese waters for Manila. United States Consul Wild- 
man and Captain Gridley, of the Ohjiiijilit. were on the 
(luarter-deck of the flagship in conversation with the 
Commodore and the Prince. The Prince said laughingly 
to the three, but looking Dewey in the eye: — 



200 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

•'I will send my ships to Manila to see that yon be- 
have." 

With tliat perfect grace and dignity for which tlie 
Commodore was noted he courteously replied :~- 

"I shall be delighted to have you do so. your lligh- 
ne.ss; but permit me to caution you to keep your ships 
from between my guns and the enemy." 

The Prince saw the point, and he knew full well from 
tliiit moment that George Dewey meant just w^hat he 
said, and tliat it would not be w^ell for any one to inter- 
fere with him in his dealings with Spain or the Spanish 
fleet. 

Nor was this by any means the only ditliculty whicli 
presented itself. The natives of the Philippine Islands 
were little else than savages, and had imbibed just 
enough of civilization fi-om the Anglo-Saxon race to in- 
spire them with hatred for the oppression Spain hud 
put upon them, and had l)een engaged in an Herculean 
struggle for their own liberty for many years. But till 
the time of the entrance of Geoi'ge Dewey to Manila 
Hay their cause had been a w^ell-nigh hopeless one. 
Their acknowledged chieftain had been expelled from 
the islands, and was exiled to foreign lands. But with 
the victory of the Americans on ]\Iay 1, acting under 
the advice of Consul Wildmau. this Filipino chieftain. 
Aguinaldo by name, was retuimed to his native land, and 
at once began active co-operation with Comiiiodore Dewey 
against the Spanish forces still in possession of a large 
part of the island group. These native in.surgents were 
armed from the captured stores of Cavite arsenal, and 



DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 



201 



immediately began aggressive movements against their 
common enemy. So successful were they in every battle 
that they soon became a menace to the Americans 
themselves. Many of the chiefs among the natives be- 
lieved they were entitled to all the fruits of the Spanish 
defeat, and organized a provisional government of their 




BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF CAIRO, EGYPT 



own, and demanded recognition from the United States 
authorities. To handle such an element without serious 
trouble required the skill of a statesman and trained 
diplomat; yet the man who, thus far in his life, had 
confined his energies very largely to a study of the art 
of warfare, at once rose equal to the occasion, and the 
masterly exhibition of diplomacy displayed by George 



202 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



Dewey has commanded 
the admiration of the 
world. In all emer- 
gencies which have 
arisen the man lias 
been eqnal to the oc- 
cas i on . In a word. 
George Dewey has 
demonstrated an abil- 
ity as a statesman 
and diplomat equaled 
only by his display 
of ainlity as a fighter 
and naval commander, 
and few indeed are 
there among all our 

TOMB-MOSQUE OF CAID BEY, CAIHU.E.VPT ^^^^^jj^ SerVantS SO 

well entitled to l)e considered "an all-'ronnd man." 

The unfortunate war with the Filipinos came about 
only after a visit to the United States of an emissary of 
the insurgent provisional government, who was encour- 
aged by the attitude of some Senators and Representatives 
at Washington to believe that the people of the United 
States were opposed to an extension of American sover- 
eignty to the Philippines. In a letter to his brother, the 
Honorable Charles Dewey, of Montpelier, written l)efore 
the outbreak of hostilities, and while the ratification of the 
Treaty of Paris was pending in the United States Senate. 
George Dewey said : " We are waiting to hear from Wash- 
ington that the United States owns the islands, and then 




DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 



203 



will follow the question of dealing with the insurgents. 
General Otis thinks Aguinaldo is losing his power, and 
that the insurrection will soon disintegrate. I hope so." 
George Dewey is a man of peace, but he believes the best 
way to promote it is to always ])e pi-epared for war. 

Among the many precautionary orders issued from the 
Navy Department preceding the declaration of war with 
Spain, were several dispatches to Commodore George 
Dewey which have not hitherto appeared in the pulijic 
prints. 

While Dewey w^as yet at Yokohama. Japan, January 
25, 1S9S. he was cabled by the Chief of the Bureau of 
Navigation to "retain until further orders the crew of 
the squadron whose 
terms of enlistment 
have expired." The 
officials at Washing- 
ton knew the import- 
ance of trained men 
on board the ships, and 
they also knew that 
Commodore Dewey 
could be depended on 
to keep the l)est of 
them when authorized 
to do so. 

As early as Febru- 
ary 25, 181)8, Assistant- 
Secretary Roosevelt 
cabled, under seal of a street scene, cairo, egypt 




204 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



secrecy and confidence, to order all boats of his squadron 
to Hong-Kong, and to keep full of coal. "In the event 
of a declaration of war it will be your duty to see that 
the JSpanish squadron does not leave the Asiatic coast, 
and then offensive operations in the Philippine Islands." 
The next day, as if the first order were not sufficient, 




BOATS SAILING ON THE NILE 



followed a cable from Secretary Long to "Keep full of 
coal, the best that can be had." 

April 1 Dewey was ordered to "fill up with in-o- 
visions purchased on station." Then he was asked to 
let them know at Washington just how many days' 
provisions he had on hand. The same message also 
indicated a regard for the fellows who do tlie fighting, 



DEWEY liN THE CIVIL WAR 



2()'j 



as the Secretary wanted to know how much toliacco 
and soap was needed. Three days later Dewey cabled 
that he had chartered a steamer with three thousand 
tons of coal on board, and asked authority to buy the 
boat and cargo. The authority was given, and he was 
told to charge the expense to special appropriation. 
Then Dewey showed his skill as a business man by 




YOKOHAMA AND HARBOR, JAPAN 



making a good bargain for his country, and by engag- 
ing the crew of the purchased vessel to manage her 
till they should be no longer needed. Five days later 
he reports having purchased another vessel foi- supi)lies, 
which he armed, equipped, and manned immediately. 
There was no secrecy as to the price paid for boats 



206 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

either. All his dealings were open to the light of day, 
aud were held to be confidential only for diplomatic 
reasons until the facts could be safely made known. 

On April 7 the Secretary of the Navy sent an 
order to Commodore Dewey to ''land all woodwork, 
stores, etc., not absolutely necessary to have for opera- 
tions." 

April 24 Dewey was notified by Secretary Long 
that war had commenced l)etween Spain aud the United 
States. He was directed to "proceed at once to the 
Philippine Islands. Commence operations immediately, 
particularly against the Spanish fleet. You must cap- 
ture or destroy vessels. Use utmost endeavors." This 
was the famous "capture or destroy" message popularly 
accredited to President McKinley. It was written, how- 
ever, and sent by Secretary Long. To this the Commo- 
dore replied, showing how thoroughly he had carried out 
his in.structions to be ready at a moment's notice: "The 
squadron will leave for Manila, Philippine Islands, im- 
mediately II [ion the arrival of the United States consul 
from Manihi.'' 'i'he same day Dewey was requested by 
the Governor of Hong-Kong to get out of the harbor, 
iiiid he at once made ready to leave for Mirs Bay to 
await telegraphic instructions. This he coiumunicated 
to Secretary Long, W'ho cabled him the following day, 
April 26, the President's proclamation, as follows: — 

WiiEUEAS, Bv an act of Congress approved April "ifi, 1898, 
it is declared tliat war exists and that war has existed since the 
twenty-first day of April, A. I). 189S. including said day, between 
the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain : and 



DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 207 

Whereas, It beinp desirable tliat sueh war should be conducted 
upon principles in liannony with the present views of nations and 
sanctioned by their recent jiractice, it has already been announced 
that the policy of this i^rovernnient will be not to resort to iirivat- 
eering, but to adhere to the rules of tlie Declaration of Paris: 

Now, therefore. I, William .McKinley. President of the United 
States of America, by virtue of the power vested in me by the 
Constitution and the laws, do hereby declare and proclaim : One, 
the neutral Hag covers the enemy's goods, with the exception of 
contraband of war; two. neutral goods, contraband of war. are not 
liable to confiscation under the enemy's flag ; three, blockades, in 
order to be binding, must be effective ; four, Spanish merchant 
vessels in any ports or places within the United States shall be 
allowed till May 31, 1898, inclusive, for loading their cargoes 
and departing from such ports or places, and such Spanish mer- 
chant vessels, if met at sea by any United States ship, shall be 
permitted to continue their voyage, if, on examination of their 
|iapers, it shall ajijiear that their cargoes were taken on board be- 
fore the expiration of the above term. pro\ ided that nothing herein 
contained shall apply to Spanish vessels having on board any offi- 
cer in the military or naval service of the enemy, or any coal, ex- 
cept such as may be necessary for their voyag-e, or any other article 
prohibited or contraband of war. or an^' dispatch of or to the 
Sjianish government; five, any Sjianish merchant vessel which, prior 
to April "J I. 18U8. shall have sailed froiri any foreign port or place 
in the United States, shall !n' permitted to enter such port nr 
place, and to discharge her cargo, and afterwards, forthwith, tci dc- 
pa7-t without molestation, and any such vessel, if met at sea l)v any 
United States shiji, shall be permitted to continue her voyagv to 
any port not blockaded ; six, the rij_dit of search is to be exercised 
with strict regard for the rigdits of neutrals, and thi' voyages of 
mail steamers are not to be interfered with except on the elearest 
grounds of suspicion of a violatiun of law. in respcH-t to contra- 
band or blockaile. 

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused 
the seal of the United States to be affixed. 

Done at the city of Washington on the twenty-sixth da\' of 
April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight liuridi'ed and 



208 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

niaety-eitjlit. and of tin' iiidi'pfndence of the I'liitfd States thf one 
hundred and tufiitv-si'coiid. AN'ii.i.iam McKinley. 

]5y till' President : 

Joiix SiiEKMAN, Secretaiy of State. 

April 27 the United States consul from Manila ar- 
rived at Mirs Bay. After inforniin<,r liis government of 
his contemplated movements, Commodore Dewey at once 
prepared to set sail for the Philippine Islands. 

Tlien came the Battle of Manila, reported elsewhere at 
great length. After the battle Dewey sent to the officials 
at Washington a few very modest dispatches, in all of 
which he gave the most of the credit for his victory to 
the commanders and men of his Heet, notwithstanding 
that each of the officers and men gave all the credit foi- 
the splendid victory achieved to the commodore, whose 
master mind had conceived and dii-ected the execution nf 
the plan of operation in the minutest detail. 

Dewey indicated the character of man he is when, on 
May 15, in acknowledging to the President his own 
promotion to the rank of a rear-admiral, he also urgently 
recommended that each of his gallant commanders be 
advanced ten numbers for their part in the Battle of 
Manila. In making this request, Dewey refers to the 
officials in a complimentary manner, and says: "Without 
their aid I could have done nothing." 

From Dewey's dispatches to the department at Wash- 
ington it is plainly seen that he had confidence in the 
honor and integrity of the Filipino chieftain Aguinaldo, 
from whom he expected much assistance. Tliat this leader 
of the insurgent forces should hii\(> finally turned against 



DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 209 

the Americans is one of the tragedies connected with the 
Spanish W"ar. 

Dewey was ever on the alert to see tluit the men 
under his command were properly provided for. May 
20, 1S9S, he cal)led for supplies, and indicated that he 
wanted good ones. 

And then came the crowning act of confidence on 
the part of the government at Washington. Until now 
Dewey had acted under general orders, at least, from the 
seat of government. Now he was cabled: "Exercise 
your own discretion in all matters, and be governed 
according to circumstances, which you know and which 
we cannot know here." And well he exercised it, at all 
times upholding the honor and integrity of the United 
States as against all comers. When the German naval 
officers in the Philippine waters seemed inclined to take 
sides with the enemies of America they were soon called 
upon to observe the laws of neutrality. And they knew 
that George Dewey was not to be trifled with either. 
About the middle of July, Dewey cabled that Aguinaldo 
had informed him that the German man-of-war Irene had 
interfered with the insurgents in their operations against 
the Spaniards at Isla Grande, and he had sent the Balc'njli 
and ('oiirord there to straighten the matter out. These 
vessels proceeded to take the island and some 1,300 pris- 
oners of war, with arms and ammunition. The Imic 
retired from the bay on the approach of the American 
vessels. The commander of the German war-ship did not 
wish to try issues with any of the vessels of Dewey's 
fleet. 

D.-ll 



210 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



July 14. the day following the Irene incident re- 
ferred to, Admiral Dewey received a communication from 
General Emilio Aguinaldo, a document setting forth the 
formation of the provisional government of the Philip- 
pines by the Filipinos, independent of the United States. 
The several proclamations accompanying this document 
were at once forwarded to the government at Washing- 
ton by the conservative Admiral in the Philippines. 



v-rrS*; 




HONG-KONG AND HARBOR, CHINA 



After the arrival of General Wesley Merritt in the 
Philippines. Admiral Dewey very properly co-operated with 
him in all matters affecting the operations against the 
Spanish arms. The correspondence passing lietween these 
two officers and the Governor-General of the Pliilippine 
Islands is interesting reading, as showing the wisdom and 
tact displayed by the American officers. The result of 
those negotiations, and of the refusal of the Spanish 



DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 211 

authorities to surrender to the Americans, is now a matter 
of history. The fieet under Rear-Admiral George Dewey 
performed an important part of the work in the assault 
of Manila which followed, but as there were no vessels 
pitted against him it will not be recorded in history as 
a naval engagement. 

After the fall of ]\Ianila and the complete occupation 
of the Philippine Islands by the United States forces, Ad- 
miral Dewey was urged by his friends to return to the 
United States. Much of a contradictory nature was said 
and written on the subject and it is perhaps as well that 
the truth be stated here as tf» his own wishes on the sul)- 
ject. Under date of August 30, in a message to the 
Secretary of the Navy at Washington, George Dewey es- 
pecially requested to be permitted to remain where he 
was. Here are his own words: "I trust it may not be 
necessary to order me to Washington. Should regret very 
much to leave here while matters remain in present crit- 
ical condition." Dewey was then requested to send his 
views on questions in general as to the Philippines to 
the President liy the quickest method possible, and to ad- 
vise with General Merritt l:)efore he should leave the 
islands. 

Standing on the quarter-deck of the Bnltitnore August 
22, 1898, and gazing at the American flag over Fort San- 
tiago, within the walled city of Manila, Admiral Dewey 
said: "I hope it floats there forever, forever. It is strange 
that we have wrested an empire from those people, and 
that with the loss of only a few men. Our Navy did 
most remarkable work. If I were a religious man. and I 



212 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

hope I am, I should say that it was the hand of God. I 
remember, when we engaged the fleet, seeing shells fired 
directly at us, and I do not understand under heaven how 
we escaped. 

" Then we came up here on the Olympia and sent 
them an ultimatum. In three letters written by Consul 
Williams I told them if they fired another shot I would 
destroy their city. I demanded the surrender of some 
small vessels that scurried into the Pasig, and which I 
believed to be torpedo boats, and I asked the joint use of 
the cable. We were cloi^e in and alone; but they did not 
fire, and never did. 

"I am proud of these men under me, and proud to 
be their leader. They are all efficient. I gave up the 
Olympia, and sent her to Hong-Kong, and came on the 
Baltimore. Here I find everything as efficient as on 
the Oli/iiijda. I am sending all of the squadron up to 
be cleaned, and have asked for a battleship and an ar- 
mored cruiser. 

"I do not intend to go home unless it is absolutely 
necessary, for there is much work still to be done here. 
I do not want to go until it is all over. The truth has 
not been told about this place. It is not so hot, and the 
weather is much better than has been asserted. In the 
fleet we have had less sickness than on ordinary cruises." 

In a letter to his sister written a few weeks after the 
Battle of Manila Bay, the Admiral used these Avords : 
"Just a line to thank you for your kind letter of .April 
(), and also for your prayers fen- my safety. Perhaps they 
did help. Who knows?" 



DEWEY IN THE CIVIL WAR 



213 



The career of George Dewey has been an eventful one, 
and during his threescore years, forty of which have 
been spent in the active service of his country, he has 
traveled far and wide and has come in contact with some 
of the greatest minds in the world. And there are many 
who now believe that in reality he has but just entered 
upon his larger career of usefulness, and predict for him 
still higher honors at the hands of the American people. 
And who can tell ? 





Vict >\i^miral 



CHAPTER VIII 
THE BATTLE OF AUNfLA BAY 

CRUSHING DEFEAT OF THE SPANISH NAVY IN PHILIPPINE 
WATERS — "OLD GLORY" PLANTED ON SPANISH SOIL 

FORMER officer of the Ihiited 
States Navy, then a correspond- 
ent for the New York Herald, 
was on the flagship Oli/iii/iin 
during the Battle of Manila, 
and was appointed by Commo- 
dore Dewey as aid during the 
engagement. From the excel- 
lent report of the events lead- 
ing up to and during the Ijattle 
caliled to his paper, we take 

the following most interesting account of that memorable 

event: — 

^L\^•ILA. Pim.iprixK Islands, on bo<ard the flagsliip Oh/mpia. \ 
-May 1. via Hoxg-Kong. Saturday. May 7. ^ 

Not one Spanish flag flies in Manila Bay to-da}. Not 
one Spanish war-ship floats as our prize. 

(214) 




IHc ll.g, Cruipcr that fired 
Ike Eirjsl jiUot itv the Phxlippliuji 



THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY 



215 



More than two hundred Spanish dead and five hun- 
dred to seven hundred wounded attest to the accuracy 
of the American fire. 




COMMODORE GEORGE DEWEY 



Commodore Dewey attacked the Spanish position at 
Cavite this morning. He swept five times along the line 
and scored one of tlie most brilliant successes in mod- 
ern warfare. 



21 G LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

That our loss is trifling adds to the pleasure of vic- 
tory without detracting from its value. The numl^er of 
hits our vessels received proved how brave and stul)l)orn 
was the defense made by the Spanish forces. 

Miraculous as it may appear, not one of our men was 
killed, and only eight were wounded. Those wlio were 
wounded suffered only slight injuries. 

Commodore Dewey arrived off Manila Bay last night 
and decided to enter the bay at once. 

With all its lights out the squadron steamed into 
Boca Grande, with crews at the guns. This was the or- 
der of the squadron, which was kept during the whole 
time of the first battle: — 

The flagship Olympia, Baltimore, Raleigh, Fetkel, 
Concord, Boston. 

The flagship passed Corregidor Island without a sign 
being given that the Spaniards were aware of its ap- 
proach. 

Not until the flagship was a mile beyond tlie Cor- 
regidor was a gun flred. Then one heavy shot went 
screaming over the Jia/c/f/h and tlie Oli/tiijiid, followed by 
a second, which fell further astern. 

The Iialei(jh, the Concord, and the Bosfoi/ replied, the 
Concord's shells exploding apparently exactly inside the 
shore battery, which fired no more. 

Our squadron slowed down to barely steerage way 
and the men were allowed to sleep alongside their guns. 
Commodore Dewey had timed our arrival sf) that we 
were within five miles of the city of Manila at day- 
break. 



THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY iiiy 

We then sighted the Spanish squadron, Rear-Admiral 
Montojo commanding, ofl: Cavite. Here the Spaniards had 
a well-equipped navy yard called Cavite Arsenal. 

Admiral Montojo's flag v\'as flying on the 3,5(»()-ton 
protected cruiser Ec'nia ClirisfiiKt. The protected ('dstilin. 
of 3,200 tons, was moored ahead, and astern to the i»oii 
battery, and to seaward were the cruisers Ihni Jikih dv 

Austria, Ihtu Antniiid dc VIIikI. Js/a i/r Ciihu. Ishi lie LlCail 

El Citrreo, 2Iai-<pii's del ])nern, and (ietierni Le:ii. 

These ships and the flagship remained under way dur- 
ing most of the action. 

With the United States flag flying at all their mast- 
lieads, our ships moved to the attack in line ahead, with 
the speed of eight knots, first passing in front of Manila, 
where the action was begun l\v three batteries mount- 
ing guns powerful enough to send a shell over us at a 
distance of five miles. 

The ( 'diicen-trs guns boomed out a reply to these l)at- 
teries with two shots. No more were tired, because 
Commodore Dewey could not engage with these l)at- 
teries without sending death and destruction into the 
crowded city. 

As we neared Cavite two very powerful submarine 
mines were exploded ahead of the flagship. This was 
at six minutes past Ave o'clock. 

The Spaniards evidently had misjudged our position. 
Immense volumes of water were thrown high in the 
air by these destroyers, but no harm was done to our ships. 

Commodore Dewey had fought with Farragut at New 
Orleans and Mobile Bay. where he had his first experience 



220 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

with torpedoes. Not knowing how nianj' more mines 
there might be ahead, he still kept on without faltering. 

No otiier mines exploded, however, and it is believed 
that the Spaniards had only these two in place. 

Only a few minutes later the shore ])attery at Cavite 
Point sent over the flagship a shot that nearly hit the 
battery in Manila, but soon the guns got a better range, 
and the shells began to strike near us or Inirst close 
aboard from both the battei-ies and the Spanish vessels. 

The heat was intense. Men stripped off all clothing 
except their trousers. 

As the Olympid drew nearer all was silent on l)oard 
as if the ship had been empty, except for the whirr of 
blowers and the throl) of engines. 

Suddenly a shell burst directly over us. 

From the boatswain's mate at the after 5-iuch gun 
came a hoarse cry. 

" Remember the Maine ! " arose from the throats of 
five hundred men at the guns. 

This watchword was caught up in turrets and fire- 
rooms, wherever seaman or fireman stood at his post. 

"Remember the M(fiiie.'" had rung out for defiance 
and revenge. Its utterance seemed unpremeditated, but 
was evidently in every nian"s mind, and udw tliat tlie 
moment had ronit' to make adequate reply to the mur- 
der of the Maine's crew, every man shouted what was 
in his heart. 

The Ofi/inpia was now ready to begin the fight. 

Commodore Dewey, his chief of staff. Commander 
Lamberton, and aid and myself, with Executive Officer 



THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY 



•221 



Lieutenant Rees and Navigator Lieutenant Calkins, who 
conned sliip most admirably, were on the forward bridge. 




THE FLAGSHIP OLYMPIA" LEADING THE FLEET INTO ACTION 



Captain Gridley was in the conning tower, as it was thought 
unsafe to risk losing all the senior officers by one shell 
■■ You may tire when ready. Gridley." said the Com- 
modore, and at nineteen minutes of six o'clock, at a 



222 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

distance of 5,500 yards, the starboard 8-inch gun in the 
forward turret roared forth a compliment to the Span- 
ish forts. 

Presently similar guns from the Balfimore and tlie 
Boston sent 250-pound shells hurtling toward the Casfilla 
and the h'ciii'i ( 'hristiiKi. 

The Spaniards seemed encouraged to fire faster, know- 
ing exactly our distance, while we had to guess theirs. 
Their ships and shore guns were making things hot for 
us. 

The piercing scream of shot was varied often liy 
the bursting of time fuse shells, fragments of which 
would lash the water like shrapnel or cut our hull and 
rigging. 

One large shell that was coming straight at the 
Oh/ in pill's forward bridge fortunately fell within less 
than one hundred feet away. One fragment cut the 
rigging exactly over the heads of Lamberton, Rees, and 
myself. 

Another struck the liridge gratings in line with it. 
A third passed just under Commodore Dewey and 
gouged a hole in the deck. Incidents like these were 
plentiful. 

Our men naturally cliafed at l)eing exposed witliout 
returning tire from all our guns, l)ut laughed at danger 
iind chatted good-humoredly. A few nervous fellows 
could not help dodging mechanically when shells would 
burst right over them or close board, or would strike 
the water and pass overhead, with the peculiar splutter- 
ing roar made by a tumbling rifled projectile. 




GEORGE DEWEY ON THE BRIDGE OF THE OLYMPIA" DURING THE BATTLE 



o 




THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY 225 

Still the flagship steered for the centre of the Span- 
ish line, and, as our other ships were astern, the O/i/mjiia 
received most of the Spaniards' attention. 

"Open with all guns," said Dewey, and the ship 
brought her port broadside bearing. 

The roar of all the flagship's 5-inch rapid firers 
was followed by the deep diapason of her after-turret 
8-inchers. 

Soon other vessels were equally hard at work, and 
we could see that our shells were making Cavite harbor 
hotter for the Spaniards than they had made the ap- 
proach for us. 

Protected liy their shore batteries and made safe 
from close attack by shallow water, the Spaniards were 
in a strong position. They put up a gallant fight. 

The Spanish ships were sailing back and forth lie- 
hind the ('((stiJJti. and their fire, too, was hot. 

One shot struck the B((Jtinitirc and passed clean 
through her. fortunately hitting no one. Another ripped 
up her main deck, disabled a 6-inch gun, and ex- 
ploded a box of 3-pounder ammunition, wounding eight 
men. 

The ()h/iiijii(i was struck alireast the gun in the ward- 
room by a shell which burst outside, doing little damage. 

The signal halyards were cut from Lieutenant Brum- 
by's hand on the after ))ridge. A shell entered the 
Bosfnii's port quarter and burst in Ensign Dodridge's 
statei'oom, starting a hot fire, and fire was also caused 
by a shell which burst in the port hammock netting. 
Both these fires were quickly put out. 

D.— 15 



226 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

Another shell passed through the linsfott's foremast 
just in front of Captain Wildes, on the bridge. 

After having made four runs along the Spanish line, 
finding the chart incorrect, Lieutenant Calkins, the 
()h/iiijii(('s navigator, told the Commodore he believed he 
could take the ship nearer the enemy, with lead going 
to watch the depth of water. The flagship started over 
the course for the fifth time, running within two tliou- 
sand yards of the Spanish vessels. 

At this range even 6-ponnders were effective, and the 
storm of shells poured upon the unfortunate Spanish 
began to show marked results. 

Three of the enemy's vessels were seen burning and 
their fire slackened. 

On finishing this run Commodore Dewey decided to 
give the men l)reakfast. as they had lieen at the guns 
two hours with only one cup of coffee to sustain them. 
Action ceased temporarily at twenty-five minutes of 
eight o'clock, the other ships passing the flagship and 
the men cheering lustily. 

Our ships remained beyond range of the enemy's guns 
until ten minutes of eleven o'clock, when the signal for 
close action again went up. The HaJtiiiKirc had the place 
of honor in the lead, with the flagship following and 
the other ships as before. 

The Balfiiiioir began firing at the Spanish shijjs and 
batteries at sixteen minutes past eleven o'clock, making 
a series of hits as if at target practice. 

The Spaniards replied very slowly, and the Commo- 
dore signaled the liaJpigli, the Bosto)), the Concon/. and 



THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY 227 

the Petrel to go into the inuer harbor and destroy all the 
enemy's ships. 

By her light draught the little Pefre/ was enabled to 
move within one thousand yards. Here, firing swiftly, 
but accurately, she commanded everything still flying the 
Spanish Hag. 

Other ships were also doing their whole duty, and 
soon not one red and yellow ensign remained aloft, ex- 
cept on a battery up the coast. 

The Spanish flagship and the Cast il hi had long been 
burning hercely. and the last vessel to be abandoned 
was the Don Aiifonin ile Hh>a, which lurched over and 
sank. 

Then the Spanish flag on the arsenal staff was hauled 
down, and at half-past twelve o'clock a white flag was 
hoisted there. Signal was made to the Petrel to destroy 
all the vessels in the inner harbor, and Lieutenant 
Hughes, with an armed lioat's crew, set fire to the Don 
Jiiini (Je Austria, Munpies del Diiero, the Isia de Cuba, and 
the El Correo. 

The lai-ge transport Manila and many tug boats and 
small craft fell into our hands. 

"Capture or destroy Spanish squadron." were Dewey's 
orders. Never were instructions more effectually carried 
out. 

Within seven hours after arriving on the scene of 
action nothing remained to be done. 

Five days after the date of the foregoing dispatches, 
the same correspondent reviewed the story of the battle 
at greater length, and we deem this second dispatch of 



228 



LIFE OF ADMIKAL DFWEY 



sufficient impoi-tance to give it a place in this perma- 
nent story of the Battle of ^lanihi Bay. 




I .'. f. 




\ 



■;/' 







THE OLYMPIA'S" CREW CHEERING THE COMMODORE 

It was in the latter part of last February that Com- 
modore George Dewey, commanding the Asiatic station 



THE BATTLE OF MANILA UAY 22^) 

of the United States Navy, began to feel that the drift 
of events was toward a warlike rather than a peaceful 
settlement of onr differences with Spain. At any rate, 
he decided to bring all his squadron together, and he 
chose Hong-Kong as the place of rendezvous for strategic 
reasons, the importance and value of which were fully 
justified by subsequent events. 

The vessels attached to this station were as follows: — 

Olijiiijiid, Hagsliip. Captain C. V. (Iridley, commanding; 
Boston, Captain Frank Wildes; Conroi-d. Commander Asa 
Walker; Pctnl, Commander E. P. Wood. The Bdh'ujh. Cap- 
tain J. B. Coghlan commanding, arrived from New York 
soon afterward ; and just before the Battle of Manila Bay the 
Ba/f/iiioir. commanded by Captain N. M. Dyer, was detached 
from the Pacihc station and given to Commodore Dewey. 

These vessels were all cruisers — not, as many people 
have erroneously supposed, '"ironclads." or armored battle- 
ships. Except the armor four inches thick around the 
turret guns of the Oh/m/ild. there was no armor in the 
squadron. These six cruisers may be briefly summed up 
as follows : — 

The 5,800-ton O/tfinplo. carrying four S-inch and ten 
rapid-fii-e 5-inch guns and fourteen fi-pounders. with Lieu- 
tenant C. P. Ivees as executive officer. 

The 4,400-ton llulfinnirc. four S-inch and six (')-iiich rillcs 
and two G-pounders, with Lieutenant-Commander .1. 15. 
Briggs as executive officer. 

The 3.000-ton Bosfoii, carrying two 8-inch and six 6-incli 
rifles and two G-pounders. with Lieutenant-Commander J. 
A. Norris as executive officer. 



230 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

The 3,200-tou L'tthii/I/, carryiiifi^ one 6-inch and ten rapid- 
fire 5-iuch gnus, Avith Lieuteuant-Commander Frederic 
Singer as executive officer. 

The 1.700-ton Conconl, carrying six ()-iiicli rifles and two 
6-pounders. with Lieutenant-Commander G. P. Colvocoresses 
as executive officer. 

The yOO-ton Prfjr/, carrying four 6-inch rifles, with Lieu- 
tenant E. M. Hughes as executive officer. 

The total number of officers and men in the squadron 
was 1,695. There were, of course, some vacancies in the 
ship's companies, but just before sailing for Manila the 
Commodore brought one hundred men and several officers 
from the obsolete Mdimninj and hlled up the complements 
of his active ships. 

Accompanying the squadron was the revenue cutter 
HiKjJi MrCiilIorJi, which had arrived at Hong-Kong on her 
way from New York to the Pacific coast. She carried four 
light pieces, and was commanded by Captain Hodgsdou. of 
the Revenue Marine Service, who was ordered by the Sec- 
retary of the Treasury to report to Commodore Dewey for 
duty as a dispatch vessel or for any other service that she 
might be found capable to perform. 

Two merchant steamers, the Xonsluni, laden with :!.00(» 
tons of Cardiff coal, aiul the Znfin). carrying 7.000 tons 
of similar coal, having been bought by Commodore Dewey, 
went with the squadron. They were not taken into the 
navy, but were regarded merely as merchant vessels 
owned by the United States. Their officers and crews all 
gave notice of their intention to become United States citizens, 
and remained on board to navigate the vessels as needed. 



THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY 231 

Commodore Dewey withdrew from the liarbor of Hong- 
Kong on Monday, April 25, in response to a request 
from the Acting Governor of Hong-Kong. The Commo- 
dore remained at Mirs Bay, in Chinese waters, about 
thirty miles from Hong-Kong, until the afternoon of 
Wednesday, the 27th, when he sailed for the Philip- 
pines. 

Owing to the necessity of economy in the use of coal, 
as well as the danger of driving into the rather heavy 
sea that was running, a speed of about eight knots was 
maintained in making the trip to the Philippines. Even 
at this slow speed the heavily laden K<i)i.s/iaii and Zajiro 
made a decidedly wet voyage, and the Petrel also pitched 
and rolled deeply. 

Gun drills and other exercises kept the officers and 
men occupied continuously during this run, and from the 
time the squadron left Mir.s Bay until it came into the 
presence of the enemy there was not an hour in which 
preparations for battle were not under way. 

When the tii'ed ship's company had finished its day's 
work on Wednesday, and the O/i/n/p/a had settled down 
to the quiet of the first watch, the stillness was broken 
with abrupt harshness by the blare of the bugle, red and 
white lights flashed up and down the masts of all the 
ships in response to the Commodore's peremptory signal, 
"Prepare for action," and in two minutes each vessel 
was alive with men, who only a few minutes before had 
been sleeping soundly. 

From the Ijridge of the flagship sharply uttered orders 
proceeded, and in seven minutes the executive officer 



232 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

was able to report to Captain Gridley: "The ship is 
ready for action, sir."' 

Looking hack along the line of ships, dimly visil)le 
in the moonlight, it was easy to see that every one of 
them was stripped for battle also, and the Commodore 
was naturally greatly pleased with the quick and thor- 
ough response to his signal. 

When the squadron left Mirs Bay no official notice 
that war existed had been received from Washington, 
but private cable messages of Tuesday had brought the 
news that Congress had declared war upon Spain, to 
date from April 21. Accordingly, at the usual "quarters 
for inspection," Wednesday evening, the division officers 
made the announcement to tlie men that war existed, 
and the rousing cheer that went up from every division 
showed that the men regarded the long-expected news 
with the keenest satisfaction. 

A little while later, when the men read on the 
bulletin lioard the bombastic proclamation of the gov- 
ernor of the Philippine Islands, the roar of derisive 
laughter that went up from the whole berth deck was 
an indication that the men were only anxiously long- 
ing for a chance to sliow tlie new '' Fiin'n.'<i>" what they 
thought about liini and his proclamation. 

Bandmaster Xalifuoco selected the music for the 
evening concert on Thursday with special reference to 
rousing the patriotism of flip ''boys in blue." choosing 
many of the airs tliat wove p(i])nlar in the North dur- 
ing the Civil War: l>ut though these were favorably 
received, it was not till the band struck uj) "Yankee 



THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY 



233 



Doodle" that the boys cheered. When the concert 
closed with ''Star-Spangled Banner," the voices of at 
least fifty men took up the words of each verse, tlie 
young apprentices particularly being prominent in the 
lead, and the chorus spread through the ship from fore- 
castle to caliin witli an enthusiasm that carried the 
hearts of all on l)oard. 




THE MEN BEHIND THE GUNS 



Searchlight and night signal exercise took place dur- 
ing a large part of the first watch Thurs<lay night, and 
the progress made in working both the lights and the 
signals was very satisfactory. 

Friday was passed without incident, except that the 
weather became very warm and muggy, and the work 



234 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

of the men below deck, particularly iu the fire rooms 
and engine rooms, was exhausting far beyond what it 
had been at any previous time this year. 

In spite of the heat and the rather heavy sea, how- 
ever, the men did their work so thoroughly tliat every 
ship kept her position with a precision that I have 
never seen surpassed even in merely practice evolutions. 

Laud — the Island of Luzon — was sighted early Sat- 
urday morning, and being now in close proximity to the 
enemy the whole squadron began its final preparations 
for the battle that every one knew was near at hand. 
Aboard the Oli/mpia and Balfimnn'. and possibly some of 
the other ships, the sheet chain cable was "bighted," or 
coiled, around the ammunition hoists so as to give them 
considerable protection. There is little doulit that these 
improvised shields would have kept out many a shell if 
the Spaniards had shot straight enough to hit them. 
Nets of tough, pliable manila rope, al)()ut as thick as 
one's little finger, w^ere stretched beneath all the boats 
and were drawn across the front of the wardroom bulk- 
heads. These splinter-nets were intended to prevent the 
woodwork from throwing deadly missiles when struck liy 
shot or shell. 

All unnecessary material was thrown overboard, iind 
in most of the ships the men preferred to dispense with 
many of their usual comforts rather than to keep dan- 
gerous woodw^oi'k in the parts of the ships where they 
would have to do their fighting. Mess chests, mess 
tables, ditty boxes, chairs, wardroom bulkheads, and a 
vast quantity of other impedimenta, went swimming also, 



THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY 



235 



and if the currents had happened to take the stuff ashore 
the Luzon islanders would have reaped a rich harvest. 
When a few miles distant from Subic Bay, a rather 
deep opening iu the bold and rugged coast, the Boston 
and the Concord were sent ahead to learn whether any 
part of the Spanish squadron was hidden there. Later 




HOTCHKISS RAPID-FIRE GUN 



they were reinforced l\v the Bdltimon-, the three vessels 
moving at a speed of aliout fifteen knots, while the other 
three remained with the transports and steamed at only 
six knots. In the afternoon the three scouting vessels 
came back, having explored Subic Bay without find- 
ing any craft there except a few small sloops and 
schooners, which were overhauled, but not otherwise 
disturbed. 



236 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

Commanding officers now came over to the tlagship. 
all vessels lying motionless on an absolutely calm sea. 
When the war council broke up we soon learned that 
the Commodore had told his captains that he intended 
to enter Manila Bay that night, largely because he felt 
sure that the Spaniards would not expect him until the 
favorite reckoning day in Spanish affairs, '' iiKiiKuiti." 
Then our ships idled along at a speed of about four 
knots, not wishing to appear off the entrance to Manila 
Bay too early. 

The moon had risen, and although it was occasion- 
ally obscured by light clouds, the night was not one in 
which a squadron ought to have been able to run 
through a well-defended channel without drawing upon 
herself a hot tire. Consequently, at a quarter to ten 
o'clock, the men were sent to their guns, not by the 
usual bugle call, but by stealthily whispered word of 
mouth. 

Every num was long since ready, and the final steps 
of battle clearing were completed in deathlike silence in 
a vex'y few minutes. Off to port we could see the sul- 
len "loom of the land." where, for all we knew, the 
enemy was already watching our approach. Astern we 
could dimly make out the phantom-like hulls of our con- 
sorts. Not a light was permitted to show in any vessel 
except one at the very stern, which was necessary as a 
guide for the following ship, and this one was shaded on 
each side. 

The speed was increased to eight knots, and we 
slipped past the batteries that we believed existed on 



THE BATTLE UE MANILA BAY 237 

the point north of the entrance, withont seeing anything 
to lead us to think we had been seen. Then Corregidor 
Island came abeam, and every glass was turned on its 
frowning front; but not until we had swung into the 
chief channel^ Boca Grande, as it is called — did the look- 
outs of Corregidor catch sight of us. 

Then a bright light flashed up in the centre of the 
island, and it was answered l)y a similar one on the 
north shore. At last a rather feeble rocket staggered 
aloft over Corregidor, and we felt sure we should soon 
hear from their guns. But no ; on we went, deeper and 
deeper into the bay, and still no hostile move was made. 

Not until most of the squadron had passed the nar- 
rowest part of the entrance did a gun greet us. 

Shortly after eleven o'clock a liright flash on our 
port-quarter was followed l)y tlie boom of a heavy guu, 
and simultaneously we heard the vindictive whistle of a 
shot far over our heads. 

The first hostile shot had been fired and the fight 
was on. 

The battery w'hence this shot had come was too far 
astern to receive any return fire from the Ohjinphi. but 
the Commodore was somewhat uneasy about the three 
noncombatant ships. He. therefore, signaled to the M<- 
Ciilloch to take position on the flagship's port-cpuirter, as 
in that place she and the two that were following licr 
would ])e less exposed to attack. 

A few minutes later the McC/il/orli signaled that her 
chief engineer had been taken with a stroke of heat pros- 
tration, and medical consultation was asked for. Chief- 



238 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

Eiigiueer llaiKlall died twenty minutes after, and his was 
the only life lost in the operation before Manila. 

The lidh'Kjh. which was steaming along third in line, 
had the honor of firing the first shot in anger on our side. 
One of her 5-inch guns returned a ready response to the 
Spaniards' tardy salutation, and presently the Boston fol- 
lowed suit. Then another shot came from the shore bat- 
teries, and as our ships were on the close lookout for the 
flash the Concord placed the 6-iuch shell so exactly over 
the spot whence the enemy had fired that we felt confi- 
dent of its good results. We heard afterward that this 
shell had burst among the Spanish gunners, killing sev- 
eral, and if this report be true it was a marvelous shot. 
At any rate, there were no more shots fired from shore, 
and as the Commodore did not want to waste time on 
the batteries the squadron kept on its course. 

Speed was now reduced to less than three knots, as 
there was no haste. The Commodore wished to arrive off 
Manila at the first break of dawn, but not earlier. The 
men were ordered to lie down beside their guns to get 
what sleep they could, and the very strictest lookout was 
kept for the enemy's ships and torpedo boats. 

At four o'clock coffee and hardtack were served to the 
men, and the officers were glad to get the same frugal 
provender. The lights of Manila had long been in sight, 
and Lieutenant Calkins, the navigator, knew his position 
to a nicety. Indeed, much of the success of this 1)old 
entry to Manila Bay by night was due to the skill and 
judgment of the navigator, who continued his patient and 
harassing labors all through the battle wdth never-failing 



THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY 



239 



accuracy and success. It should be remembered that nav- 
igating a harbor that is well lighted and buoyed is not 
always the easiest thing in the world, and in this case 
Lieutenant Calkins had no lights or range marks to guide 
him. I am informed that special mention of this officer was 
made in the official dispatches, and he certainly deserved it. 
The dawn began a])out half-past four o'clock, when we 
were almost six miles from Manila. As the sun came up 




THE FLAG OF CAVITE. CAPTURED BY THE AMERICANS 



exactly behind the city, the shadow cast l)y the land ob- 
scured the harbor foreground. Finally we made out the 
presence of a group of vessels in the port. Imt Itefore five 
o'clock we were able to recognize them as merchant ships. 
Our cruisers were now in close battle order, the flag- 
ship leading, followed by the linUiniore. the BaJrhjIi, the 
Petrel, the Concord, and the Boston. We had passed to the 
northward of Manila, and were holding to tlie south. wh(Mi 
we sighted the Spanisli squadron in the little bay of (a- 
vite (pronounced "7v« A /vWr^y," if you please, with a marked 



240 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

acceut on the rrc). At tbit? point we knew the Spaniards 
had a well-equipped navy j'ard. which they called Cavite 
Arsenal. The officer in command of this arsenal, Rear- 
Admiral Patricio Moutojo Pasaron, was also the com- 
mander-in-chief of the squadron, the second in rank being 
Commandante General Enrique Soston y Ordennes, a cap- 
tain in the navy. 

Following is a list and brief summary of the import- 
ant characteristics of the vessels in Admiral Montojo's 
command : — 

Bei)iit ChrisfiiKi, Hagship, Captain L. Cadarso command- 
ing, 3.r)(i() tons; battery, six 6.2-inch, two '2.7-inch, six G- 
poundei's, and .six 3-pounder rapid-fire guns: speed, 17.5 
knots ; crew, 400 officers and men. 

Castilla, Captain A. M. de Oliva, commanding; 3,334 
tons ; battery, four 5.9-inch, two 4.7-inch, two 3.3-inch, 
four 2.9-inch, and eight fi-pounder rapid-fire guns ; speed. 
14 knots; crew, 300. 

Isla (le Cuba, Captain J. Sidrach, and Isl<i de Luzon. 
Captain J. De le Herian ; 1,030 tons each; battery, four 
4.7-inch, four (l-pouuder, and two 3-pounder rapid-tire 
guns; speed. IC) knots; crew. 2(>0 each. 

Don Antonio de Ulloa, Captain E. Robion. and Don Jiniii 
de Austria, Captain J. de la Consha ; 1.130 tons; batteries,, 
four 4.7-inch, two 2.7-inch, and two 3-pounder rapid-fire 
guns ; speed, 14 knots ; crew. 200 men each. 

General Lezo, Commander R. Benevento. and Marqids del 
J9»ero, Commander S. Morena Cuerra; 524 and 500 tons, re- 
spectively ; batteries, two 4.7-iiich. and one 3.5-inch, and two 
3-pounder rapid-hre guns ; speed, about 11 knot.s; crew. 100. 



THE BATTLE UF MANILA BAY 



241 



The Ve/asro was also in the harlior. liut she was under- 
going repairs, and her guns — three 5.y-inch and two 2.7- 
inch rapid-hre guns — were mounted in earthworks on 
shore. There were four torpedo boats, two of which were 
sunk during the action, and two fine transports, the Ma- 
li Hk and the Js/n (/c Mimhuutu, one of which was captured 
and the other sunk. 



U 










'^^^ 



THE PRESIDENT'S FIGHTING FLAG 

It will be seen that the Spanish squadron was some- 
what inferior to the attacking fleet. If it had been 
obliged to come out into the open sea to fight it would 
not have had a ghost of a chance. But that which gave 
the Spaniards an equalizing element was the position 
they had taken under the protection of shore batteries. 

It is estimated by all experts that one gun mounted 
on shore is worth several aboard ship. It has a fixed 
platform, and is, therefore, able to fire with much greater 
accuracy. 

D.-ii; 



•242 LIFE OF ADillKAL DEWEY 

Another great advantage our enemy had was the 
knowledge of the exact distance of our ships at all times 
during the action. Having no range marks to go by, and 
receiving no aid from the few range finders installed in 
our vessels, it was an exceedingly difficult matter for our 
officers to determine the proper elevation to l)e given to 
our sights. 

We were constantly moving — sometimes in and some- 
times across the lines of fire — so that even when a shot 
was seen to strike in the right spot it was no guide for 
the next one. At a distance of four thousand yards or 
less the Spaniards ought not to have missed one shot in 
five, especially from their shore liatteries, and the fact 
thiit we suffered so little is the best evidence that our 
enemies were not capable of taking advantage of all their 
t)pportunities. 

Five times we made the circuit in front of the Span- 
ish position, as I have ah-eady fully described in my 
cable dispatches. From the l)ridge of the flagship I was 
able to watch every move of our own and the enemy's 
vessels, and seeing the storm of shells striking about us 
or bursting close aboard the ships f)f our squadron, we 
had good reason for fearing that our loss liad Iteen heavy. 

Of course we knew that the Ohjmpia had escaped witli- 
out casualties, but as we had a dozen hairlireadth misses 
it did not seem possible that our consorts had lieen 
equally fortunate. I began, at first, to keep count of the 
shells which just barely cleared our hull or which burst 
right in our faces, for T had an idea that the fight would 
not last more than half' an hour at the outside, and I 



THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY 



243 



thought it would be interesting to know how many times 
we escaped being hit, but I got tired of that very soon. 
When a shell comes straight along through the air 
one does not have time to catch sight of it till it has 
passed, although one has no difficulty in knowing that it 
has been trying to scrape an acquaintance, as many shells 
did. It screams out its salutation only a few feet away 
from one's head. But when it bursts in the air before 




MAP OF MANILA BAY 



one's face the air seems to be full of chunks of metal, 
some of them apparently the size of a wasliboiler, and 
then one is liable to lose the faculty of differentiating be- 
tween the fragments and the whole shell. 

So I stopped trying to count, for fear 1 should be 
accused of exaggeration. 

Another very unpleasant thing al)oiit the Spanish 
shells was the way they had of coming at us even when 
they had not been properly aimed. Thus it often hap- 
pened that a projectile which not only fell siu:)rt. but 



244 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

which was not even a good line shot, wonki be " upset " 
by its impact with the water, and would come tumbling, 
end over end. far out of its original direction. 

And how these fellows did roar, plainly visible, if they 
came anywhere near us, and as they rose from the water 
and spun ai'ound and around they seemed to be about the 
size of a barrel, especially if an observer happened to be 
close to the line of their eccentric Higlit. 

When the Balfln/Dir went in and cleared out the shore 
batteries in the second action, what cheers she got from 
the Olj/iiipi(('s men, who had been at the front during the 
whole of the first fight ! And they yelled with glee again 
when the little Pefirl went into the inner harbor and 
hnished off the craft that still were afloat. 

It was not long then ere the Spanish flag was down 
from the arsenal and the white Hag in its place; where- 
upon, of cour.se. everybody on our side cheered again. 
The affair was thus all finished between five o'clock 
and half-past twelve. Commodore Dewey took the squad- 
ron back to an anchorage off ]\Ianila and sent word to 
the foolish In-aggart of a governor that if one shot 
wei'e hred at our squadron from the Manila batteries 
he would lay the city in ashes. 

Up to the time I left Manila Bay in tlie dispatch 
boat MrCulhtrh, the govern en- was carefully refraining 
from doing anything to displease the Commodore. 

'I'he subnnirine cable to Hong-Kong was cut by the 
steamer Zafiro on the day after the action, because the 
governor would not permit the cable operators to trans- 
mit our messages. 



THE BATTLE OE MANILA BAY 



245 



The next morning the Bdlfiinore and the BaJrif/Ji went 
down the l^ay and destroyed six batteries at the en- 
trance. The Spanish garrison did not tind it convenient 
to be "at home" when this was done, and therefore 
there was no "'hard feeling" created at the time. 

On Monday, also, we took possession of the arsenal, 
as I cabled yon as soon as I reached Hong-Kong, and 
the active events for the time being were wound up 
by the burial of the Spanish dead and the transfer to 
Manila of the Spanish wounded to save them from the 
swarms of native " looters " who had lieen informed of 
the Spanish defeat by the burning war-ships in Cavite 
Bay. 

Thursday the MeCiilloch sailed for Hong-Kong, and so 
ended the first chapter of the Manila campaign. 



;jpunch. £upl 





7-^-^ 



JDejtruxixoti ot tKc SSpaiu^b. Elcet at UlaixUet 

CHAPTER IX 
THE ADMIK.-IL'S OH'N STORY 

DESCRIPTION OF THE BATTLE AS WRITTEN BY GEORGE DEWEY 
HIMSELF— BATTLE WAS HARD FOUGHT — LESSONS FROM 
THE VICTORY— THE ENGAGEMENT AS VIEWED BY UNITED 
STATES CONSUL WILLIAMS AT MANILA 




UK newspaper reports of the Battle 
of Manila were both sensational 
and apparently accurate ; yet 
thousands of the American peo- 
ple could hardly believe such a 
complete victory, with so in- 
significant a loss to the American 
fleet, possible, and the official re- 
port of Kear-Admiral Dewey was 

oxivccK of a\c "Casjtixv*' awaited with unusual interest. 

At last it came, greatly to the relief of an anxious 

people and of the officials at Washington. We give the 

report in full : — 



THE ADMIRAL'S OWN STORY 247 

Flagship Olympia. May 4, 189S. 

. . . The squadron left Mirs Bay on April 27. . . . 
Arrived off Bolinao on the morning of April 30, and find- 
ing no vessels there, proceeded down the coast and ar- 
rived off the entrance to Manila Bay on the same after- 
noon. The Boston and Concord were sent to reconnoitre 
Port Subic. ... A thorough search of the port was 
made by the Boston and the Concord, but the Spanish fleet 
was not found. . . . 

Entered the south channel at 11:30 P. M., steaming in 
column at eight knots. After half the squadron had passed, 
a battery on the south side of the channel opened tire, 
none of the shots taking effect. The Boston and McCuJloch 
returned the fire. 

The squadron proceeded across the liay at slow speed 
and arrived off Manila at daybreak and was fired upon 
at 5:15 A.M.. by three batteries at Manila and two near 
Cavite, and by the Spanish fleet anchored in an approxi- 
mately east and west line across the mouth of Baker 
Bay, with their left in shoal water in Canacao Bay. 

The squadron then proceeded to the attack, the flag- 
ship Olympia. under my personal direction, leading, fol- 
lowed at distance by the lid/tln/nrc. Balcnih. I'ctrr/, Concord, 
and Boston, in the order named, which formation was 
maintained throughout the action. 

The squadron opened fire at 5:41 A. M. While advanc- 
ing to the attack, two mines were exploded ahead of the 
flagship, too far to be effective. The squadron maintained 
a continuous and precise fire, at ranges varying from 5,000 
to 2,000 yards, countermarching in a line approximately 



248 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

parallel to that of the Spanish fleet. The enemy's fire 
was vigorous but generally ineffective. 

Early in the engagement two launches came out toward 
the Oij/mpia with the apparent intention of sinking torpe- 
does. One was sunk and the other disabled by our fire 
and beached, before an opportunity occurred to fire tor- 
pedoes. 

At 7 A.M. the Spanish flagship Bc/iki Christ 'nut made 
a desperate attempt to leave the line and come out to 
engage at short range, but was received with such gall- 
ing fire, the entire battery of the O/i/iiij)/!/ l)eing concen- 
trated upon her, that she was barely able to return to 
the shelter of the point. 

The fires started in her by our shells at this time were 
not extinguished until she sank. . . . The three bat- 
teries at Manila had kept up a continuous report from 
the beginning of the engagement, w'hich fire was not re- 
turned by this squadron. The first of these batteries was 
situated on the south mole head, at the entrance to the 
Pasig River. The second on the south bastion of the 
walled city of Manila and the third at Malate, about one- 
half mile further south. 

At this point I sent a message to the (lovernor-General 
to the effect that if the batteries did not cease firing the 
city would be shelled. This had the effect of silencing 
them. 

At 7:35 A.M. I ceased firing and withdrew the squad- 
ron for breakfast. At ll:l(i A.M. returned to the attack. 
By this time the Spanish flagship and almost the entire 
Spanish fleet were in flames. At 12:30 P.M. the squadron 



4 



THE ADMIRAL'S OWN STORY 251 

ceased firing, the batteries being silenced and the ships 
sunk, burnt, and deserted. At r2:-l:0 P. M. the squad- 
ron returned and anchored off Manila, the Prfrel being 
left behind to complete the destruction of the smaller 
gunboats, which were behind the point of C'avite. 

This dutj' was performed ]iy Commander E. P. Wood, 
in the most expeditious and complete manner jjossible. 
The Spanish lost the following vessels: Sunk — Reina 
CIin'sfiiKi, CastiJla. Don Aiitiiiiii) tic VJlixt ; Imrned — Don 
Juan de Auair'ui, Isla dr Luzon, Ishi dc Citho, (icneral Lezo, 
Margnes dpi Diicro, El Cori'co, }^cl(isco, and Islo de Mindanao 
(transport) ; captured — Bapido and Hemiles (tugs) and sev- 
eral small launches. 

I am unal)le to obtain complete accounts of the 
enemj's killed and wounded, Imt lielieve their losses to 
be very heavy. The I-iiinn ChrisfliKi alone had one hun- 
dred and fifty killed, including the captain, and ninety 
wounded. T am hap])y to report that the damage done 
to the squadron under my command was inconsiderable. 
There were none killed and only seven men in the squad- 
ron slightly wounded. . . . 

Several of the vessels were struck and even penetrated, 
but the damage was of the lightest, and the squadron is 
in as good condition now as before the battle. 

I beg to state to the department that 1 doul)t if any 
commander-in-chief was ever served Ity more loyal, effi- 
cient, and gallant captains than those of the squadron now 
under my command. 

Captain Frank Wildes, commanding tlie lliis/an. vohiii- 
teered to remain in command of his vessel, althoiigli his 



252 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

relief arrived before leaving Hong-Kong. Assistant-Sur- 
geon Kindleberger. of the ()///iii])/a, and Gunner J. C. Evans, 
of the Iii)sfiiii, also volunteered to remain after orders de- 
taching them had arrived. 

The conduct of mj^ personal staff was excellent. Com- 
mander B. P. Lamberton, chief-of-staff, was a volunteer for 
that position and gave me most efficient aid. Lieutenant 
Brumby, flag lieutenant, and Ensign W. P. Scott, aid. per- 
formed their duties as signal officers in a highly creditalile 
manner. 

The Ohjnijiiii lieing short of officers for the l)attery. 
Ensign H. H. Caldwell, flag secretary, volunteered for and 
was assigned to a subdivision of the 5-inch battery. Mr. 
J. L. Stickney, formerly an officer in the United States 
Navy, and now correspondent for the New York Herald, 
volunteered for duty as my aid, and rendered valuable 
services. 

I desire specially to mention the coolness of Lieutenant 
C. Ct. Calkins, the navigator of the O/i/iii/iia. who came 
under my personal observation, being on the l)ridge with 
me throughout the entire action, and giving the ranges to 
the guns with an accuracy that was proven l)y the excel- 
lency of the firing. 

On May 2, the day following the engagement, the squad- 
ron again went to Cavite, where it remains. . . . On 
the third, the military forces evacuated the Cavite arsenal 
which was taken possession of by a landing party. 

On the same day the Balcii/li and liti/liiiKur secured the 
surrender of the batteries on Corregidor Lsland, paroling 
the garrison and destroying the guns. On tlie morning of 



THE ADMIRAL'S OWN STORY 255 

May 4, the transport Mmiihi. which had Ijeen agroand in 
Baker Bay, was towed off and made a prize. 

[Signed] George Dewey. 

To a gentleman who interviewed Admiral George 
Dewey on board the flagship OIi/)iqiia one month after 
the smoke of liattle had cleared away, that greatest of 
modern naval heroes gave his own version of the battle 
as follows : — 

"This Battle of Manila Bay was fonght in Hong-Kong 
harbor. That is. the hard work was done there ; the ex- 
ecution here was not difficult. 

" With the co-operation of the officers of the Heet, 
my plans were carefully studied out there, and no detail 
omitted. Any man who had a suggestion to offer was 
heard, and if it was a good one it was adopted. After 
the indications of war were so strong that it appeared 
inevitable. I devoted my time and energies to making 
every preparation i^ossible. 

" When we left Hong-Kong and anchored in Mirs Bay, 
outside of the neutrality limits, I had determined upon 
my line of action. When we left there, a few days later, 
we sailed away ready for battle, and expecting it as soon 
as we reached the neighboi'hood of Manila. 

"From that hour of departure until we drew out of 
action, Sunday morning. May 1. after destroying the Span- 
ish squadron, we practically did not stop the engines of 
our ships. We came directly across from the China post 
to that of Luzon, headed down toward the entrance of 
Manila Bay, reconnoitred Subic Bay, where it had been 
rumored we would find the enemy, made the entrance 



256 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

to Manila, passed Corregidor Island by the south channel 
in the darkness of the night, and steamed across the bay 
close to Manila, where at break of day we discovered the 
Spanish fleet off Cavite. 

"Signaling to prepare for action and follow the flag- 
ship. I gave ordei-s to steam past the enemy and engage 
their ships. The result you can see by looking at the 
sunken vessels in the harbor. 

•"Every ship and every man did his duty well, and the 
marvel of it all is that not one man on our side was killed 
or even seriously injured. The only harm inflicted on 
the ships was of a trivial nature, although the Span- 
iards kept up a lively fire until their gun decks were no 
longer out of water and they had no men to man the 
guns. 

■■ The Spanish admiral and officers and crew fought 
bravely and deserve credit for their valor; but all their 
vessels were either destroyed or sunk, with a loss of 
several hundred killed and nearly as many wounded. 

"The battle was fiercely contested as long as it lasted: 
but the superiority of our fleet and ships, guns. men. and 
marksmanship soon won for us the \"ictory." 

Under date of May S, 1898, one week after the battle. 
Mr. Henry G. Ladd. a correspondent of the Xew York 
Journal, cabled from Hong-Kong the following message, 
which forms an interesting chapter in the recoi-d of 
events already described: — 

"Judging from comments cabled back* here, there 
seems to be an impression that the Battle of Manila 
was not hard fought. There never was a more unjust 



THE ADMIRAL'S OWX STORY 257 

mistake. That the Spaniards were no match for our 
men is true, but they did tlieir l>est, in many cases 
hghting their ships long past the point where surrender 
would have been justihed. They served their gnus on 
some ships while the vessels were burning under them, 
and more than one crew went down with their ship 
rather than abandon a hopeless tight. 

•'When the American fleet began its deadly circling, 
the EciiKi Cln-i.-<tiii(i steamed out alone to attack the 
()/>/))/j)l((. All the Oh/nipia's l)attery was concentrated on 
the opposing flagship, and at the close range nearly 
every American shot found its mark. In the face of 
tins terrible tiie the Ncii/a ('hr/sfina advanced. She hit 
the ()///ii/jii(i too. The O/i/mjii/i was liit thirteen times. 

'•Dewey fought this fleet from the roof of the pilot 
house of the O/i/ii/ji/n. and Captain Lamberton stood l)e- 
side him. They were entirely without protection. The 
Ri'iiin ('lirisf/i/ii\s fire cut away the forward rigging of 
the ()ii/inj)/fi. and a (i-inch shell sliot away tlie signal 
halyards, four feet al»ove the Admiral's head. Admiral 
Montojo showed just as much bravery. While his flag- 
ship was advancing in the teeth of the storm of iron 
from the ')/i/ijijjifi he stood on- the l)ridge of the Uciiia 
CJirisfi/Hi beside Captain Cadarso. When the li'dim Chris- 
fiiKi turned to go back an S-inch shell struck her. wreck- 
ing her engines and exploding one of her magazines. 
She was a mass of flame and in imminent danger of 
total de.struction. but the Spanish admiral and his captain 
stood as calmly on the l)ridge. in the midst of tliis hell, 
as thougli their movement was part of a naval parade. 

D.— 17 



258 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

"An 8-iuch shell from the O/i/nqud hit the bridge, 
fairly shooting it from under the admiral, and killing 
Captain Cadarso. 

"It was not until then that Montojo transferred his 
pennant to the Casfi/la, and on that wooden ship con- 
tinued the fight until the CasfiJIn was aflame from stem 
to stern. 

"The fight made by the Ihtu Antonid dc Jlhxi was even 
more heroic. Her hull was riddled, but she fought to the 
last, and went down with her flag still flying and her 
crew st-ill aboard. With the lliina Chrisl'ma gone, the 
Don AHfiiiiio (Ir rihiii down, and the (\isf!l/a a plume of 
flame, a desperate attempt was made to destroy the 
Ohjinpia. 

"Two torpedo boats shot out from the cover of tlie 
smoke. It was a move of ghastly daring. There was not 
one chance in a thousand that they could avoid discov- 
ery, and discovery was death. They were within eight 
hundred yards of the flagship when Dewey signaled to 
concentrate all the l)atteries on them. For an instant 
the water about the needle-like torpedo boats danced and 
dimpled like the surface of a, [lond in a rainstorm. Still 
they came on. while the liig American cruiser flamed 
and roared from every steel throat that could be turned 
toward her darting, dancing assailants. An S-iuch shell 
struck the first one full in the centre, exploded, and broke 
the ship like a straw. Down went both sections, the bow 
and the stern pointing straight up as the divided boat said< 
with all on board. The second had her pilot house shot 
away. The shot turned her head toward the beach, and. 



THE AD.AIIKAL'S OWN STORY 261 

either because they could uot steer her. or because they 
wanted her destroyed rather than permit her to become 
a prize to the Americans, her crew ran her upon the beach. 

■"When it became oljvious that the Spanish tleet was 
doomed, a hnal eifort was made to cripple the American 
squadron by sinking our supply ships, the idea being that 
the Yankees must have more ammunition liefore they 
could fight the forts. The two transports lay far in the 
rear, guarded only l)y the revenue cutter }[r('iilli,ch. A 
small gunboat tried to reach the transports while the 
remainder of the fleet was at the farthest point of the 
circle from them. Dewey, from the Oljim pin's pilot house, 
saw the manreuvre and comprehended its terrific import. 
He signaled, and all the ships that had free batteries in 
range fired on the Siianish forloi-n jiope. The }fr('iilh)cli 
Avould have l)een almost a match for the gunlioaf. Of 
course, the Spanish vessel was driven l)ack witli hull rid- 
dled and upper works shattered. The most i)ictures(iue 
feature of the battle was the air of unconcern with whicli 
the Americans went through it. 

"There were seven men on the Jiasfiut's bi-idge with 
Captain Wildes. Seven shells passed o\er the bridge. 
One passed not more than two feet above their heads and 
liurst beyond them. l>ut so close that tlie base plug of 
the projectile was diivtMi l)ack on board. 

"During all this time Captain Wildes stood witli liis 
glasses in one hand, a palm-leaf fan in the oihtn-. and a 
cigar between his lips. 

"Paymaster Martin made and sei-ved colfee during the 
whole engagement. 



262 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

"The little Fcfrel is the proudest ship of the fleet. 
They have christened her the 'little battleship.' Her light 
draught enabled her to get close to the forts and the 
navy yard, and Captain Woods ran her fearlessly into the 
Avorst of it. The wonder is that she escaped unscathed. 

'•When the Baltimore was sent to lead the second 
attack she came nearer to destruction than any vessel of 
the fleet. Her orders were to silence the shore lotteries. 
She went ahead at full speed, directly across the bay. 
Her speed saved her. for she passed over two mines. 

'•Just beyond her two mountains of water rose and 
burst, one on either side. 

'"The mines exploded within one hundred yards of her. 
She was not damaged, but tlie waves from the explosions 
chased her. and she rolled and plunged in her onward 
course. She missed total destruction by less than three 
seconds. 

"Thirty minutes after the I'xiltimnre started at the 
head of the line every gun on shore and every Spanish 
ship, save the Dait Antonio dc Llloa, had been either sunk, 
or burned, or had retreated liehind the arsenal. 

'"The Don Antonio dc rilod. with all her uiiper works 
shot away and her decks swept with shell at every broad- 
side from the American fleet, kept on lighting doggedly 
with lier lower guns. She fought until she was cut to 
pieces, and then went down with all lier crew. The Petnl. 
Concord, and Boston were sent to destroy whatever shi]is 
were in the navy yard, but the Boston, after twice running 
aground, left this work to her lighter draught companions. 
After this work had been done, only the transport Manila 



THE ADMIRAL'S OWN STORY 265 

remained above water. All the others that had not been 
destroyed by the Americans had been burned by their crews. 

" The OIi/iiij>la was hit thirteen times, eight of the shots 
touching her hull, but doing no damage. Two shells of the 
eight that hit the Baltimoyc pierced her hull. Six of the 
BaJfiiiKiie's crew were slightly injured by the explosion of 
a shell on her deck, but were not so seriously injured as 
to quit fighting until the engagement was over. Five 
million dollars would not pay the Spanish loss on ships 
and forts. -At least four hundred Spaniards were lulled 
and wounded." 

To a correspondent, who asked for his ideas of the 
lessons to be learned from the victory of ^lay 1, Ad- 
miral Dewey replied : — 

"The first lesson of the battle teaches the importance 
of American gunnery and good guns. 

"It confirms my early experiences under Admiral Far- 
ragut, that coml)ats are decided more by skill in gunnery 
and the quality of the guns than by all else. 

"Torpedoes and other appliances are good in their 
way, but are entirely of secondary importance. 

"The Spaniards, with their combined fleet and forts, 
were equal to us in gun power. But they were unable to 
harm ns because of bad gunnery. 

"Constant practice made our gunnery destructive and 
won the victory. 

"The second lesson of this battle is the comiilete dem- 
onstration of the value of high-grade men. Cheap men 
are not wanted, are not needed, are a loss to the I'nited 
States Navv. 



266 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

"We i^hould liave none Init the very ))est men be- 
lli ud the guns. It will not do to have able officers 
and poor men. The men in their class must be the 
equal of the officers in theirs. We must have the best 
men filling all the posts on shipboard. 

"To make the attainments of the officers valuable 
we must have, as we have in this fleet, the best men 
to carry out their commands. 

"The third lesson, not less important than the others, 
is the necessity for inspection. Everything to be used 
in a battle should have been thoroughly inspected by 
naval officials. 

"If this is done there will lie no failure at a crisis 
in time of danger. Look at the difference between our 
ships and the Spanish ships. 

"Everything the Spaniards had was supplied by con- 
tract. Their shells, their powder, all their materials, 
were practically worthless, while ours were perfect." 

KEPORT OF UNITED STATES CONSUL WILLIAMS 

CuXSlI.ATK (IK TIIK I'mTED StATES. ) 

Bay (11' Manila, Philipi-ink Islands. May 4. 1898. \ 
Sir: — I have the honor to briefly report to you con- 
cerning the Battle of Manila Bay, fought on May 1. 1S98: — 
Heeding your mandate, and liy repeated request of 
Commodore (ieorge Dewey, of the United States Asiatic 
squadron. I left Manila on Saturday. April 28, and on 
Wednesday, April 27. at about 1 P. M., boarded the flag- 
ship Olj/mpia, in Jilirs Bay, near Hong-Kong. After meet- 
ing the Commodore and his captains and commanders 



I 



'I' I IK ADMIltAl/S OWN STOKV -KV.) 

in counril. the ( 'oimiiodoro at once oi-dcrcd his licet to 
start at 2 J'. .M. I'm Manila Bay. 

On Saturday. April ;!<». Subig Hay was reconnoit n-il 
because of reportfrj hiding of Spanish fleet in its inner 
iuu-bor, but no fleet bein;.^ there found the ('omuiodore 
proceeded at (uice to the soutii chaiiiiel entrance to .Ma- 
nila Hay. and wliile by many reports mines, torpedoes, 
and land defenses obstructed entrance, yet the fiajs^ship 
led the van. and between Id I'. M.. Aju-il :!0. and 2 A. M.. 
May 1, our Heet of six war-sliips. one dispatch boat, and 
two coal-laden transports passed all channel dangers un- 
harmed, despite shots fj'om forts, and at 2 A. M. were all 
safe on the liroad expanse of Manila Bay. 

After my departure. A|iiil 2o, and by di-awin</ lire to 
.save Manila if possible, all Spanish war-ships went to 
their strongly fortilied naval station at Cavite, where the 
inner harl)or gave refuge, and where potential support 
could he had from several forts and well-equipped batteries 
which extended several miles right and left from Port Cavite. 

At about 5:80 A. M., Sunday, May 1, the Spanish guns 
opened fire at both the .Mapila breakwater battery and at 
Cavite. from fleet and forts. 

With magnificent coolness and order, but with the 
greatest promptne.-^s. our Heet. in battle array, headed by 
the flagship, answered the Spanish attack, and for about 
two and a half hours a most terrific fire ensued. 

The method of oui- operations could not have shown 
greater system, our guns greater effectivene.ss, or our 
officers and crews greater bravery ; and while Spanish 
resistance was stubljorn and the bravery of the Spanish 



270 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

forces such as to challenge admiration, yet they were out- 
classed, weighed in the balance of war against the meth- 
ods, training, aim. and bravery shown on our decks, and 
after less than three hours' perilous and intense combat 
one of Spain's war-ships was sinking, two others were 
burning, and all others, with land defenses, had severely 
suffered, when our squadron, with no harm done its ships, 
retired for breakfast. 

At about 10 A. M.. Commodore Dewey renewed the 
battle, and with effects most fatal with each evolution. 

Xo better e\idence of Spanish bravery need be sought 
than that, after the cas^tigation of our lii-st engagement.. 
her ships and forts should again answer our fire. But 
Spanish efforts were futile. Ship after ship and battery 
after battery went to destruction Ijefore the onslaught of 
American energy and training, and an hour and a half 
of our second engagement wrought the annihilation of 
the Spanish fleet and forts, with several hundred Span- 
iards killed and wounded, and millions in value of their 
government's property destroyed. While amazing, almost 
unbelievable, as it seems, not a ship or gun of our fleet 
had been disabled, and. except on the Baltimore, not a 
man had been hurt. 

One of the crew of the BaUliiio,> had a leg fractured 
by slipping: another was hurt in the ankle in a similar 
manner, while four received slight flesh wounds from 
splinters thrown by a 6-inch projectile, which pierced the 
starboard side of the cruiser. 

But in the Battle of Manila Bay the United States 
squadron of six war-ships totally destroyed the Spanish 



THE ADMmAL\S OWN STORY 



"1 



fleet of eight war-ships, many forts aud l)atteries. and 
accomplished this work without the loss of a man! 

Histor}^ has only contrasts. There is no couplet to 
form a comparison. The only finish tight between' the mod- 
ern war-ships of civilized nations has proven the prowess 
of American naval men and methods, and the glory is a 
legacy for the whole people. Our crews are all hoarse 




CONCORD, U. S. N, 



from cheering, and while we suffer for cough drops and 
throat doctors, we have u(j use for liniment or sur- 
geons. 

To every ship, officer, and crew, all praise be given. As 
Victoria was answered years ago, "Your Majesty, there is 
no second." so may I report to your department as to our 
war-ships conquering the Spanish fleet in the Battle of 
Manila Bay — there is no first — "there is no second." The 



272 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

cH)ol bravery and etiiciency of tlie I'onmiodore was echoed 
by every captain and commander and down tlirouiili the 
lines l)y every officer and man, and naval history of the 
dawning century will be rich if it furnish to the world 
so glorious a display of intelligent command and success- 
ful service as must be placed to the credit of the Fnited 
States Asiatic squadron under date of May 1. isys. 

It was my lot to stand on the bridge of the lialtinnur 
1)y the side of Captain Dyer during the first engagement, 
and to be called to the flagship O/i/mjii" l>y the Commo- 
dore, at whose side, on the bridge, I stood (hiring the sec- 
ond engagement; and when the clouds roll by and I have 
again a settled habitation, it will be my honor and pleas- 
ure to transmit a report showing service somewhat in de- 
tail and for which commanders promise data. 

Meanwhile, our Commodore will officially inform you 
of events which will rival in American history the ex- 
ploits of Paul Jones. 

1 have the honor to l)e. sir. your nu)st obedient servant, 

Osc.^R F. Williams, 
United States Consul. Manila. l'liilipi>ine Islands. 
Honorable Judge Day. 

Assistant Secretary of State. Washington. D. C. 

The accounts here given of the Battle of Manila testify 
not only to the heroism of the combatants, both Spanish 
and American, but to the modesty of the American com- 
mander.s. The following chapter relates the story of the 
liattle as it appeared from the lilood-stained decks of 
the Benin ('hristinn an<l otlu'i' Spanish vessels. 



I 




l-'lT-Uippnie l.slaudS. 



CHAPTER X 
MONTOJO'S lERS/ON OF THE BATTLE 

THE STORY OF THE BATTLE OF MANILA AS TOLD BY THE 
DEFEATED SPANISH ADMIRAL -AN ACCOUNT FROM A 
SPANISH NEWSPAPER 



iFbrli-ficaUon 




WAYm 



|nder date of April 24, 1898, the 
Spanisli admiral in the Philip- 
pine waters, who was also com- 
mander-in-chief of the station 
and squadron of the Philippines, 
issued the following order to the 
commandant of the arsenal at 
Cavite : — 

It having been resolved to go 
out with the squadron for the port 



1 sub ell a Cl'ale 11 

of Subic. not only for the defense of that important 
port but also as a strategic harbor for operations which 
)nay occur, the staff is placed in charge of the necessary 
orders from these headquarters. 

D.-is (273) 



274 



LIFE OF A1):\IT1JAT. DEWEY 



As commandant 
of the Cavite arsenal 
I have notliinji: to 
saj' to your excel- 
lency concerning its 
defense, as the chief 
commander and offi- 
cers will know how 
to defend tlie inter- 
ests of the nation, 
t lusting the valor, 
zeal, and intelligence 
of all those who, with 
the slight and feeble 
resources upon which 
we can count, will 
do everything pos- 
sililc to guard tlic honor of the Hag and the navy. 

(lo on. .si)', in tlie ordering and equipping as mucli as 
you think necessary for the common purposes which con- 
cern our interests. 

Vou will use the telegraph to report to me all that 
you think important foi- your affairs in all departments, 
as well as the cable to communicate with the government. 
As long as possible communicate by way of Paranaque 
and Malate and also with the battei'ies of the coast by 
signals as well as by boats. 

If you need nun-chant vessels to (>quip with torpedo 
tubes, which may be effective in such vessels, you will 
also equip them, etc. Montojo. 





-.1 


£ 


v^^^JrjBT^J ,^ 


411 


li^ilr^HF 


^ 


'J 


^^H 


\%^. J 


njm .^^^CV> r / ^Et 



ADMIRAL PATRICIO MONTOJO PASARON 



I 



I 



MONTOJO'S VERSION OF THE BATTLE 



277 



One week later Ad- 
miral Montojo came in 
contact with Commo- 
dore George Dewey and 
his victorious fleet. The 
story of this last meet- 
ing, as viewed Ity the 
defeated admiral him- 
self, is best told in his 
own words to his gov- 
ernment at Madrid: — 

■' On the twenty-fifth 
of April, ISyS. at 11 
P. M.," says Senor Mon- 
tojo, "I left the bay of 
Manila for Subic with 





DUQUE DE ALMODOVAR 



D. RAMON DE AUNON, SPAIN'S SECRETARY OF THE NAVY 

a squadron composed 
of the cruisers Itc'nio 
( '/ifisfiiiti, I )<}ii .) iKtii lie 
,1 Hsfrid, I sill <lr ( ' II lid, 
Islii ill- Lii:iiii. dispatch 
boat Miiri/iii s ili'l Ihici'o, 
and the woodeu cniisci' 
Ciislillii. This last ctiiild 
merely be considered 
as a floating l)att(MT, 
incapable of uiaiiirii- 
vring. on account of t \\o. 
bad condilion of licf 



278 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWKY 



hull. The following morning, being at Snbic, I had a 
conference with Captain Del Rio, who, though he did not 
relieve my anxiety respecting the completion of the de- 
fensive works, assured me that they would soon be finished. 
"In the meanwhile the cruiser ('asfl/hi. even on this 
short cruise, was making much water through the bear- 
ings of the propeller and the opening astern. They 




ISLA DE CUBA (AFTER DECK' 

worked day and night to stop these leaks with cement, 
finally making the vessel nearly water-tijiht. l>ut aiiso- 
lutely impossible to use her engines. 

"On the morning of the twenty-seventh I sailed with 
the vessels to cover the entrance to the port of Sui)ic. 
The Caniilhi was taken to the northeast point of the 
island of Grande to defend the western entrance, since 



MONTOJO'S VERSION OF THE BATTLE 



281 



the eastern en- 
trance had al- 
ready been 
closed with the 
hulls of the San 
Quiiit'ni and two 
old merchant 
vessels which 
were sunk there. 

"With much 
disgust, I found 
that the guns 
which should 
h a \' e )i e e n 
m o u n t e d on 
that is land 
were delayed a 
month and a senor praxedes mateo sagasta 

half. This surprised me. as the shore batteries that the 
navy had installed (with very little difficulty) at the 
entrance to the bay of Manila, under the intelligent 
direction of colonel of naval artillery, Seiior Garces, and 
Lieutenant Beneavente. were ready to fight twenty-four 
days after the commencement of the work. 

"I was also no less disgusted that they cduHdcd in 
the efficacy of the few torpedoes which they had found 
feasilile to put there. 

"The entrance was not defended by torpedoes nor by 
the batteries of the island, so tliat the s(|iiadron would 
have had to bear the attack of the Americans with its 




282 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



own resources, in forty meters of water and with little 
security. Our vessels could not only lie destroyed, but 
they could not save their crews. I still held a hope that 
the Americans would not go to Subic. and so give us time 
fdf more preparations, but the following day I received 




DON JUAN DE AUSTRIA 



from the Spanish consul at Hong-Kong a telegram which 
said : ' Enemy's scjuadron sailed at 2 P. M. from the 
bay of Mirs, and according to reliable accounts they sailed 
for Subic to destroy our squadron, and then will go to 
.Mauihi.' 



MONTOJO'S VERSION OF THE BATTLE 285 

" This telegram demonstrated that tlie enemy knew 
where they could find my squadron, and that the port of 
Subic had no defenses. 

"The same day. the twenty-eighth of April. I convened 
a council of the captains, and all, with the exception of 
Del Rio, chief of the new arsenal, thought that the situ- 
ation was insupportable, and that we should go to the 
liay of Manila in order to accept there the battle under 
less unfavorable conditions. 

"I refused to have our ships near the city of Manila, 
because, far from defending it, this would provoke the 
enemy to bombard the plaza, which doubtless would have 
been demolished on account of its few defenses. It was 
unanimously decided that we should take position in the 
bay of Canacao. in the least water possible, in order to 
combine our fire with that of the batteries of Point 
Sangley and Ulloa. 

" I immediately ordered Del Rio to concentrate his forces 
in the most strategic point of the arsenal, taking every 
disposition to burn the coal and stores before allowing 
them to fall into the power of the enemy. I sent the 
Don Juan dc Aiisfrin to Manila to get a large number of 
lighters filled with sand to defend the water line of the 
Castilla (which could not move) against the enemy's shells 
and torpedoes. At 10 A. M., on the twenty-ninth, I left 
Subic with the vessels of my squadron, towing the Cas- 
tilla hy the transport Manila. 

"In the afternoon of the same day we anchored in 
the gulf of Canacao in eight meters of water. On the 
following morning we anchored in line oi l)attle, the 



286 



LIFE OF AD.MIKAI- DFWFY 



I'In-isthia, ('(islillii. Ihm .htm/ ih A/isfria. Pa/i Jitmi tic Ullori. 
1ji:iiii, Ciihd, ami Munjifcs ilcl Diurn. wliile the transport 
Miiiillit was sent to the Roads of Bacoor. wlicrt' tlie Vil- 
asco and Lvzo were luiderpjoing repairs. 

"At 7 1'. IM. 1 received a telegram from Subic an- 
nouncin"; that the enemy's squadron had entered the 




ISLA DE LUZON i FORWARD DECKl 



port at three, reconnoitring, doulitless seeking our 
ships, and from there they sailed with course for 
Manila. 

"The mail steamer Ishi (A MiitiUnKni arriNcil in the 
bay. I advised her captain to save his vessel hy going 
to Singapore, as the enemy could not get into the en- 
trance probably before midnight. As he was not author- 
ized from the transatlantic he ilid not do so. and then 



\ 



\ 



MONTOJO'S VEESIOX OF THE BATTLE 287 

I told him that he could anchor iu shallow water as 
near as possible to Bacoor. 

"At midnight guu tire was heard off Corregidor. and 
at two on the morning of the hrst of May I received 
telegraphic advices that the American vessels were throw- 
ing their search lights at the batteries of the entrance, 
with which they had exchanged several shots. I uoti- 
hed the commanding general of the arsenal. Senor Sos- 
ton. and the general-governor of the plaza. Captain 
Senor Txarcia Pana. that they should prepare themselves. 
I directed all the artillery to be loaded, and all the 
sailors and soldiers to go to their stations for Ijattle, 
soon to receive the enemy. 

"This is all that occurred from the time I sailed to 
Subic until the entrance of the American squadron in 
the l)ay of Manila. 

"The squadron being disposed for action." adds Senor 
Montojo. "hres spread, and everything iu proper place, 
we waited for the enemy's arrival. 

'"All the vessels having been painted a dark gray 
color, had taken down their masts and yards and boats 
to avoid the effects of projectiles and the splinters, had 
their anchors buoyed, and cables ready to slip instantly. 

"At 4 A. M. I made signal to prepare for action, and 
at 4:45 the Ansfriu signaled the enemy's scjuadron, a few 
minutes after which they were recognized, with some con- 
fusion, iu a column parallel with ours, at about 6,000 me- 
ters distant : the flagship O/i/mjiin ahead, followed by the 
BnHintore, Rufr/i/li. Pxisfoti. Concord. Ilrlmia. Pitycl. and Mc- 
Ctdldch. and the two transports Zafirn and \'inish(ni. 



288 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

"Tlie force of these vessels, excepting transports that 
were nonconibatant, amounted to 21.410 tons, 49,290 horse- 
power, 163 guns (many of which were rapid-fire), 1,750 
men in their crews, and of an average velocity of about 
seventeen miles. The power of our only five effective 
ships for battle was represented by 10,111 tons, 11.200 
horse power, 76 guns (very short of rapid-fire), 1,875 crew, 
and a maximum speed of twelve miles. 

"At five the batteries on Point Sangley opened fire. 
The first two shots fell short and to the left of the lead- 
ing vessel. These shots were not answered by the enemy, 
whose principal o])ject was the squadron. 

"This battery had only two Ordonez guns of fifteen 
centimetres mounted, and but one of these could fire in 
the direction of the opposing fleet. 

"In a few minutes one of the batteries of Manila opened 
fire, and at 5:15 I made signal that our squadron open 
fire. The enemy answered immediately. The battle be- 
came general. We slipped the springs and cal^les and 
started ahead with the engines, so as not to be involved 
by the enemy. 

"The Americans fired most rapidly. There came upon 
us numberless projectiles, as the three cruisers at the head 
of the line devoted themselves almost entirely to fight the 
ClirisfiiKi, my fiagship. A short time after the action com- 
menced one shell exploded in the forecastle and imt out 
of action all those who served the four rapid-fire cannon, 
making splinters of tlie forward mast, wliicli wounded the 
helmsman on the l)ridge, when Lieutenant Jose Nunez 
took the wheel with a coolness worthy of tlie greatest 



J 

I 



MONTO.TO'S VERSION OF THE BATTLE 291 

commendation, steering until the end of the fight. In 
the meanwhile another .^hell exploded in the orlop, setting 
tire to the crew's bags, which they were fortunately able 
to control. 

"The enemy shortened the distance between us. and. 
rectifying his aim. covered us with a rain of rapid-fire 
l)rojectiles. At 7:30 one shell destroyed completely the 
steering gear. I ordeivd to steer by hand while the 
I'udder was out of action. In the meanwhile another 
shell exploded on the poop, and put out of action nine 
men. Another destroyed the mizzen masthead, bringing 
(liiwn the hag and my ensign, which were replaced 
immediately. A fresh shell exploded in the officers' 
cabin, covering the hospital witli blood, and destroying 
the wounded who were l)eing treated there. Another ex- 
ploded in the ammunition room astern, filling the i[uar- 
ters with smoke and preventing the working of the 
hand steering gear. As it was impossible to control the 
fire. I had to Hood the magazine when the cartridges 
were beginning to explode. 

"Amid.ships several shells of smaller calibre went 
through the smokestack-, and one of the large ones 
penetrated the fireroom. putting out of action one mas- 
ter gunner and twelve men serving the guns. Another 
rendered useless the starboard bow gun. While the fire 
astern increased, fire was started forward by another 
shell which went through the hull and exploded on the 
deck. 

'"The l)i-oadside guns lieing undamaged continued 
firing until there were only one gunner and one seaman 



292 LIFE OF A DM IK. M, DEWEY 

reniaiiiing unhurt fur tiring thcni, u.s tlie guns crews 
had been frequently called upon to substitute those 
charged with steering, all of whom were out of action. 

'"The ship l)eing out of control, the hull, smoke-iiii)e, 
and mast riddled with shot: the confusion occasioned liy 
the cries of the wounded ; half of her crew out of action, 
among whom were seven officers, I gave the order to 
sink and al)andon the ship before the magazines should 
explode, making signal at the same time to the Is/a df 
Cuba and Is/a de Luzon to assist in saving the rest of 
the crew, which they did, aided hy others from the 
Marques (/(■/ Dkiio and the arsenal. 

'"I abandoned the licimi rA//.s7/'//(/, directing beforehand 
to secure her flag, and accompanied by my staff, and with 
great sorrow, I hoisted my flag on the cruiser Is/a dr 
Cu/>a. 

"After many men had been saved from the unfortunate 
vessel, one shell destroyed her heroic commander, Don 
Luis Cadarso, who was directing the rescue. 

■"The l>(iii Atitniiiti lie (7/(w. which also defended herself 
linnly, using the only two guns which were availalde, was 
sunk by a shell which entered the water lino, putting out 
of action iier commander and half of her remaining crew. 

"The ('asli//(i. \\\\\c\\ fought heroically, remained witli 
her artillery usele.ss, except one stern gun, with wliich 
they fought spiritedly, was riddled with sliot and st>t on 
fire by the enemy's shells, then sunk, and was abandoned 
by her crew in good order, which was directed Iiy her 
commander. Don Alonzo Algado. The casualties on this 
ship were twenty-three killed and eighty wounded. 



,-\ 



^-.,\ 




MONTOJO'S VERSION OF THE BATTLE 295 

"The Don Jiiiiii (Ir Aiisfr/a. very iiinch damaged and <iii 
fire, went to the aid of the Cast 1/ hi. The Is/n dc Lnzdn 
had three guns dismounted, and was slightly damaged in 
the hull. The Mdnjucs ild Ihin-o remained with one of 
her engines useless, the bow gun of twelve centimetres 
and one of the redoubts. 

'"At eight o'clock in the morning, the enemy's squadron 
having suspended its tire. I ordered the ships that re- 
mained to us to take positions in the bottom of the Roads 
at Bacoor. and there to resist to the last moment, and 
that they should be sunk before they sun-endered. 

'"At 10:30 the enemy returned, forming a circle to de- 
stroy the arsenal and the ships which remained to me, open- 
ing upon them a horril)le fire, which we answered as far as 
we could with the few canngn which we still had mounted. 

"There remained the last recourse to sink our vessels, 
and we accomplished this operation, taking care to save 
the flag, the distinguishing pennant, the money in the 
safe, the portalile arms, the l)reech plugs of the guns. 
and the signal codes. 

"After which I went with my staff to the Convent of 
Santo Domingo de Cavite. to lie cured of a wound re- 
ceived in the left leg. and to telegraph a In-ief report 
of the action, with preliminaries and results. 

"It remains only to say that all the chiefs. officei'S, 
engineers, quartermasters, gunnei'S, sailors, and soldiers 
rivaled one another in sustaining with honoi- the good 
name of the navy on this sad day. 

"The inefficiency of the vessels which composed my 
little squadron, the lack of all classes of the personnel, 



296 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

especially nuister gunners and seaman gunners; the in- 
aptitude of some of the provisional machinists, the scarcity 
of rapid-tire cannon, the strong crews of the enemy, and 
the unprotected character of the greater part of our ves- 
sels, all contributed to make more decided the sacrifice 
which we made for our country and to prevent the pos- 
sibility of the horrors of the bombardment of the city of 
Manila, with the conviction that with the scarcity of our 
force against the superior enemy we were going to cer- 
tain death and could expect a loss of all our ships. 

"Our casualties, including those of the arsenal, 
amounted to three hundred and eighty-one men killed 
and wounded." 

The Keveille, published l)y the cadets of Norwich Fni- 
versity. in its issue following the Battle of Manila, con- 
tained two accounts of that glorious victory, one written 
by Lieutenant-Commander (ieorge P. Colvocoresses, of the 
CoiironJ, and the other translated l)y him from the Diario 
de Manila of May 4. In a letter accompanying these 
articles, the lieutenant-roiiinian<l('r l)ore testimony to the 
affectionate interest with which Admiral Dewey regarded 
his early training school. 

The description of tli(^ battle liy Commander Colvo- 
coresses does not dilfer materially from the accounts 
previously accepted as ac<'urate. but the Spanish news- 
paper report, while throwing no new light on the en- 
gagement, is interesting l)ecau.se of the point of view 
represented, it liegins as follows: — 

"As tlie sun roso above the i-lduits ;inil mist that o\ crlniiii;' our 
sliores on tlie iiioriiiiiii' of M:i\ 1. tlir inlialiitaiits of Manila saw 



MONTOJO'S VERSION OF THE BATTLE 



•JV) ( 



with surprise and dismay the enemy's squadmn in well-ordered line 
of battle on the waters of the bay. Whu eonld have imagined 
that they wuuld have the rashness to stealtliiK apjiniaeli our shores, 
provoking- our defenders to an unavailinir displav of skill and \aliir. 
in which, alas, balls could not he propelled by heart-throbs, else 
the result would have been different? 

The sound of the shots fmni our batteries and those frmn the 
enemy's ships, which awakened the citizens of .Manila at live i/elciek 
on that ^lay morning, transformed the character of nur peaceful and 
happy surroundings. Frightened at the ]irospect of dangers that 
seemed greater than they were, women and children in carriages, 
or by whatever means they could, sought refue-e in tlie outskirts 
of the city, while all the men. from the hiojiest to the lowest, the 
merchant and the mechanic, the soldier and the peasant, the dwell- 
ers of the mainland and those of the coast, repaired to their posts 
and took up arms confident that never, except bv passinir ov(>r 
their dead bodies, should the soil of Manila \n- defiled li\ thi' 
enemy, notwithstanding that from the first it was ajiparent that the 
armored ships and powerful guns were invuhiei-al)le to any effort 
at our command. Before entering our port the enemy had well 
assured himself of his superiority over our defenses. 

Then follows a list and descnption of the tSpaiiisli 
and American vessels. The walls of the pnblie square, 
it is said, the towers of the cluirches. the upper stories 
of houses, and every place that conmianded a view 
of the l)ay. were thronged l)y eager spectators. The 
account is continued : — 

The shots from the batteries and plaza jiroducecl no liniirc-sion 
upon the cruisers. The sjiectators on tlie shore, with and without 
glasses, continued to scan the advancing eiieun. who. althouoh he 
may have been brave. ha<l no occasion to show it. since the rani^e of 
his guns and the deficiencies of our artiller\' enabled him to do all 
tlie harm he wished with impiinit\-, ... A soldier of the h'iist 
Battalion of Sharpshooters, who saw the squadron so far out of range 
of our batteries, said, glancino- up to heax'en. -If tlu' Itolv Mary 
would only transform that water into land, then the \'ankees would 



298 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

see Ihiw %vt' rould liL;lit." And a M:iliiv. si|uattin>.'- near Ijy. exc-lainit'tl. 
'Let tlii'iu land, am! we will erush tlinn under heel I " Meanwhile the 
enemy proceeded with speed and safety, in ].ei-teet forniation. tciwards 
Cavit6, with the decision born of security. 

". . . From .Manila we could see. liy the aid of fflasses. the 
two squadrons almost confounded and enveloped in i-huids of smoke. 
Owino; to the inferiority of our batteries, it was evident that the 
eneniv was triumphant and secure in his armored strength; he was a 
mere machine. re(|uirini;- only motive power to keep in action his de- 
structive ao-encies. . . . Who can describe the heroic acts, the 
i)rowess. the deeds of valor jierformed by the sailors of our s(|uadron 
as ra-re anim;ited tliemr All who were beneath the folds of the ban- 
ner of Spain did their duty as becomes the chosen sons of the 
Fatherland. " 

A descriiitioii of some details of the engagement is 
given, in w liicli it is said : "A thick column of smoke 
i.iii-st out of the forward storeroom hatch of tlie Uiinu 
ChrisHiKi. indicating that an incendiary projectile, of the 
kind i)rohil)itiMl by Divine and human laws, had taken ef- 
fect in the cruiser. Without ceasing her fire, she retired 
toward the shore and was scuttled to avoid falling into 
the Yankees' hands. The indignation of the sailors of 
the llchiK Cliflsfipii was raised to the highest pitch at see- 
ing the Ciislilhi on Hre from the same incendiary causes." 
Finally.it is said: '"The Spanish vessels that had not suc- 
cuiuix'd to till' flames or the shots of the enemy were 
i-un aground, as they could uot lie disposed of in any 
other way. This was the last stroke: we could do no 
more; the combat of Cavitt' was ended, and our last 
vessel went down flying hei' colors."" .V list of the Span- 
ish killed and wounded is given, and liigh prai.><e is 
awarded to the defenders of the batteries at Manila and 
Cavite. 




CHAPTER XI 
THE FLEETS COMP.-^RED 

AN OFFICIAL STATEMENT OF THE GUNS AND MEN -A BRIEF 
SKETCH OF EACH OF THE COMMANDERS OF THE VESSELS 
IN ADMIRAL DEWEY'S FLEET 



Cuucr 




HiLE this is in no sense a liistorv 
of the war with Snain, a few of 
the details rej^'-ardiiig that por- 
tion of it in wliieli Oeorge Dewey 
played so important a part will 
not he out of place here. It has 
been said by some unfriendly 
^ critics that the Spanish forces 
were sjreatlv overmatched in the 



Ultacti fired a shot ncroisi! \tie boui 

oE ihc ffimuau (Trmpcv 'feBaft.' Battle of ]\Ianila. and it is well 
that there should be no misunderstandint; on that point — 
well for us. and more so for future generations. 

George Dewey's fighting force consisted of seven vessels 
and was accompanied by two transports with su|i|ili('s 



300 LIFE OF ADMIKAL DEWEY 

and amnnuiition. The followinj^' statement of facts will 
be of interest here: — 

Fleet officers: Conmiodore George Dewey, commander- 
in-riiief : Conmiander 15. I'. Laniberton. chief-of-staff : Lieu- 
tenant L. M. Hnimhy. Hag-lientenant ; Ensign 11. H. 
Cakhvell, secretary. 

The flagshiii of the squadron, the cruiser ()/i/ii//ihi. is 
a twin-screw steamer of steel, with two covered l)ar- 
bettes and two military masts, and was launched at San 
Francisco in 1892. She is three hundred and forty feet 
long, has a beam of fifty-three feet and a mean draft of 
tW'Cnty-one feet six inches. Her tonnage is 5.S70 tons, her 
coal-carrying capacity is L300 tons, and her speed is 21.' 
knots. Her armor consists of steel deck plates, steel- 
covered l)arl)ettes. hoods, and gun shields, and two conning 
towers. She is also protected with a cellulose belt thirty- 
three inches thick and eight feet broad. Her armament 
includes four S-inch breechloaders, ten 5-inch quick-hring 
guns, fourteen 6-pounder quick-Hre guns, six l-i30und quick- 
fire guns, four gatlings, and six torpedo tubes. She carries 
466 men and belongs to the second class of protected 
cruisers. 

Her staff of officers during the Battle of ]\Ianila was 
as follows: — 

Ciiptiiin. Charles V.dridley: lieutenant-conini;indcr. S. C. 
Paine; lieutenants, Corwin 1'. Kees. ('. (i. Calkins. V. S. 
Nelson, (i. S. Morgan. S. M. Strife: ensigns. M. M. Tay- 
lor, F. H. Upham. W. P. Scott. A. (i. Kavanagh. 11. \. 
Bntler: medical in.spector. A. F. Price: passed assistant 
surgeon. .1. E. I'age; assistant surgeon, C. H. Kindleberger ; 



THE FLEETS COMPARED 



301 



pay inspector, D. A. Smith ; chief engineer, J. Entwistle 
assistant engineers. E. H. De Lany. J. F. Marshall. Jr. 
chaplain, J. 13. Frazier; captain of marines, W. P. Biddle 
gunner, L. .1. (1. Kuhlwien ; carpenter. W. Macdonald ; act 
ing boatswain, E. J. Norcott. 




FIGHTING TOP OF A WAR-SHIP 

The Puilfiinorc was launched in Philadelphia in ISSS. 
She is also a protected cruiser of the second class, is liuilt 
of steel, has twin screws and two military masts. She is 
three hundred and twenty-seven feet six inches long, 
forty-eight feet six inches in beam, has a mean draft of 



302 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

nineteen feet six inches, a tonnage of 4.C)(in tons, and a 
speed of 20 knots. Her protection consists of steel deck 
plates, shields for all the ^iii^^- 'U"1 '•"'iming tower. Her 
armament consists of four S-inch breechloaders, six (>-iiicli 
breechloaders, two G-pound rapid-firers, two ::]-pound rapid- 
tirers, two l-|i(Mind rapid-lirers, four l-p(Mind revolving 
cannon, two gatling guns, and five torpedo tubes. She 
carries a crew of 395 men. 

Otiicers: ( 'ai)tain, N. .M. Dyer: lieutenant-commaiuler. 
(i. Blocklinger; lieutenants. W. Braunersrenther. F. W. Kel- 
logg. J. M. Ellicott. C. S. Stanworth: ensigns, G. H. Hay- 
ward. M. .1. McCormack. U. K. h-win ; naval cadets. D. W. 
Wurtsbaugh. 1. /. Wettensoll. C. M. Tozer. T. A. Karney : 
passed assistant surgeon, F. A. Heiseler; assistant surgeon. 
R. K. Smith; pay inspector. K. Bellows; chief engineer, A. 
C. Engard; assistant engineers. H. B. i'l-ice. H. L Cone; 
naval cadet engineer. C. 1'. Burt : Cliaplain. T. S. K. Free- 
man ; hrst lieutenant of mai-iiifs. D. A\'il!iams : acting l)oat- 
swain, H. li. lirayton ; gniini-r, L. .1. Connelly; acting 
gunner. L. .1. Waller: carpenter, 0. Bath. 

'Ilie lios/oii. also a second-class protected cruiser, was 
lauiiclied in 1.SS4. She is a steel vessel of 3.1SU tons, with 
a single screw. Her length is two hiindicd and seventy 
feet three inches, beam forty-two feet, and mean dratt 
seventeen feet. Her speed is 1.")'. knots. Her deck is 
partially protected, and she carriers two s-jnch lireechload- 
ers. six fi-inch breechloaders, two Ci-iiound. two 3-i)ound. 
and two 1 -pound rapid-lire guns, two o-jiound rexolv- 
ing cannon, and two gatlings. Her crew consists of •JTi' 
men. 



i 



THE FLEETS COMPARED 



305 



Officers : Cap- 
tain. F. Wildes ; 
lieutenant-co in- 
ula nder, J. A. 
Norris ; lieuten- 
ants, J. (lihsoii, 
\\ . L. Howard ; 
ensigns, S. S. 
Robinson, L. H 
Everhart, J. S. 
Doddridge ; siir- 
g e o n , M . H . 
Crawford; as- 
sistant surgeon, 
R. S. Balkenian ; 
paymaster, J. R. 
Martin; chief 
engineer, G. B. 
Ransom ; assist- 
ant engineer, L. 

T T 11 i. SEARCHLIGHT OF A WAR-SHIP 

J. James; first 

lieutenant of marines, R. McM. Dutton ; gunner, J. C. 

Evans; carpenter, I. H. Hilton. 

The Rahn/li was launched at Norfolk in 1S92. She 
is a steel cruiser of the second class with twin screws 
and military masts. She is three hundred feet long, 
forty-two feet in beam, eighteen feet draft, 3,1 S3 tons, and 
a speed of 19 knots. Her deck is protected with armor; 
she carries a cellulose Iielt. an armored conning tower 
and steel sponsons. She carries one (i-iiich rapid-fire 

D.— 211 




306 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

gun on her forecastle, ten .j-incli I'apid-Hre guns, two 
on the poop and four on each .side of the gnu-deck 
in yponsous; eight 6-pound and four 1 -pound rapid-tire 
gun.s, two gatliugs, and six torpedo tubes. Her crew 
numbers 295 men. 

Officers : Captain, J. B. Coghlan ; lieutenant-commander. 
F. Singer; lieutenants, W. Winder, B. Tappan, H. Bod- 
man, C. B. ]\lorgau ; ensigns, F. L. Chidwick, P. Babin ; 
surgeon, E. H. Marsteller ; assistant surgeon, D. X. Car- 
penter ; passed assistant paymaster, S. R. Heap ; chief 
engineer, F. H. Bailej' ; passed assistant engineer, A. 8. 
Halstead ; assistant engineer, J. R. Brady ; first lieutenant 
of marines, T. C. Treadwell ; acting gunner, 0. D. John- 
stone ; acting carpenter, T. E. Kiley. 

The CoHconl is a third-class cruiser, really a gunboat, 
of 1,700 tons, with twin screws, length of two hundred 
and thirty feet, beam of thirty-six feet, draft of four- 
teen feet, and can make 17 knots. Her deck and con- 
ning tower are protected with light armor. She can-ies 
six 6-inch guns, two impound, two ;5-pouiid. and one 
1-pound rapid-fire guns, two 2-pound revolving cannon, 
two gatlings, and two torpedo tubes. She has a crew 
of 150 men. 

Officers: Commander, Asa Walker; lieutenant-com- 
mander, G. P. Colvocoresses ; lieutenants, T. B. Howard, 
P. W. Hourigan ; ensigns. L. A. Kiser, W. C. Davidson. 
0. S. Knepper ; passed assistant surgeon, R. G. Broderick ; 
passed assistant paymaster, E. D. Ryan : chief engineer. 
Richard Inch; passed assistant engineer, H. W. Jones; 
assistant engineer, K. 11. I>iiun. 



THE FLEETS COMPARED 



307 



The Petrel is 
a guiil)oat of SOO 
tons. She was 
launched iu Bal- 
timore in 1(S8S, 
is one hundred 
and seventy-six 
feet long, thirty- 
one feet beam, 
eleven feet seven 
inches iu draft, 
and makes 13.7 
knots an hour. 
Her deck and 
(i-inch guns are 
protected with 
armor. She car- 
ries four 6-inch 
guns, two 3-pound and one 1-pound rapid-hre guns, two 
1 -pound revolving cannon, and two gatlings. Her crew 
is 100 men. 

Officers: Commander. E. P. Wood: lieutenants. E. M. 
Hughes, B. A. Eiske. A. N. Wood, C. P. Plunkett; en- 
signs, G. L. Fermier. W. S. ]\Iontgomery ; passed assistant 
surgeon, C. D. Brownell ; assistant paymaster. G. G. Sie- 
bells ; passed assistant engineer. E. T. Hall. 

The MiCiilhieli is a revenue cutter of l."i(IO tons. Imilt 
of steel and armed with four 4-inch guns. She has a 
speed of 14 knots an hour, and carries a force of 130 
men. 




THIHTEEN-INCH SHELLS 



308 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

Admiral Montojo's Heet consisted of twelve vessels. 
The liv'nia C/irisfiiia, the flagship, was an armored cruiser 
of 3.090 tons ; she was launched at Ferrol in 1SS7. She 
had a single screw, was two hundred and eighty feet long, 
foi-ty-three feet in beam, had a mean draft of fifteen feet 
six inches, and a speed of 17A knots. She carried an arm- 
ament of six (5.2-iuch Hontorio lireech loaders, two 2.7-inch 
Hontorios, three 6-pouud, two 4-pound, and six 3-pound 
rapid-fii'e guns, two machine guns, and five torpedo tulies. 
She had a crew of 370 men. 

The Casillla was a wooden, second-class cruiser. launciied 
at Cadiz in LSSl. and was bark-rigged, with a single screw. 
Her length was two hundred and forty-six feet, her beam 
forty-six feet, her draft twenty-one feet, her displacement 
3,342 tons, and her speed 14 knots. Her armament con- 
sisted of four 5.'.)-inch Krupii guns, two 4.7-incli Krnpp 
guns, two 3.4-incli guns, two 2.'.»-inch K'rupp guns, eight 
rapid-fire guns, four 1-pound rcvohiiig cannon, and two 
torpedo tubes. She carried 30(1 nu'u. 

The Don Jiiiin ilr Aiisti-'m was an iron cruiser of tlie 
third class. She was launched at Trieste in ls7."). had a 
displacement of 1.130 tons, a length of two hundred and 
ten feet, beam of thiity-two feet, dj-aft of twelve feet six 
inches, and a speed of 14 knots. She carried an armored 
belt of from four to eight iiidics tliick and nine and 
one-half feet ))road. Her armament consisted of four 
4.7-inch Hontorio breechloaders, two 2.7-inch breeidi- 
loaders, twelve 3-pound quick-firers, four 1 -pound revolv- 
ing cannon, five machine guns, and four torpedo tubes. 
Her central batteries awd bulkheads were shielded 



THE FLEETS COMPARED 



309 



and her deck was pro- 
tected. She carried a 
crew of 17o men. 

The Dan Anton Id lie 
VI 1(1(1 was a third-class 
unprotected cruiser. 
She was launched at 
Caraca in 18S7. She 
was an iron single- 
screw vessel, two hun- 
dred and ten feet long, 
thirty-two feet beam, 
with a draft of twelve 
and a half feet, a dis- 
placement of 1,152 tons 
and a speed of 14 knots 
an hour. Her arma- 
ment consisted of four signaling on board a war-shif 

4.7-inch Hontorio breechloaders, and hve (i-pound Krupp 
rapid-flrers. She carried a crew of 173 men. 

The Vchisco was a small cruiser of the old type, 
launched at Blackwell in iSSl. She was of iron, with 
one screw, a length of two hundred and ten feet, a 
beam of thirty-two feet, a diaff <if thii-teen feet, a ton- 
nage of 1.1 :!'.), and a speed of 14 knots. She carried 
three O-inch Armstrong lireechloaders. two 'J-inch Hon- 
torio guns, and two machine guns. Her crew was 17;) 
men. 

The hh( (Ic CiiliK and Is/a dc Luzon were sister ships. 
They were both laid down at Elswick in 1886 and 









% . 






1 
#- 




fc-- 


M 




. 


If 


&S 


f" 


-r^. 1 


'^^M 


IBf 


f 


1 




^HKt 


1^^ 


1 


1^ '^»> ^ 


^b 


1 


Ik^toi '" "H 




1 


1 


H 



310 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

launched in 1SS7. They were third-chiss protected cruis- 
ers with two screws and carried military masts. Their 
length was one hundred and eighty-live feet, their l)eani 
thirty feet, their mean draft eleven feet six inches, their 
displacement l.ti4n tons, and their speed 1") knots. They 
were protected by steel deck plates and carried steel-clad 
conning tow^ers. The armament of each consisted of six 
4.7-inch Hontorio guns, four (j-pound rapid-firing guns, 
four 1-inch Nordenfeldt machine guns, and three torpedo 
tubes. They carried 164 men each. 

The Qiiiivs and VUlalohns were also sister ships, both 
launched at Hong-Kong, the former in 1895 and the 
latter in 1S9(). They were gunlioats of composite con- 
struction, single screw, one hundred and forty-five feet 
long, and twenty-three feet beam. Their tonnage was 347 
tons, and their speed 12 knots. They were each armed 
with two 6-pound rapid-firing guns, and two five-barreled 
Nordenfeldt machine guns. Each had a crew of 60 men. 

The gunl)oats El Cormi and (Icmral Lc^o were likewise 
sister ships. They were twin-screw iron vessels of 524 
tons displacement with engines of (ion horse power. They 
were l>uilt respectively at Caraca and Cartagena in 1S85. 
The El Conro was armed with three 4.7-inch Hontorio 
guns, two (luick-fire guns, two machine guns, and one tor- 
pedo tube. Her speed was 10 knots. The linural Lczo 
carried one 3.5-inch gun. liad one machine gun. and two 
torpedo tubes. The complement of each gunboat was 
9S men. 

The Miir>jH('s tlrl Diu-m was a dispatch boat used as a 
gunboat. She was an ii-(ni twin-screw vessel of 500 tons. 



THE FLEETS COMPARED 



311 



was built at La Sej'ne in 1S75, was one hundred and fifty- 
seven feet long and tw^enty-six feet in beam. Her speed 
was lU knots an hour. She carried one 6.2-inch muzzle- 
loading Palliser rifle, two 4.7-incli smoothbores, and a 
machine gun. Her complement was 9S men. 

Besides these the Spaniards had two transports, one 
of which carried two torpedo boats ; otherwise these latter 
vessels w^ere not in the fight. 

Taking the three items of class, armament, and com- 
plement, the two fleets stood as follows: — 

FLEET OF COMMODORE DEWEY 



Name 


Class 


Akmament 


11 

So 


Olympia* 


Protected Cruiser 
Protected Cruiser 
Par. Ptd. Cruiser 
Protected Cruiser 
Gunboat 
Gunboat 
Revenue Cutter 


Four S-in., ten .5-in.. 24 R. F. 
Four S-in., si.\ *i-lii., 12 H. F. 
Two S-in., six (i-in., 10 K. F. 
One 6-in., ten 5-in., 14 R. F. 
Six li-in., 9 R. F. 
Four t)-in., 7 R. F. 
Four 4-in. 


466 
R95 


BoST( )N 


272 
29,5 


CoN'CDRD . . 


^n() 


Petrel . .... 


KK) 




]m 







FLEET OF ADMIR.\L M0NT0.J0 



Reixa Christina* 


Steel Cruiser 


Six 6.2 in., two 2.7. 13 R. F. 


370 


C \ STILL.\ . .... 


W'ood Cruiser 


Four 5.9, two 4.7, two 3.4, two 
2.9 in., 12 R. F. 






300 


DoN.^NTONIO DE Ul.I.OA 


Iron Cruiser 


Four 4.7 in., .") R. F. 


173 


Don Juan de Austria, 


Iron Cruiser 


Four 4.7, two 2.7 in., 21 R. I . 


1V3 


IsLA DE Luzon 


Steel Ptd. Cruiser 


Six 4.7 in., 8 R. F. 


164 


IsL\ DE Cuba 


Steel Ptd. Cruiser 
Iron Cruiser 


Six 4.7, SR. F. 

Three 6-iii.. two 2.7. 2 R. F. 


164 


Vela SCO 


173 


Marques pel Duero . , 


Gunboat 


One 6.2. two 4.7 in., 1 R. F. 


9H 


General Lezo 


Gunboat 


One 3.5 in.. 1 R. F. 


98 


El Correo 


Gunboat 


Three 4.7 in., 4 R, F. 


116 


QuiRos 


Gunboat 


4 R. F. 


6U 


Villaloeos 


Gunboat 


4 R. F. 


60 


Two torpedo boats and 


two transports 







•The Flagship. 



312 LIFE OF AmilRAL DEWEY 

Epitomized, the comparative streDgtli was as follows: — 

George Dewey liatl four cruisers, two gunboats, one cut- 
ter, Hfty-seven classitied big guns, seventy-six rapid-tirers 
and macliine guns, and one thousand eight hundred and 
eiglit men. 

The Spanish admiral had seven cruisers, five gunboats, 
two torpedo boats, fifty-two classified ])ig guns, eighty- 
three rapid-tirers and machine guns, and one thousand 
nine hundred and forty-nine men. 

It cannot l)e denied tliat the Americans had a greater 
iniiiilier of heavy guns and that their ships were of more 
modern construction; nor must it be ()\crh)oked that tlie 
Spanish fleet was much more numerous, and that it had 
the immense assistance of protecting forts manned witli 
strong garrisons and mounting an unknown number of 
guns, of whose calibre and force the most terrible tales had 
been circulated by the Spanish press and officials. 

That the Spaniards were outclassed is true ; l)ut, 
thougli it may sound paradoxical, that the odds were 
with them and against the Anu'ricans is equally true. 
The superiority of George Dewey's fleet was not in num- 
ber of boats or men. nor the size or number of his guns. 
It was the superiority of his gunners as marksmen ; the 
advantage gained by pnictice and skill, coupled with 
Yankee ingenuity, and tlu' Jong and wisc^ head of the 
American commander, which made liis victory possible. 
and raised the standing of the American Navy to that 
of a first-rate power among the navies of tlie world. 
Had the positions hoon reversed, the Spanianls having 
the American boats and guns, and (ieorge Dewey in 



THE FLEETS (.'(JMPAKED 



313 




CAPTAIN BENJ. P. LAMBERTON 



command of the vessels and guns 
which were pitted against him. the 
result would have been the same — 
the Americans would surely have 
been the victors. 

The following brief l)i(>graphica! 
sketches of the prominent officers who 
served with George Dewey, in our 
late war with Spain, without whom 
the Admiral in his official report, 
says, he ''couln have done nothing." 
will be of interest to our readers: — 

Captain Benjamin Peffor Lamberton. Dewey's Chief 
of Staff at the Battle of Manila, was born in Pennsyl- 
vania, and graduated from the Naval Academy in 1S65. 
He was attached to the steam sloop S/is(//ir/nnn/((. of the 
Brazil squadron for one year, and the .Jiiiiiutu fi-om 1S66 
to 1867. when he went to the apprentice sliii) Sanitdiia. 
where he served until lyiil). In the meantime he had 
been four times promoted, a master in 1866. a lieutenant 
in the year following, and a lieutenant-commander in 
1868. 

From 1870 to 1874 he served on the Mulilcdii and 
the Dictator and was on toriHMhi duty in tlie year follow- 
ing. He went to the Boston navy yard in 1S7(), and 
afterward to the Portsmoutli navy yard. Fi-om 1S77 to 
1S7'.) he served on the Al<isl.(i of the Pacific station, when 
he became connected with the Bureau of E(piipinent. 
where he served until 1882. He was with the \'(ui(l<iHa 
for two years, and from 1885 to 1888 was a lighthouse 



•Mi 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 




CAPTAIN CHAS. V. GRIDLEY 



inspector. He whs iminioted to the 
rank of commander in iSS.j. and from 
ISSS to iSSi) was commandant of 
the Norfolk navj' j'ard. He next 
commanded the training ship Jmiies- 
foini for two years and then went 
to the Bureau of Yards and Docks. 
Captain Charles Vernon (iridley 
was horn in Indiana and appointed 
to the Naval Academy from Michi- 
gan. He graduated in 1S63 and 
was assigned to the steam sloop 
Oneida, where he served for two years. He was at 
the hattle of Mohile Bay. and at tlie close of the war 
was ordered to the liraol/i/i/, the flagship of the Brazil 
squadron, where he served two years, and on being 
transferred to the Kcdrsair/c on the same station he 
served two years there. He was promoted in 18(58, and 
served during the early seventies on the MoiidiH/aJic/a and 
for the following four years at the Naval Academy, during 
which time he served on tlie practice ship Coiisfrllation. 
He was on the TrcntiDi for two years, commanded the 
Jinncstoirn and i'Diisnioiifh. and was senior officer of the 
cruising training squadron during 1886. He was made a 
captain in March 1897. which position he held on the 
()h/»ij)ia at the Battle of Manila. He died at Kolie. 
Japan, June 4. 1898. 

Captain Nehemiaii Mayo Dyer was born in I'rovince- 
town, Mass., in 1889. educated in the public schools, served 
in the merchants' service from the age of fourteen to 



THE FLEETS COMPARED 



315 



twenty, enlisted and served in the fourth battalion of 
rifles, Massachusetts Volunteers, and was with Banks' divi- 
sion, Army of the Potomac. In April 1862 he was appointed 
an acting Masters mate in the Navy and assigned to the 
Cvyh')\ on which ship he served in the West Gulf squad- 
ron until he was for gallant conduct in capturing and 




KOBE AND HARBOR, JAPAN, WHERE CAPTAIN GRIDLEY DIED, JUNE 4, 1898 

burning the confederate schooner Isabc/Ir, promoted to 
acting ensign by Admiral Farragut and appointed to com- 
mand the Eiif/nna. In 1S65 he was promoted to acting 
volunteer lieutenant, and upon the surrender of the con- 
federate fleet under Commodore Farrand he was selected 
to command two of the surrendered vessels. He was 
made lieutenant in the navy in 1868, and a few months 



Mil) 



LIFK OF ADMll.'AL DEWEY 




COM. N. MAYO DYER 



afterward was promoted. On a rrniso. 
while attached to the Os.'^ipcc on the 
^lexican coast, in 1S70, he rescued a 
sailor from (Iniwnini; l\v jumping,' 
overboard, for which he was com- 
mended by the Secretary of the 
Navy. He has commanded a nuin- 
lier of vessels in the last twenty 
years, and was in char^je of th(^ 
BaUiiiKiir at the Battle of Manila. 

Captain Joseph Bullock I'oghhin 
was born in Kentucky and appointed 
from Illinois, graduating in ISI):]. He was promoted two 
years later and was assigned to the flagship fh-oal/i/n. where 
he served two years. He was executive officer of the 
I'liinicc in lS(i7. and on the steam frigate (hicn-icrc in 
ISGS. The next year he was on the .sailing sloop I'orfs- 
iiKiiifli. from which he was transferred to the itirlnitnud. 
on the European station. He com- 
manded the SdiKjiis for one year and 
the ('(ildfddo for another year. For 
two years he commanded the Monnii- 
(j(ili(/(i. on the Asiatic station, and on 
being promoted to commander in 
1882 was assigned to the Ai/mi/s. We 
was inspector of ordnance at League 
Ishind in ISDI. was made captain in 
ISDC), and commanded the Rulviiih at 
the Battle of Manila. This vessel re- 
turned to the United States on April captain joseph d. coghlan 




THE FLEETS COMPARED 



317 




CAPTAIN FRANK WILDES 



16. 1S09. landing at New York, and 
('aptain Coghlan and his brave crew 
received an enthusiastic ovation from 
the people. 

Captain Frank Wildes, of the 
Boston, is a native of Massachusetts, 
and was appointed to the Annapolis 
Naval Academy in iSBd. He grad- 
uated three years later, and was 
made an ensign the same day. 
He served on the steam sloop Loc/.-- 
(unnnia of the West Gulf squadron 
under Farragut, and took part in all the engagements, 
till the surrender of Fort Morgan. He was next as- 
signed to the monitor Cliich-osinr. and was on this vessel 
during her operations in Mobile Bay in the Spring of 
lS(i5. and until the occupation of Mobile. Three months 
later he was transferred to the iron-clad MaiHidiKir/,-, and 
remained with that vessel until she was ordered out of 
commission, when he went to the command of the trans- 
port Vanderhllf. In June 1S()(') he received his commis- 
sion as master, and one year later as lieutenant. He 
wa.s with the steamer Smrdinr until her wreck, on the 
north coast of Vancouver's Island, in 1S().S. From ISIU) 
to 1871 he served on board the steam sloop Foisacohi. and 
the frigate Fniiikl'm. In ]S7'2. he spent one year at the 
Boston navy yard, leaving there to serve as executive 
officer on the steam slooji U'l/imni/;/. in the West Indies, 
until 1874. when he was transferred to the W'ni/r/nisi'ff. 
In 1875 he was at the toi-pedo scliooi at Newfiort. 



318 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 




COMMANDER ASA WALKER 



afterwards assigned to the iron-clad 
Dicf/ifar for two years, and on special 
ordnance duty at Cold Spring. N. Y.. 
until ISSO. The same year he re- 
ceived his commission as commander, 
and was assigned to the Y'liifir. of 
the North Atlantic station. Three 
years later he was transferred to 
shore duty at the Portsmouth navy 
yard, and subsequently as lighthouse 
inspector. He next commanded the 
Y(ir/.i(iiri/ for one year, followed hy 
another period of shore duty at the navy yard at Norfolk. 
In .luly. 1S'.)4. he was promoted to the rank of captain, 
and assigned to the command of the receiving .ship lji(Jr- 
Ix'iiiU'iice at the Mare Island navy yard. In 1S95. he was 
oi'dered to the liastou. which vessel he commanded at 
the Battle of Manila Bay. During this famous naval 
engagement, it is said of Captain Wildes, that he was 
second only to the commodore of the fleet in his cool- 
ness and mastery of the situation, standing on the bridge 
of the Bosfon, during the conflict, calmly smoking a 
cigar and fanning himself with a palm-leaf fan. After 
the Battle of Manila, 181)8, Captain \Vildes was assigned 
to duty as captain of the navy yard at Brooklyn. 

Commander Asa Walker, of the Conainl. has been in 
the naval service since Novemlier '21. 1S(J"2. He is a 
native of New Hampshire. <hi Mai'cli Vl. istis. he was 
made an ensign; (>n .March -Jl. Is7n. ;i licutfuant ; on De- 
cember ]"2. 18S4. a lieutenant-commaiiiler: and on April 



THE FLEETS COMPARED 



3iy 




COM. EDWARD P. WOOD 



11. 1S94. a commander. He was as- 
signed to the ConeonJ, May 22, 1S97. 

Commander Edward Parker Wood, 
of the rdrcl, is from Ohio. After 
four years in the Naval Academy he 
became a midshipman. Septeml)er 2'.). 
l.S(5o. His promotion to ensigncy oc- 
curred in October 1S6S. In ls()<) he 
became a master and in the year 
following a lieutenant. His next 
promotion was on Septemlier 20. 
ISDd, when he became a lieutenant- 
commander. He took charge of the I'dnl. December K). 
1896, and on July 13, 1S97. was promoted to the grade 
of commander. 

Captain Daniel B. Hodgsdon. commanding the McChI- 
hwli, is a native of New York. On Novemlier 12. IMIS. 
he completed his thirty-seventh year as an ofticer of the 
revenue marine, which he first joined at Baltimore in 
ISOI. with the commission of third lieutenant. On .Inly 
14, lS(i3. he was promoted to second lieutenancy, and on 
July 14. 1S(U. his commission as fii'st lieutenant was 
presented him. September 14. iSliS. saw him wcniring the 
insignia of captain, the highest rank in the s(>rvice. a posi- 
tion he reached in about seven years. In his tliirty-srvcu 
years' service Captain Hodgsdon has spent twenty-live 
years and two months on Atlantic coast stations, seven 
and a half years on the lakes, two and a half years on 
the Pacific, including nine months in .\laska. and six 
years on life-saving duty. 



.<5:etl!,'T-5€l 




sE Uxt 1*h;ili|)praef 



Cin]lBUTiJ>«UM 






.f — -(- 



I 



CHAPTER XII 
OFF/CL-^L ST.-ITEMENTS 

THE PART PLAYED BY EACH OF THE VESSELS IN THE AMERICAN 
SQUADRON AS TOLD BY THE CO.V\MANDIN( j AND EXECU- 
TIVE OFFICERS OF ADMIRAL DEV^EY'S FLEET 



(Dhjmpi 




UK fdllowiiig ivpcirts iiiado to Ad- 
miral (ieorge Dewey liy the otti- 
oers of the American ve.-^sels trive 
ill detail the story of the Battle 
of Manila, as viewed from the 
In-idge. by each of the command- 
ers and execntive otticers: - 



FROM CAPTAIN CHARLES V. GRIDLEV 
United States Flaoshu- Oi.ympia. i 
Off Manila. Philippine Islands. 
May 3. 1S9S. \ 



■«7--^55^:S5 



Fl.t^phip of Z\dmiriil Ocufij 

Sir: — I have the honor to make the following report 
of this ship's engagement with the enemy t)U May 1 : 

On April 80 we stood down for the entrance to Manila 
Bay. At '.•:4J 1'. M. the crew were called to general (niar- 
tei-s (the ship having been previonsly cleared for action) 
and remained liy their guns, ready to return the tire of 
the batteries if called upon. 

(320) 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 321 

At about 11:30 P.M. we passed through Boca Clraude 
entrance to Manila Bay. The lights on Corregidor and 
Caballo Islands and on San Nicolas Banks were extin- 
guished. 

After this ship had passed in. the battery on the 
southern shore of entrance opened fire at the ships 
astern, and the Midi/IorJi and the IJosfou returned the fire. 

At 4 A. M. of May 1 coffee was served out to officers 
and men. At daybreak sighted shipping at Manila. 
Shifted course to southward and stood for Cavite. At 
5:06 two submarine mines were exploded near, Cavite 
bearing south-southeast, distant four miles. At 5:15 bat- 
tery on Sangley Point opened fire, but the shell fell short. 
Other shells passed over us. ranging seven miles. At 5:41 
A. M. we opened fire on Spanish ships with forward 8-inch 
guns, which were soon followed liy the 5-incli battery. A 
rapid fire was kept up until the close of the action. 

The range varied from five thousand six hundred to 
two thousand yards. 

A torpedo ))oat ran out and headed for this ship, l)ut 
was finally driven )>ack l)y our secondary battery. She 
came out a second time and was again repulsed. This 
time she had to be beached, as several shot had hit her. 

Batteries from Manila fired occasional shots at the 
ships during the action, but did no damage. 

At 6:20 turned to starl)oard and headed back in 
front of the Spanish line. The 0/i/ihjiI<i led the column 
three times to the westward and twice to the eastward 
in front of the Spanish ships and shore batteries. On 
one occasion the Spanish flagship Rciua Christ hia was 

D.-ai 



822 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

liit by an 8-inch shell from our forward turret aud 
raked fore and aft. At 7:85 ceased hring aud stood 
out into Manila Bay. 

The men went to breakfast. 

Many of the Spanish ships were seen to be on fire, 
and when we returned at IhlG to complete the de- 
struction of the Spanish fleet, only one. the Don Aiifoiiio 
ih- Vlhia, and the shore batteries returned our tire. The 
former was sunk and the latter w-ere silenced. 

At 12:40 P.M. stood back to Manila Bay and anchored. 

Besides making the ordinary preparations of clearing 
ship for action, the heavy sheet chains were faked up 
and down over a buffer of awnings against the sides 
in wake of the 5-inrh ammunition hoists, and afforded 
a staunch protection, while iron and canvas barricades 
were placed in various places to cover gun's crews and 
strengthen moderate defenses. 

The vessel was struck or slightly hulled as follows: — 

L Plate indented one and one-half inches starboard 
side of superstructure just forward of second 5-inch 
sponson. 

2. Three planks torn up slightly in wake of forw^ard 
turret on starboard side of forecastle. 

3. Port after shrouds of fore and main rigging. 

4. Strongback of gig's (la\its hit and slightly damaged. 

5. Hole in frame of ship between frames sixty-five 
and sixty-six on starboard side below main deck rail, 
made by a (i-pounder. 

(■). Lashing of port whaleboat davit carried away by 
shot. 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 825 

7. One of the rail .stancliion.s carried away outside of 
liort gangway. 

8. Hull of ship indented on starlioard side one foot 
below niaindeck rail and three feet abaft No. 4 coal port. 

The forward 8-inch guns fired twenty-three shells. 
The ammunition hoist was temporarily out of commis- 
sion on account of the blowing of the fuse. The right 
gun worked well with the electrical batteries. Battery 
of left gun failed to explode the primer after the first 
shot; also resistance lamp in dynamo circuit liroken. 
Used percussion primers in this gun with good results 
after the first shot. 

The after turret fired thirteen shells. Had three mis- 
fires with battery of right gun and two with dynamo cir- 
cuit, as fuses blew out. In renewing the fuses they were 
immediately l)lowu out, so shifted to percussion primers 
with good results. In left guu one shell jammed, after 
which used half-full and half-reduced charge, which fired 
it. Battery of this gun gave good results. ()ne primer 
failed to check gas. 

The smoke from the 5-inch battery and from the for- 
ward 8-inch guns gave considerable trouble, and in both 
turrets the object glass of the telescopic sights became 
covered with a deposit from the powder and had to be 
wiped off frequently. These are. nevertheless, considered 
good sights for heavy guns ; but it is recommended that 
bar sights be installed in case of emergency as there is no 
provision for sighting other than with the telescoijcs. 

The batteries for the 5-inch guns found to be unreli- 
able. Used dynamo circuit on three guns with good 



326 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

results. Ammuuitiuu poor. Many shells became detached 
from the cases on loading and had to be rammed out 
from the muzzle. Several cases jammed in loading and 
in extracting. Guns and gun mounts worked well. Fired 
about two hundred and eighty-one 5-inch shells. 

The 6-pounder battery worked to perfection, tiring one 
thousand rounds. Fii-ed three hundred and sixty rounds 
of 1-pounder and one thousand rounds of small-arm am- 
munition. 

From S)-A-2 P.M. of April ;J0 till 12:40 P.M. of May 1. 
two divisions of the engineer's force worked the boilers 
and engines, keeping up steam and working well, notwith- 
standing the heat of the Hre and engine rooms. The 
third division worked at their stations in the powder 
division. 

The ship needs no immediate I'epairs and is in excel- 
lent condition to engage the enemy at any time. 

There were no casualties nor wounded on this ship. 
Where every ofiicer and man did his whole duty there 
is only room for general praise. Pay Inspector D. A. Smitli. 
Fleet Pay Clerk Wm. J. Rightmire. and Pay Clerk W. M. 
Long all volunteered for and performed active service not 
required by their stations. Ensign II. II. Caldwell, secre- 
tary to the commander-in-chief, volunteered for fighting 
duty and was assigned to the command of a subdivision 
of the 5-inch battery. Mr. J. L. Stickney, correspondent 
of the New York Herald (and formerly a naval officer of 
exceptional ability), served as a volunteer aid to the com- 
mander-in-chief and rendered invalual)le assistance in car- 
rying messages and in keeping an accurate account of 



I 



I 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 329 

the battle. One 6-i3ounder was manned by a crew of ma- 
rines, and two relief crews for the 5-inch guns and two 
for the 6-poiinders acted as sharpshooters under Captain 
W. Biddie, U. S. M. C. 

The range was obtained by cross-bearings from the 
standard compass and the distance taken from the chart. 
I am, sir. very respectfully, 

Charles V. Gridley. 
Captain United States Navy. Commanding United States 

Flagship (Jlijiiqii((. 
The Commander-in-Chief, 

Asiatic Station. 



from captain DANIEL B. HODGSDON 
United States Steamshii- McCulloch. 



ES bTEAMSHII- McCuLLOCH. ) 

Manila Bay. May 3, 1808. ( 



Sir: — Regarding the part taken by this vessel in the 
naval action of Manila Bay at Cavite, on Sunday morn- 
ing. May 1. ISUS, between the American and Spanish forces, 
I have the honor to submit the following report: — 

Constituting the leading vessel of the reserve squadron, 
the MfCiiUorJi was, when fire opened, advanced as closely 
as was advisable in rear of our engaged men of war, in 
fact, to a point where several shells struck close aboard 
and others passed overhead, and kept steaming slowly 
to and fro. ready to render any aid in liei- power, or 
respond at once to any signal from the O/t/ii/pid. A 
9-inch hawser was gotten up and run aft. should assist- 
ance be necessary in case any of our siiips grounded. .Vt 



330 I.IKK OF ADMllIAL 1>KWEY 

a later liour duiiiii,' the ilay, just pj-ior to the renewal of 
the attaek by our squadron, I intercepted the British 
mail steamer Ksiiin-nlihi, in compliance with a signal 
I'lom tlio Hagship. communicated to lier commander your 
orders in regard to his movements, and then proceeded 
to resume my former position of the morning, near the 
fleet. whei'B I remained until the surrender of the enemy. 
1 desire to state in conclusion that I was ably seconded 
l)y the ofhcers and crew of my command in every effort 
made to be in a state of readiness to carry out promptly 
any orders which might have been signaled from your 
flagship. Respectfully yours, 

Daniel B. Hodgsdon, 
Captain R. C. S.. Commanding. 
Commodore George Dewey, l'. S. N.. 

Commanding I'nited States Naval Force on Asiatic 
Station. 



FROM CAPTAIN FRANK WILDES 

United States Stkam>iiii' IJoston. Skcond Rate, ) 

Pour Cavitk. .^[AMLA Bay. May 3. 1808. \ 

Sir: — I have the honor to submit the following report 
of the part taken by this vessel in the late action with 
the Spanish fleet on the morning of May 1 : — 

At daylight the merchant ships off Manila were seen, 
and soon after the Spanish fleet, close in to Cavite. 
This vessel was the sixth in the column and brought uj) 
the rear. Several shots were fired by the batteries in 
Manila, and two shots were given in reply. At 5:35 A. M. 
action with the enemv commenced and was coutiuued at 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 331 

varying distances, steaming in a circle, until 7:35 A. M., 
tiring with a fair degree of deliberation and accuracy. 
At times the smoke was dense, interfering very materially 
with manoeuvring and tiring. 

The Spanish Heet and shore batteries replied vigor- 
ously, and an attempt was made with an improvised tor- 
jiedo boat, but our fire was overpowering, and the enemy 
received heavy damage and loss. 

In obedience to signal I withdrew from action at 7:35, 
and gave the crew breakfast and rest. 

At 11:10 the action was renewed, and continued until 
the enemy ceased firing and his ships were all burned, 
sunk, or withdrawn behind the arsenal of C'avite. 

This vessel was struck four times by enemy's shot, 
doing no material damage. Our own fire destroyed 
three of onr own lioats and badly damaged three 
others. 

Xo casualties occurred. 

The conduct of officers and men on this trying oc- 
casion was of the very highest quality, and they bore 
themselves with courage and spirit, and entirely to my 
satisfaction. It also gives me pleasure to bear witness 
to the courage and resolution of the Spanish fleet, and 
to say that they defended themselves creditably. 
Very respectfully. 

Frank Wildes. 
Captain U. S. N.. Commanding. 
The Commaxder-in-Chief. 

Commanding United States Na\al Force on Asiatic 
Station. 



332 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

FROM LIEUTENANT-COMMANDER J. A. NORRIS 

UxiTKD States Steammiu' Bostox, Second Kate, ^ 

Manila Bay. .May 1. 1898. ( 

Sir: — 111 accordance with Article No. 525, United States 
Navy Regulations of IS'JS, I have the honor to make 
the following report of the noteworthy incidents which 
came under my oljservation on board the ship during 
the engagement this day with the Spanish fleet and shore 
batteries at Cavite. This vessel being stationed at the 
rear of the column, did not come into action until after 
the other ships. Firing commenced from the port main 
battery at 5:35, and continued until 7:35 A. M. 

The guns were served rapidly and well. There being 
no quick and accurate method of finding the range, it 
was found that a considerable number of shots appar- 
ently fell short. Had the ship been provided with a 
range finder the effectiveness of the firing would have 
been somewhat increased; as it was, the result was gen- 
erally good. After passing the enemy a countermarch 
was made, and fire was opened with the starboard bat- 
tery. This manoeuvre was i-epeated several times, until 
the enemy seemed to be silenced. During this part of 
th(> engagement full charges with common shell were used 
in all guns of the main battery. The guns generally 
worked well, but after an hour's fighting it was found 
that most of the breech plugs of the 6- and 8-inch guns 
were expanded l)y the he'at, so as to make it a somewhat 
difficult operation to close the l)reech. After firing the 
forward S-incli for lialf an liinir it was found necessary 
to put in a new gas-check \nit\. and the filing was tlien 



I 




WILLIAM R. DAY, EX-SECRETARY OF STATE 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 335 

continued. The wire breechings of No. 2 six-inch gun 
(starboard) were carried away near the end of the hrins 
The lock of No. 3 six-inch (port) was disaliled and a spare 
one substituted. The vent of the port after 6-inch be- 
came choked up aljout the end of the first engagement, 
and a spare mushroom was substituted. At 7:35 the fleet 
hauled oft" for a rest and consultation. The enemy's ship 
liciiia Clirist'nia and the smaller vessels had withdrawn 
behind the point and were on tire. The CasfJIla was ap- 
parently aground. This latter vessel was set on fire and 
abandoned ])y the enemy. 

The action was i-esumed at 11:10 A. M., the starboard 
battery being first engaged. The reply was principally 
from the f(jrts, but these were soon silenced. Advantage 
had been taken of the interval to put the battery in 
order again. The breechings on No. 2 six-inch were re- 
placed by the gunner's mate of the division. The guns 
were still very hot. and the Ijreech plugs became still 
harder to work. The forward 8-inch gun was put out of 
commission for about twenty minutes from this cause. At 
12:20 P. M. the ship was turned around and the port bat- 
tery brought into play. At 12:40 '"Cease firing" was 
sounded, a white flag having lieen raised at Cavite. 

During the whole engagement the ammunition supply 
was kept up in a highly efficient manner. As soon as a 
gun was fired, another charge was on hand. It was in- 
tensely hot on the lierth deck and in the magazine and shell 
rooms. Several of the after powder divisions were temi)or- 
arily disabled from this cause and men had to be taken from 
the second and third divisions to till their places. . . . 



336 LIFE OF AD:\imAL DEWEY 

The following very slight injuries resulted from the 
enemy's fire : Four-inch shell pierced foremast thirteen 
feet seven inches above the upper deck, going through 
from starboard to port, cutting one svpifter of standing 
rigging on port side ; one 2-inch shell pierced turtle- 
back five feet forwai-d of port amidship 6-inch gun. five 
feet from gun deck ; one 2-inch shell pierced ship's side 
fourteen inches al)ove load line, passing through state- 
room No. 5, on port side, exploding berth and drawers ; 
one 2-inch shot pierced the outside shell of hammock 
netting on port side abreast after end of chart room, 
exploding on inside among some men's clothing, setting 
it on fire; a shell grazed after jmrt of the main top- 
mast, just above the lower cap. 

, The discharge of the after S-inch gun. when it was 
pivoted to port and fired across the deck, caused great 
damage in the rooms below on the port side ; the seams 
of the deck were opened to some extent. 

Toward the end of the first period of firing the 
electric-bell system of communication with the central 
station became partially disabled, the shock of the dis- 
charge lireaking the wires. 

The ship's boats were covered with canvas, with their 
sails disposed on the inboard side. They received injuries 
from the discharge of guns in their vicinity as follows: — 

First whaleboat — Side blown out and back broken; 
complete wreck. 

First cutter — Starboaid (|ii;irtei- l)lown off: eiglit tim- 
l)ers and gunwale broken : jihinking all over opened and 
split ; complete wreck. 



i 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 337 

Second cutter — Five planks l)lown out; bow tinil)ers 
started, bow sagged: stern timbers broken away from 
fastenings and planking started; seams all opened; com- 
plete wreck. 

Third cutter — Whole port quarter broken from fasten- 
ings ; can be repaired on board. 

Sailing launch — Whole starboard strake on nort side 
blown off ; one after frame broken : can be repaired on 
board. 

Dingy — Calking started; can be repaired on l)()ard. 

Steam launch — Starboard side three planks l)lown off 
bow ; wood ends started from stem ; deck planks started ; 
boat spread ; planking on starl)oard side started from 
fastenings ; calking generally started ; cannot be repaired 
on board. 

There were no casualties among the crew. The shell 
which pierced the foremast did not explode, but scat- 
tered small pieces of iron from the mast which slightly 
scratched one or two of the occupants of the bridge. 

Too much cannot be said in praise of the conduct of 
the officers and men who came under my ol)servation. 
Very few, if any, of them had ever been under fire be- 
fore, but their coolness was remarkable. They were 
full of zeal, energy, and enthusiasm, and were untiling. 
Where the conduct of all was so commendal)le it would 
be impossible to single out any individual for special 
praise. One noteworthy feature was the conduct of the 
Chinese niessmen who were stationed in the after powder 
division. While they are usually considered alien in 
their ideas and are not regarded as good fighters, yet in 

D— 23 



338 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

this case they disphiyed as much zeal, bravery, aud en- 
ergy as auy other person. The uninterrupted ammuni- 
tion supply in the after part of the ship was largely 
due to their efforts. 

The three men, William Woods, seaman. Charles W. 
Lenderman and William K. White, apprentices, first class, 
sentenced by general court-martial to terms of imprison- 
ment and who were made prisoners at large the day be- 
fore the engagement, displayed the same zeal, bravery, 
and energy which characterized the remainder of the 
crew. Very respectfully 

J. A. NORRIS, 

Lieutenant-Commander V. S. N.. Executive Officer. 
The Commanding Officer, 

United States Steamship Bnsfini, Second Rate, Manila 
Bay. 



FROM CAPTAIN NEHEMIAH M. DYER 

United States Steamshit Baltimore, ) 
Manila, Piin.ii'riN'E Islands, !Miiy 4, 18US. \ 

Sir: — I have the honor to make the following report, 
as required l)y Article 437. Navy Regulations, of the en- 
gagement of this ship with the Spanish fleet aud shore 
liatteries at Sangley Point. Cavite Bay. on the first in- 
stant : — 

At early daylight the fleet had reached a point close 
up to the shipping off the city of Manila, when the sig- 
nal was made, "Prepare for general action." Spanish 
batteries near old Manila opened fire at long range at 



I 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 341 

aliout the same time. Flagship leading, with port helm, 
hore down on the right of Spanish line of vessels, formed 
in a somewhat irregular crescent at anchor, extending from 
off Sangley Point to the northeast, and in readiness to re- 
ceive us, their left supported by the batteries on Sangley Point. 

Following your lead in close order, our fire com- 
menced with the port battery at about 5:40 A. M., at a 
distance of about six thousand yards. 

Our column passed down the enemy's line, turning 
with port helm as their left was reached, engaging them 
with starboard battery on the return. This manoeuvre 
was performed three times at distances from the enemy's 
shijjs varying from two thousand six hundred to five 
thousand yards, when you signaled, "'Withdraw from ac- 
tion." at 7:35. 

Upon reaching a convenient distance in the bay, you 
signaled, "Let the people go to breakfast"; and at 8:40, 
'■ Commanding officers repair on board the flagship." 

While on board the flagship I received an order to 
intercept a steamer coming up the bay, reported to be 
flying Spanish colors. 

Soon after starting on this duty I discovered ttii' 
colors of the stranger to lie British, and so reported by 
signal, you having in the meantime made general signal 
to get under way and follow your motions, this ship be- 
ing at the time some two miles to the south-southwest 
of the flagship on her way to intercept the supposed 
Spanish steamer. 

At 10:55 you made general signal "Designated vessel 
will lead," with lUilfiniores distinguishing pennant, and in 



:^,42 LIFE OF AD.MIKAI. DEWKV 

a few niimites signal to "Attack the enemy's Imtteries 
or earthworks," and for the fleet to "Hose up"; in ol)e- 
dience to which order this ship led in. with starboard 
hehn. to a position off the Cauacao and Sangley Point 
batteries and opened tire with starboard battery at a dis- 
tance of about two thousand eight hundred yards, closing 
in to two thousand two hundred, lietween which and two 
thousand seven hundred yards our best work was done, 
slowing the ship dead slow, stopping the engines as range 
was obtained, delivering a rapid and accurate fire upon 
the shore batteries and gunboat just inside of Sangley 
Point, since proven to have been the Dmi Aiitdnio ilr 
nion, practically silencing the batteries in question be- 
fore the tire of another ship became effective, owing to 
the lead we had obtained in our start for the supposed 
Spanish steamer. 

The fire of ships and batteries having been silenced 
and the white flag displayed on the arsenal buildings 
at Cavite. you signaled, at 1:20, "Prepare to anchor." 
and at 1:30, "Anchor at discretion." 
The victory was complete. 

The wind was light and variable during the first 
engagement and from the northeast; force two to three 
during the second. 

The firing devices gave considerable trouble, extractors, 
sear springs, and firing pins bending and breaking, and 
wedge l)l()cks jamming. Electric firing attachments gave 
trouble by the grease and dirt incident to firing in- 
sulating the connections, so niucli so that sliortly after 
the engagement commenced they were abandoned for 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 343 

percussion ; but coolness and steadiness replaced defec- 
tive parts in the shortest possilile time. 

The ammunition supply was ample, and the test was 
conclusive so long as electric hoists were uninjured. 

The behavior of otiicers and men was beyond all praise. 
The accuracy and rapidity of their fire you were an eye- 
witness of. The steadiness and cool bearing of all on board 
who came under my own olxservation was that of veterans. 

The fact that the ship was so rarely hit gave few 
opportunities for conspicuous acts of heroism or daring, but 
the enthusiasm and cool steadiness of the men gave promise 
that they would have been equal to any emergency. 

I shall report later such detail of individual merit 
as has been mentioned by officers of divisions or that 
came under my own oliservation. 

I inclose (a) report of executive otticer; (A) surgeon's 
report of casualties: (r) carpenter's report of damages; 
((/) report of ammunition expended. 

Very respectfully, 

Nehemiah M. Dyer, 
Captain U. S. N.. Commanding. 
The Commander in Chief. 

United States Naval Force. Asiatic Station. 



FROM lieutenant-commander .JOHN B. BKIGGS 

UxiTEi) States Stea.msliip BAi.riMoitK. ^ 

Off .Manila. Mav S. ISSIS. \ 

Sir: — In compliance with Article 5-25. United States 
Navy Regulations. I have the following report to subiuit 
of the action of ^lav 1. at Cavite. 



344 LIFE OF ADMIKAL DEWEY 

The B(i//iii>iirc was engaged twice during the day in com- 
pany with the other vessels of the squadron. The action 
of the battery and the conduct of all connected with it 
and its service were admirable. It is difhcult to discrim- 
inate where coolness and efficiency prevailed throughout 
the ship's company. The spirit and readiness of all were 
in the highest degree commendable. The service of the 
guns and the delivery of ammunition were most prompt, 
and the experience has indicated to me that when oc- 
casion demands, the supply of ammunition is sufficient 
to meet all probable wants. 

The Ba/fiiiioir was struck five times, with small pro- 
jectiles, all of which, with one exception, exploded or 
broke up. The most serious hit, happily attended with no 
serious injury to any officer or man, came from a 4.7-inch 
steel projectile, which entered the ship's side forward of 
the starboard gangway, about a foot above the line of the 
main deck. It passed through the hammock netting, 
downward through the deck planks and steel deck, bend- 
ing and cracking deck beam in wardroom stateroom 
No. 5, then glanced upward through the after engine 
room coaming, over against the after cylinder of No. 3 
()-inch gun (port), carrying away lug and starting several 
shield bolts, and putting the gun out of commission ; 
deflected over the starboard side, striking a ventilator 
ladder and dropping on deck. In its i)assage it struck a 
!)()x of 3-pounder ammunition of the fourth division, ex- 
ploding several charges, and wounded Lieutenant Kellogg. 
Ensign Irwin, and six men of the gun's crew, none very 
seriouslv. A second shot came in about a foot above 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 345 

the berth deck, just forward of the blowers, passed through 
the 'thwart-ship alleyway, hitting the exhaust pipe of 
the starboard blower, causing a slight leak. A third shot 
struck about two feet above the water line on the port 
side, abreast bunker B-110, passed into the bunker, cutting 
blower drain and main air duct, and exploding in bunker. 
A fourth shot came in about six feet above the berth 
deck, starboard side, abreast the forward end of the for- 
ward washroom, and broke up in a clothes locker. A fifth 
struck the starboard forward ventilator, slightly bending it. 

The upper cabin skylight, the after range finder, and 
the two whaleboats hanging at the davits were all de- 
stroyed by the shock of discharge from the 8-inch guns 
of the second division. 

The holes in the port side were temporarily plugged 
with leak stoppers and afterwards patched with rubber 
and iron patches. 

No. 4 gun was gotten ready for use by the afternoon 
of May 2, Ensign N. E. Irwin devoting intelligent per- 
sonal efforts to the accomplishment of the work. 

John B. Briggs, 
Lieutenant-Commander U. S. N.. Executive Officer. 
The Commanding Officer. 



FROM CAPTAIN .TOSEPH B. COG II LAN 

UxiTEi> States Steamship Kai.kic;h. 1 

Off Manila, Luzox. May 4, 1898. \ 

Sir:— I have the honor to submit the following report 

of the operations of this vessel of your squadron duiing 



346 LIFE OF ADMIKAL DEWKY 

the engagement with the Spanish squadron and shore 
batteries at Cavite, near Manila, on the morning of May 
1, 189S: — 

At about 12:10 A. M. of May 1, when passing in col- 
umn, natural order, abreast of El Fraile Island, at the 
entrance to the bay, I observed a flash, as of a signal 
thereon, and at about 12:15 A. M. a shot was tired from El 
Fraile, passing, as I think, diagonally between the Pcfrcl 
and this vessel. A shot was fired in return, but with- 
out effect, by the starboard after 5-inch gun of this 

vessel. 

At 5 A. M., when the squadron was nearly abreast 
the city of Manila, and the flagship was turning to pass 
down toward Cavite, the Luuetta battery, of apparently 
heavy guns, at Manila, opened fire and continued so long 
as the squadron was in action. This vessel shifted position 
from starboard to port (inside) quarter of the BaJfimnre, 
and held that position until retired at 7:85 A. M. At a 
few minutes after 5 A. M. tliis vessel, so soon as the Span- 
ish vessels at Cavite bore on the port liow. opened fire with 
the 6-inch gun. and then with the 5-inch guns in suc- 
cession, as fast as they would hear. The secondary bat- 
tery guns did not seem to reach the enemy, and their 
fire was soon stopped and not again used until the dis- 
tance was considerably lessened. At 1 1 :-Jn A. ]\I.. when 
signal \vas made to re-engage, this vessel started ahead 
full speed (using reserve speed) to keep up with the flag- 
ship, but it was found to he impossible, and falling lie- 
hind all the time. I cut across to gain line abreast of 
Cavite battery just as tlie flagship iiassed the lid/fiinore 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 347 

at that port, at wliieh time we opened tire with all guDS. 
At 12:00. in obedience to signal, this vessel attempted 
to get into the inner harbor to destroy the enemy's ves- 
sels, but getting into shoal water — twenty feet — was 
obliged to withdraw, and so reported. While attempting 
to get inside, the battery was used on a vessel of the 
enemy at anchor (supposed to be the Ddh Anfonin de 
Ulloa) until she sank. Not being able to find a channel 
farther inside, and everything in sight having l)eeu 
destroyed, this vessel at 1 : oO P. M. withdrew and 
later anchored near the flagship. I inclose a state- 
ment of the ammunition expended during the engage- 
ment. 

I am very pleased to report that the officers and crew 
behaved splendidly. Each and every one seemed anxious 
to do his whole duty, and. so far as I can learn, did it. 
Their whole conduct was beyond praise. 

This vessel was struck but once, and then ])y a 
6-poander shell, which passed through l^oth sides of the 
w^aleboat (above her water line), and then glanced along 
the chase of the starlward (>i)ounder on our poop. The 
gun was not injured, and the whaleboat but slightly, and 
she is again ready for service. 

I am happy to report that there were no casualties 
of any kind. 

This vessel at the close of the engagement was in as 
good condition as when it began, and without any prep- 
aration could have fought it over again. 

In conclusion, permit me to congratulate you uikhi the 
very brilliant victory you achieved over a naval force 



348 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWKY 

nearly e(|nal to your own and backed by extensive shore 
batteries of very heavy guns, and this without the hiss 
of a single life. History points to no greater achieve- 
ment. Very respectfully, 

Joseph B. Coghlan, 
Captain U. S. N.. Commanding. 
Cu.MMODOKE George Dewey. V. S. N., 

Commander-in-Chief United States Naval Force, Asi- 
atic Station. 



FROM COMMANDER EDWARD P. WOOD 

United Statks Steamship Petkel, ) 

.Manila Bav. :\Iay 4, 1898. ( 

Sir: — I respectfully report as follows concerning my 
share in the action fought by the fleet under your com- 
mand in Manila Bay, off Cavite, on the morning of May 
1, 181)8: — 

The ship had lieen partly cleared for action at Hong- 
Kong and on the run to Manila. Went to ([uarters for 
action at 1):45 P. M. of April :3(lth. and all }irpparations 
were completed. Hammocks were not piped down, but 
men were allowed to sleep at their guns. 

The position of the I'cfnl was fourth fi-oni head of 
column, astern of li(ilii(jli. and ahead of ('luicdn/. We 
passed in through Boca Grande, about one mile from El 
Fraile. All lights were masked and only stern lights 
showing. At 11 -.in a rocket and light were shown from 
Corregidor Island, and just as the Huh iijli and I'cfnl came 
abreast El Fraile three shots wei'e tired from a shore 




EX-UNITED STATES MINISTER TO MADRID, SPAIN 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 851 

battery on the rock, these being promptly replied to by 
the Bal('i(/li. ('om-ord, and Bosfmi. We steamed slowly np 
the bay, and just as day was breaking, about five o'clock, 
the shore batteries below Manila began firing. It was 
scarcely light enough to distinguish signals from this 
vessel when flagship made signal. "Prepai-e for action." 
so signal was repeated from the Bd/fiii/orc. During time 
column was forming and closing up, the batteries from 
below Manila were firing. As flagship stood to south- 
ward the ships and batteries at Cavite began their fir- 
ing, and gradually, as we approached, we could make out 
ships under way in harl)or and three guns on shore firing. 
The battery of this vessel began firing at 5: 22 by the 
deck clock at a range of five thousand yards. 

The column circled three times from east to west in 
front of shore, standing in a little nearer each time, the 
first time being three thousand yards, and the third time 
one thousand eight hundred yards. During these three 
rounds this vessel expended ninety-two (i-inch common 
shells, eighty-two 6-inch full charges, ten reduced charges, 
and two hundred and fifty-three 3-pounders. Several 
times during rounds had to cease firing on account of 
smoke and in order to economize ammunition. The 
greater part of our great-gun fire was at the Rciiio Chris- 
fiiia and Cdsfllhi. the former steaming around the liiirhor 
and the latter anchored about five hundred yards oft' 
Sangley Point; but the other and smaller vessels were 
fired at when opportunity offered. Especially was the 
fire of the rapid-fire guns aimed at a yellow launch, 
which was apparently a torpedo boat trying to turn our 



352 LIFE OF ADIMTRAL DE^YEY 

flank. The navigator. Lieutenant B. A. Fiske, was sta- 
tioned in the top. with a stadimeter, to determine the 
distance and report upon the efliciency of the fire. 

At 7:30 we ceased firing and withdrew from action 
in obedience to a signal from fiagship to fleet to that 
effect. The men were given their In-eakfasts. While 
withdrawing the enemy continued firing until we were 
well out of range, and the batteries below Manila were 
fii'ing at intervals during breakfast. At 11 :•_'(», when the 
signal was made to get under way. the Pctrtl followed 
the O/i/iiijiiii and stood well in. While steaming across 
the fire the signal w^as hoisted for the Petrel to pass in- 
side. 

This vessel left her station, passed outside of Balfimore, 
and rounded Sangley Point about five hundred yards out- 
side of where the Casfilld was burning. The fire was 
then directed at the Don Ant(iii'nt de U/Joo, and when it was 
found that she was sinking and deserted the ship passed 
farther inside and opened fire upon the ships l)ehind inner 
breakwater and whose masts were seen al)0ve government 
buildings. During the firing on the UZ/ad a white flag 
Avith a Geneva cross was discovered in range with her, 
and I stood in further so as to get it out of range. After 
the first two or three shots fired through the public build- 
ing at ships behind the mole, the Spanish flag was. at 
12:30 P.M., hauled down and a white flag run up. The 
surrender was immediately signaled to fleet, and firing 
ceased. 

In obedience to a signal fi-om flagship to destroy all 
ships in the harlior. Lieutenant Hughes was sent with a 



OFFICIAL STATEMEN'l'S 855 

whaleboat's crew of .seven men (this wlialeboat being the 
only one on the ship which would tioat) and set tire to 
the Don J linn ill- Aiisfr/ii. Is/n ile Ciihn, Is/n i/c Liiznii. (ini- 
irnl Iazo. and Miifijins ilrl Ihicrn. Afterwards Ensign Fer- 
niier was sent to set hre to the ]'r/iisrn and El Cnrz-i'ii. 
'I'he JsIk ill' Ciihii. fshi ill' Luzon. -And Dmi Jmni ili- Aiistriii 
were aground and full of water when they were Hred. 
Their outlioard valves were opened and the ships allowed 
to hll. The breech plugs of 4-inch guns had been taken 
off and could not l)e found. During the night the maga- 
zines of the Ihiii .liiini ill' Austria blew up. The Manila 
was not Iturned because the Spanish officers begged that 
she be not destroyed l^ecause she was unarmed and a 
coast-survey vessel. Lieutenant Fiske and Passed Assist- 
ant Engineer Hall raised steam on the shij) this nu)rning. 
the 4th instant, and brought her out. At the time she was 
aground. The Don Antonio ilr VI Ion was sunk and the llrina 
< 'lirisfiini and Castilln were burning in outer harlwr. 

Lieutenant Fiske was sent ashore and brought off two 
tugboats, the Biijiiilo and llnnilrs. and three steam launches. 

I was anchored in Cavite harbor from l'J:5() to 5:20 
P. M., when I got under way and returned to the fleet. 

There were no casualties or accidents of any kind, the 
ship having been struck only once just beneath hawse 
[)ipe by a piece of shell, wliich Inirst as it sank and 
threw a column of water over the forecastle. 

After the white flag was displayed, there was aiijiar- 
ently the greatest confusion in the arsenal. Parts of the 
crews of the various ships were there, and all were arnuMl 
and were constantly falling in and nun'ing about; yet 



35(5 LIFE OF AD:\IIKAL DEWEY 

there was no evidence of any desire to continue the fight- 
ing, and instead of any resistance being offered to the 
destruction of the ships, they were rather inclined to as- 
sist with their advice, and evinced a desire to surrender 
to the first officer they met. 

The action of amnuiiiitiou was exceedingly good. There 
were expended during action one hundred and thirteen 
()-inch common shells, three 6-inch armor-piercing shells, 
eighty-two 6-inch full charges, thirty-four 6-inch reduced 
charges, and three hundred and thirteen 3-pounder ammu- 
nition. Owing to the heat due to tiring, the pads swelled 
and made it very difficult to lock the breech plug. Noth- 
ing would remedy this save shifting plugs, replacing hot 
plug liy the one from the other gun which was cool. The 
wedge of hring lock jammed frequently, due to hot parts. 
This was remedied by shifting locks. 

The percussion jirimers worked very unsatisfactorily ; 
sometimes four primers would be expended before one 
would act. Primers leaked badly, causing excessive de- 
posit in i)rimer seat, hard extraction and delay in prim- 
ing of gun. and requiring frequent boring of vent. 

The action of no one can be censured, the conduct of 
each and every officer and num lieing excellent. 'J'here 
was no confusion: 1 should say less than at ordinary 
target practice. 

The loading was raiiidly done and the firing was de- 
lil)erate. Due to your caution to comuianding oilicers 
that lu) ammunition slu)uld be wasted. Lieutenant Plunk- 
ett fired the forward 6-iuch guns and Ensign Fei-niiei' 
the after ones, and the work was thoroughly done. Lien- 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 359 

tenant Hughes stationed himself on the poop, as it was 
deemed essential that he should not he with the com- 
manding otticer on the hridge. He materially assisted 
Ensign Ferniier hy observing fall of shot and tendering 
advice regarding pointing. 

I wish particularly to call to your attention Lieutenant 
Hughes, his gallantry in taking a boat's crew of seven 
men and in the face of a large armed force on shore, 
setting hre to the five ships liefore mentioned. He was 
aware that he had the only boat in the ship which 
would tloat, until the steam whaleboat could be prepared. 

Lieutenant Fiske stationed himself on the fore cross- 
trees with stadimeter to measure the I'ange and report 
on the fall of shots. He also took charge of the steam 
wdialeboat to cover Lieutenant Hughes in his operations 
in burning the ships. 

Lieutenant Wood had charge of the powder division, 
assisted in the after part by Assistant Paymaster Seibels. 
There was at no time a halt in the firing due to failure 
of the powder division. 

Ensign Montgomery was in charge of the signals, and 
materially assisted me on the liridge. He also directed 
the fire of the forward 3-pounder when it was allowed 
to be fired. He also afl'orded assistance to Lieutenant 
Plunkett by observing the fall of shots from the forwiird 
6-inch guns. 

I desire also to mention the etiicicnt service of tiu^ 
engines. In order to maintain our position and to take 
advantage of every opportunity, the engine telegraph was 
in constant use from full speed to stop, and the engine 



360 LIFE OF ADMIKAL DEWEY 

never failed to resiKnul in tlie (juickest time possible. 
This I consider to be dne to the high state of efficiency 
of that department, and the whole credit is due to 
Passed Assistant Engineer Hall. 

I can make no statement regarding the services of 
Passed Assistant Surgeon Browne! 1. as the Piird was 
most fortunate in having no casualties. 

I inclose the report of the executive officer. 

Very respectfully. E. P. Wood. 

Commander U. S. N.. Commanding. 
The Comm.\nder-in-Chief. 

United States Naval Force, Asiatic Station. 



FROM IJEUTENAXT EDWARD >I. HT'GHES 

United States Steamship Petkei,. | 

Off Cavitk. .Manila Bay. .May "J. 1S98. f 

Sir: — In accordance with the requirements of Article 
r)-_>."). Fnited States Navy Regulations. I have the honor to 
sulunit the following repoi-t concerning the part taken 
l)y this vessel in the general action fought yesterday off 
Cavite. in Manila Bay: — 

The shi]> was gradually cleared for action, this work 
having been begun in Hong-Kong, when the fore and fore- 
topsail yards, foretrysail gaff, ladders, diving outfit, part of 
the running rigging, etc.. were placed on board the trans- 
port X(i»f<lHni. and completed the day before the squadron 
entered Manila Bay. In tlu^ operation of |>reparing the 
sliip for action certain articles and material in the equip- 
ment and construction departments were necessarily thrown 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 361 

overboard. Among these may be mentioned all of the 
varnishes, intiammable paints and oils, tar. turpentine, etc., 
lumber, two boats' strong liacks, one turpentine chest, one 
ice chest, one large hammock box, the carpenter's bench, 
etc. During the action the discharge of the after 6-inch 
guns shattered the gig and hrst whalel»oat and they were 
cut adrift, carrying with them their outhts complete. 
These boats have lieen temporarily replaced by two taken 
from the enemy. 

No description of the manoeuvres during the action is 
included in this report. As regards the Pftn'l. the first 
shot was fired at 5:22 A.M. and the last one. before haul- 
ing off for breakfast, was fired at 7:o<) A.M. The times 
of beginning and finishing the firing during the second 
part of the action were, respectively. 11:80 A.M. and 12:30 
P. M.. at which latter time the Spanish flag on the arsenal 
sheers in Cavite was hauled down. 

The return of ammunition expended will be made liy 
the ordnance oflicer; but, approximately, al)()ut one-third 
of the entire supply on board for the 6-inch guns was ex- 
pended, including a large proportion of common shell and 
full charges. So far as c(nild lie observed, the fuses acted 
exceedingly well, all the shell bursting. Some complaint 
was made by the ofiicers commanding gun divisions that 
the primers frequently failed, both electric and percus- 
sion. 

The bearing of all on board was satisfacfoiy in the 
extreme, and I can specially call attention to no one in 
this connection. With little excitement, a ([uict enthu- 
.siasm and the utmost steadiness pivvailcil throughout 



362 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DF\YEY 

the ship's company. The practice of the gun captains 
was excellent, being both deliberate and precise. 

After the action was over, in oljedience to your instruc- 
tions, boats' crews from this vessel burned the following 
Spanish ships lying in Cavitr harbor: The protected 
Cl'uisers Don .Imni dr Aiisfrlii, I.IGO tons; Is/a ile Liizo)i, 1.050 
tons; Isla dc ChIki. 1.050 tons; the gunboats General L<-:o. 
520 tons; Manjais del Diieiv. 500 tons; El Correo, and one 
(not engined) name unknown. 

On rejoining the squadron, the /'r//v7 towed from Cavite 
to the anchorage off Manila, two small tugs — the Hapida 
and //rrr»/r.s — and three steam launches, which were this 
morning turned over to the flagship. 

No casualties occurred on l)oard. The vessel was not 
hit, save for a scratch on the stem, and no repairs will be 
necessary. That part of the equipment sacriHced in clear- 
ing for action should he replaced. 

Very respectfully, 

KuwARD M. Hughes, 
Lieutenant U. S. X.. Executive Officer. 
The Commanding Officer, 

United States Steamship I'rtrd. 



FROM COMMANDER ASA WALKER 

Un'itkd Statks Sri;AN[snii' (."(iNcintn. > 

Manila. M.xy "J. 1898. \ 

Sir: — lu compliance with Article 275. United States 
Navy Regulations, 1 ha\e to submit the following report 
of the late action so far as this vessel was concerued : — 




UNITED STATES PEACE COMMISSIONERS TO PARIS, OCTOBER 1, 1898 



i 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 365 

In obedience to your orders I took position in line. 
In passing the city a big gun opened on the fleet, to 
which I replied with two shots. The ('mn-ord held her 
position in the line until your order to withdraw from 
action. 

Later in the day I was ordered by you ti) burn a 
transport. To arrive at the position of the transport iiiy 
course lay .so as to open the dockyard and vessels therein, 
at which I took a few shots with the (l-inch battery. 
I succeeded in tiring the transport, which is still in flames. 

Each and every one of my sulwrdinates did his whole 
duty with an enthusiasm and zeal beyond all praise. I 
am particularly indebted to the executive ofticer. Lieuten- 
ant-Commander rieorge P. Colvocoresses. for the cool, de- 
liberate, and eflicient manner with which he met each 
phase of the action, and for his hearty co-operation in 
my plans. Lieutenant T. B. Howard, the navigator, proved 
that, like his father, he was ready to offer his life to 
his country and flag. The officers of divisions — Lieuten- 
ant P. W. Hourigan. powder; Lieutenant (junior grade) 
C. M. McCormick, third gun ; Elnsign L. A. Kaiser, second 
gun, and Ensign W. C. Davidson, first gun — performed 
every duty with zeal and alacrity. Ensign 0. S. Kneinier. 
in charge of signals, performed the duty as tlioiigb he 
were in the daily habit of being under Are. Passed As- 
sistant Paymaster E. I). Kyan volunteered to take charge 
of the after powder division, and was most useful therein. 
The steam department, under C'hief Engineer TI. P. Kansom 
and Passed Assistant Engineer H. W. Jones, was in per- 
fect condition, working as though on parade. I'ay Clerk 



;tc,(; LIFE OF ADMIRAL PEWEY 

F. K. Hunt volunteered to assist the surgeon. The crew, 
one and all. worked with enthusiasm. I have nothing but 
praise for each and every man. 

I am happy to report that there were no casualties. 
The CoHconI was not hit. 

The following is a list of the ammunition expended : 
One hundred and fifteen 6-inch full charges, sixty-seven 
()-inch reduced chai-ges. six shrapnel, one hundred and 
seventy-six fi-inch common shell, two hundred and twenty 
(5-pounder cartridges, one hundred and twenty 3-pounder 
cartridges, and sixty 1 -pounder cartridges. 

I inclose a list of the ammunition remaining on board, 
also the report of the executive ofhcer and of the chief 
engineer. \'ery respectfully, 

Asa Walker, 
Commander U. S. N.. ("ommaudiiig. 
TuE Commander-in-Chief, 

United States Naval Force, A.siatic Station. 



FROM LIEUTENANT-COMMANDER GEORGE P. COLVOCORESSES 

I'xiTEii States Stkamsiiii' Coxcoku. Tiiikii 1!ate, ) 

.Manila 1'.A^. May :1 ISUS. \ 

Sir:- \ have the honor to sultniit the full owing report 
of the action in Manila Hay : 

At 12:25 A.M.. May L ISIIS. the Concnnl. being in her 
assigned position in the column and cleared for action, 
entered the Hoca Grande. While passing El Fraile a rocket 
was Hred and soon followed by a shot from a battery on 
shore. This ship returned the tire. A second shot from 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 367 

the battery passed between our main and mizzen masts 
and over. We fired again, after which the battery did 
not reply. 

At 12:45 A. ^1.. wdiile approaching the anchorage off Ma- 
nila, we were fired upon by a shore battery and two shots 
were exchanged ; we also fired at a supposed torpedo boat 
that ran out from Cavite and was sunk l)y the Oh/n/jiift's 
guns. Another boat made for the O/i/n/jiia, but meeting a 
warm reception, turned, ran on the beach, and was aban- 
doned. 

The squadron, in splendid order, turned to the right 
when off the city and advanced on the Spanish fieet, which 
appeared in line of battle off Sangley Point, in Canacao Bay. 
They opened upon us at once, but most of their shots fell 
short. As we steamed past the enemy's line each vessel 
of our squadron delivered fire from her port battery, and 
the effect was soon apparent. The ensign of a cruiser, 
which we took to be the Rcina Clirist'nui, was shot away. 
liut hoisted again, and she took fire at 7:25 A.M.. appar- 
ently from the effects of a shell from the CoiironTs third 
division, and the fire hose could be seen playing aloft. 

Three complete turns were made by our s([uatlr()n in 
front of the enemy's line, the ships firing whenever the 
guns would bear. 

At 7:40 A.M. we ceased fii-ing. in oliedience to signal 
from the commander-in-chief, and at S:1()A. M. the crews 
went to breakfast. At this time several of the enemy's 
ships were in flames and explosions took place on board 
one of them; some were sinking and others withdrawing 
for protection behind Canacao and Cavite. 



368 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

At 8:30, in obedience to a signal from the flagship. 
" Concord go in and see what ships are on fire." this vessel 
promptly proceeded toward the Spanish line, Imt the order 
was annulled. 

At 9:25 a loud report was heard, which came from one 
of the Spanish cruisers, and was followed l).v flames and 
smoke. 

At 11:4.") A.M. our squadron again stood in for the en- 
emj". w^heu signal was made for the CoiivonI to destroy a 
large transport that was anchored well inside in shallow- 
water, and where there were a niuiiln'r of Hsli weirs. In 
passing w^e fired with great effect at the curtain of the 
fort at Cavite and at two Spaiiisli vessels. At this time 
the battery work of all our divisions was nu)st excellent, 
exhibiting all the coolness and precision of ordinary tar- 
get pi-actice. On arriving within two tliousand five hun- 
dred yards of the transport we commenced tiring with 
main and secondary batteries, and at tlie first round 
about ten ])oats loaded with men were seen to leave her 
and land on the beach. 

At 1'2:'25 not a Siianish flag was flying in the harl)or 
except from the staff of the sunken cruiser Don Anfaiiiu 
(Ic I '/inn. submerged behind Sangley Point : the h'/itia C/iris- 
liiKi was a mass of flames and sunk near the l)astion at 
Oavite. and the ('(isiilld was Imrning rapidly in t'anacao 
Bay. The remaining vessels of the Spanish fleet sought 
refuge behind the ar.senal. and sevei'al of them were on 
fire: the guns at the Cavite and Sangley batteries iiad al- 
most ceased firing, ami a white flag appeared on the sheers 
at the arsenal. 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 3(51) 

The Coiii-ord continued tiring at tlie transport in 
oljedience to signal, and ti> liasten operations the hrst 
cutter and whalelwat, in cliarge of Ensigns Kaiser and 
Davidson, armed for cutting out. were got into the 
water, the former fmm tlie skid beams, with the great- 
est promptitude, and provided witli intiammaldes. hut 
I)efore they had gone any distance it was discovered 
tliat the transport was on tire, and tlie boats were re- 
called and hoisted in. At l:b") we started to rejoin the 
squadron, but were ordered to go to the I'dnl at Cavite. 
where she had been sent to destroy the \'essels at the 
arsenal. She signaled as we anchored. "Have de- 
stroyed eight vessels here." White flags were flying at 
various points on shore and there was no longer any 
resistance. 

The Biisfoit joined ns at -VoO. 

During the engagement a number of shot and shell 
passed over and near us. Imt neither the vessel nor her 
crew' received damage from the enemy. 

The blocks of the whaleboat's falls and a chest hang- 
ing over the quarter, several jianes of glass, and some 
crockery were injured by the concussion of our own 
guns. 

The zeal, energy, and steadiness displayed by all tlir 
men and officers while under fire are deserving of the 
greatest praise, and the thorough and efiicient working of 
tlie battery, the promptness of the animnnition supi)ly. 
the completeness of preparations for the cni-e of the sick 
and wounded, and the perfect working of the engines and 
mechanical devices, reflect the highest civdit upon each 

D — -24 



87U LIFE OF ADMIKAL DEWEY 

of the officers of divisions aud heads of departments of 
the ship under your command. 

ilespectfully, your obedient servant, 

George P. Colvocoresses. 
Lieutenant-Commander U. S. N., and Executive Officer. 

CoMiMANDER ASA WaLKER, 

Commanding ( '(ntcard. 



In a battle between land forces there are no unseen 
heroes. Eveiy man plays his part above ground and in 
general view. But in a battle on the sea there are heroes 
unseen and almost unheard of — the men who stand before 
the roaring furnaces below decks, and. in a temperature 
often as high as two hundred degrees, feeding fuel to the 
great fires of the mighty war-ship. But they are none the 
less heroes, however, because unknown as such. 

The cruiser RaJcigh brought back to the United States 
several men who were with Admiral Dewey on the Oli/iiiji/a 
during the Battle of Manila Bay. Among them was Charles 
H. Twitchell, a stoker. While she lay at anchor in the 
North River, our correspondent Ijoarded the cruiser and 
found Mr. Twitchell, who readily consented to tell some- 
thing of the part taken by the men below decks during 
that memorable battle of May 1, 1898. Here is the story 
in his own words: — 

Vou see. there isn't mucli fun for a man 'wav down here, out of 
sight of everything and evervbodv: it's work for men and plenty of 
it. You may think it hot down here now. but this is Paradise alongside 
of what we had wlien we went for the Spaniards. 




THE UNSEEN HEROES ON A WAR-SHIP 



OFFICIAL STATEMENTS 373 

Midnitrht before the battle my shift went down tt) take care of the 
engines. Just about that time we ifot opposite Corretridor. and the 
guns in the Spanish forts woke us up and h't us liave it. We passed 
'em all right and kep>t right on up the bay as though nothing had 
happened. 

Of course \ye didn't know iniieh of what was going on up above. 
The battle hatches were all battened down, and we were shut in this 
little hole, the ventilating jiipes being the only things left open. 

Everybody had received orders to stand by his |iost and do his 
best until the shooting match was over. The temperature was nearly 
up to two hundred degrees at this time, and it was so hot our hair was 
singed. There were several leaks in the steam pipes, and the hissing- 
hot steam made things worse. 

The clatter of the engines and the roaring of the furnaces made 
such a din it seemed one's head would burst. AN'hen a man could 
stand it no longer he wmild put his head under the air pipe for a 
moment and try to cool off a little. The heat u-rew so unl)eai-ahly 
fierce at times our hands and wrists would seem on tire, and we had 
to plunge tliem in water. All the water \ve had was in an nld pork 
barrel, and it tasted more like lii>t brine than water. But bad as it 
was. it would at least moisten our throats. About lialf-past four that 
morning we were ordered on deck to get a lireatli of air and a cup cif 
coffee. We were given to understand when we ilived down into our 
furnace again that the battle was going to begin at once. 

We knew that miyht mean that this was the last glimpse we would 
ever get of the deck, and we went down jirejiared to go to the l)otfiim 
of Manila Bay. Battened down the way we were in the bottom of the 
ship, had she been sunk there wouhl not liave l)een the slit;'htest chance 
of escape. 

We could tell when our ij'uns dpened fire by tin' way the shi]i shonk : 
we could scarcely stand on unr fn^t. the yil)ration was so u-reat. .lust 
at that moment I glanced at the chick hanging on the wall and saw 
it was ten minutes to six. 

From that time on the din was somethino- horrible. K\iTy once in 
a while one of the apprentice boys would come to our \ cntihitini;' pipe 
anil shout down from the deck what was <foing on. That was tin- cmly 
way we could tell how the battle was n-oing. We kept on workini;- 
all the time as hard as we could. The shiii shook- so fearfull\- that 



874 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

the soot and cinders poured down on us in clouds. Now and tlien a 
biij drop of scalding water would fall on our uare heads, and the pain 
was intense. 

One by one three of our men were overcome by the terrible heat 
and were hoisted to the upper deck. 

^Vhenever a Spanish ship would make a move out toward us some 
of the boys on deck would shout down that they were cominir for us 
full tilt. We knew it meant sure death if the OJijinpia got a shot 
through her anywhere in our vicinity. We were suffering so mui-h 
from the heat and thirst that death didn't frighten us. I guess we all 
thought it couldnt be much worse than what we were going through. 
Along toward the last of our first engagement an apprentice boy 
shouted down the J>ipe that a Spanish torpedo boat was making straight 
for us. I don't believe any of us had said more than a word or two 
up to that time, but at this news almost all of us set up some kind of 
a shout. We knew if that torjiedo reached us that would be tlu' 
windup. 

But it never did reach us. and in a few minutes the boy yelled 
again and said the boat had been riddled by our guns. This news 
broiiirht a cheer from the men, and we felt considerably better. About 
eight o'clock we drew off for a consultation of war. AVe went on deck 
then for a breathing spell and a bite to eat, and T can tell you we 
were miofhtv glad of the change. We were all sur])rised that the 
decks weren't covered with blood and niang-led bodies, and could 
scarcely believe it when they told us no one was luirt. 

1 shall never forget those few hours I spent in front of the furnaces 
in Manila Bay. It seemed to me the longest da\ I ever lived. I'm 
not anxious to go throu!_di it ayain. and 1 don't think any of the 
others are. 

This unpretentious narrative might he retold a thou- 
sand times. '■ Tlie man heliind the gun" tights in liglit 
and air. He has the exhilaration of open battle, though 
the smoke may hide the result of his shot. The men 
before the furnace can strike no blow, tire no shot. He 
toils and dies that others may tight and win, yet to him 
lielongs no less the honor of tlie battle. 




sue S>t 







Banner. ■" 



CHAPTER XIII 
HONORED BY ST.-ITE AND NATION 

RESOLUTIONS OF CONGRESS — APPOINTED REAR-ADMIRAL BY 
THE PRESIDENT — PRESENTED WITH HISTORIC FLAGS-DE- 
GREES AND MEDALS — ADMIRAL OF THE NAVY — COM- 
MENDED BY HIS ASSOCIATES 

HEX the victory of Manila Bay 
fully dawned upon the minds 
of the American people, there 
was a unanimous call from 
the press and pulpit for some 
prompt and otiicial recognition 
of George Dewey and his gal- 
lant associates. President Mc- 
Kinley responded to this popular 
feeling with the following mes- 
sage to Congress : — 
To the Coiir/irss of flir Viilfi-il Sfafi-s:^On the twenty- 
fourth of April. I directed the Secretary of the Navy to 
telegraph orders to Commodore George Dewey, of the 

(375) 




(Tapiurcci Gpauxijh. <Eutv-t3oal, 



87fi LTFE OF AD.MIHAL DEWEY 

Ignited States Navj', commanding the Asiatic squadron, 
then lying in tlie port of Hong-Kong, to proceed forthwith 
to the Philippine Islands, there to begin operations and 
engage the assembled Spanish fleet. 

Promptly ol)eying that order, the United States squad- 
ron, consisting of the flagship O/i/ii/jiio. the BalfhiKifr. the 
lidlriijli, the Boston, the Coiivonl, and the l'<fn-l. with the 
revenue cutter MrCnUocli as an auxiliary disimtch lioat. 
entered the harl>or of ^lanila at daybreak on the first of 
May and immediately engaged the entire Spanish fleet of 
eleven ships, which were under the protection of the fire 
of the land forts. After a stubborn hght. in which the 
enemy suffered great loss, these vessels were destroyed or 
completely disabled, and the water l)attery of Cavite 
silenced. Of our brave officers and men not one was lost, 
and only eiglit injured, and those slightly. All of our 
shij)s escaped any serious damage. 

By the fourth of May. Oonimodore Dewey had taken 
possession of the naval station at Cavite. de.stroying the 
f(n-tifications there and at the entrance of the bay and 
parolling their garrisons. The waters of the bay are 
under his complete control. He has established hospitals 
within the American lines, where two hundred and fifty of 
the Spanish sick and wounded are assisted and protected. 

The magnitude of this victory can hardly be measured 
by the ordinary standards of naval warfare. Outweighing 
any material advantage is the moral effect of this initial 
success. At this unsurpassed achievement the great heart 
of our nation tliiobs. not with boasting nor witli greed of 
conquest, but with deep gratitude that tliis triniupli has 




PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 



i 



HONORED BY STATE AND NATION 379 

come ill a just caujse. and that .l)y the grace of God an 
effective step has thus been taken toward tlie attainment 
of the wished-for peace. To those whose skill, courage, 
and devotion have won the tight, to the gallant com- 
mander and the ))rave officers and men who aided him, 
our countrj' owes an incalculal)le del it. 

Feeling as our people feel, and speaking in their name. 
I at once sent a message to Commodore Dewey, thanking 
him and his officers and men for their splendid achieve- 
ment and overwhelming victory, and informing him that 
I had appointed him an Acting Rear-Admiral. 

I now recfimmend that, following f)ur national prece- 
dents and expressing the fervent gratitude of every patri- 
otic heart, the thanks of Congress lie given Acting Iiear- 
Admiral George Dewey, of the United States Navy, for 
highly distinguished conduct in conflict with the enemy, 
and to the officers and men under his command for their 
gallantry in the destruction of the enemy's fleet and the 
capture of the enemy's fortiflcations in the hay of Manila. 

William McKinley. 
Executive Mansion. May 9, 1S98. 

The message was received by both Senate and House 
with marked enthusiasm, and, acting on the suggestion 
of the President, the following joint resolution was in- 
troduced and unanimously passed by a rising vote, every 
member standing : — 

Joint resolution renderingr the thanks of Congress to (^oinniodore 

George Dewev. U. S. N., and to the officers and men 

of the squadron under liis command : 

Resolved, By the Senate and House of Representatives of llie 

United States of America in Conijress assemhh'd, tliat in pursuance 



3S() LIFE OF Ar):\[TlJAT. DEWEY 

(if the recoajmeiidatiiin of the President, made in accordance with 
the |irovisions of Section 110 of tiie Revised Statutes, the thanks of 
("onoress and of the American people are hereby tendered to Com- 
inoiUire George Dewey, U. S. N., commander-in-chief of the Asiatic 
station, for highly distinguished conduct in contiict with the enemy 
as displayed by him in the destruction of the Spanish fleet and 
batteries in the harbor of Manila. Philippine Islands. May 1, 1SU8. 

Section ~. That the thanks of Congress and the American 
people are iiereby extended through Commodore ])ewey to the offi- 
cers and men under his connnand for the gallantry and skill ex- 
hibited by them on that occasion. 

Section 3. Be it further resolved that the President of the 
United States be requested to cause this resolution to be commu- 
nicated to Commodore Dewey and through him to the officers and 
men under his command. 



But the official recognition of George Dewey did not 
stop with the adoption of these resolutions. Senator 
Hale, of Maine, at once introduced, and the Senate unani- 
mously pa.ssed. a bill increasing the number of rear- 
admirals in the Navy from six to seven, and the 
President immediately promoted Acting Rear-Admiral 
Dewey to tlie rank of Rear-Admiral. 

The foregoing resolution was placed in the hands of 
one of the mo.st expert of the many engrossing clerks 
employed liy the Department of State, and. after several 
weeks of painstaking lalwr. was finally forwarded to Rear- 
Admiral Dewey on July 24. ISIKS. 

The resolution was beautifully embossed, and prefaced 
by a formal attestation of its authenticity by Secretary 
of State Day. the whole being inclosed in rich gilt and 
ornamented Russia covers. It is to be remarked that 
Secretary Long, in liis lettfM- of transmission, makes refer- 




SECRETARY OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY 



HONOEEI) BY 8TATE AND NATION 883 

ence to a letter from the .Secretary of State compliment- 
ing Admiral Dewey upon his direction of affairs since 
the great naval victor.w a formal evidence that the State 
Department is thorouglily well satisfied with the diplomatic 
qualities he has exhibited. 

The letter of Secretary Long is as follows: — 

The Navy l)K]'Ai;r\iENT. ) 

Washinctox. July 24. ISUS. ( 
The department has received fnnn tlie Secretary of State an en- 
grossed and certified copy of a joinf resolntion of Congress, tendering 
the thanks of Congress to you and tlie officers and men of the 
sijuadron under your coruniand. fur transmission to V(ui. and liercwith 
inclose the same. 

Accomjianying tlie copy of the joint ri'solutioii tiie department 
received a letter from the Secretar\- of .^tate reipiestino- there be con- 
veyed to you his high appreciation of vour cliaracter as a naval ofiicer, 
and of the good judgment and pnidrncc vou have shown in directing 
affairs since the date of your great achievement in dcstrovini,'- the 
Spanish fleet. I take great pleasure in doing this, anil join most 
heartily on behalf of the Navy Department, as well as personallv, in 
the coinmendatiipii of the Sei'retarv of State. 

John D. Long. 
Reak-Admikai, Geoi:i;e Deavev, 

Commander-in-Chief ITnited States Naval Force. Asiatic Station. 

Not to be outdone by the Senator from New Eng- 
land in any measure of honor to the hero of Maiiihi 
Bay, Senator Quay, of Pennsylvaniii. pidposcd that a 
jeweled sword be presentetl b\- the govcriinicnt to Com- 
modore Dewey, and Senator Lodge, of Massachusetts, 
responded by offering for adoption the following reso- 
lution: — 

That the Secretary of the Xavv be and he is hereby authorized 
to present a sword of honor to Comiiiodcpre George Dewey, and to 



3S-t 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 




eavise to be struck lirmize medals com- 
nu'Uiorntino' the Battle of Manila Bav. 
and to distribute sucli nietlals to the 
officers and men of the ships of the Asi- 
atic SI madron of the United States, under 
coiiuuand of Commodore Georii'e Dewcv, 
on .May 1. LSUS. and that to enable the 
Secretary to carry out tiiis resolution, 
the sum of $10,000 is hereby appropri- 
ated. 

This resolution was also agreed 
to without debate. A committee 
consisting of Assistant Seci'etary 
of the Navy Allen, Senator Henry 
SENATOR HENRY CABOT LODGE (^'al)ot Lodgc. of Massachusctts. and 
I'fofrssdi- Oliver, of the I'nited States Naval Academy at 
Ainiiipolis. was appointed to receive and report upon com- 
petitive designs wliicli were invited from all the leading 
gold and silversmiths in the country. The design of 
sword submitted liy Tiffany c*v: 
Company, of New York, was ;i im- 
proved. The illustrations given 
on the following pages convey an 
excellent idea of the sword in its 
scabbard, also the case in which 
it is inclosed. 

The top of the hilt is of solid 
gold. 22 karats hue. and this qual- 
ity of the yellow metal is cm- 
ployed wheixner gold is iisc(l. 
Oak leaves, the decoration aji- 
propriate to the Admiral's tank, senator matthew Stanley quay 




HONORED BY STATE AND NATION 



8S5 



are consjiicuous in various i^arts of the scabbard and hilt, 
and there are acorns on both of these parts of the me- 
morial. George Dewey was born in the montli 
of December, and it was desired to use his 
birthstone, the turquoise, in the jeweling of 
the sword ; but this was found to be im- 
practicable, as the turquoise is easily 
scratched, and this sword is de- 
signed to be useful as well as 
In other respects the sword was 
ally designed. Encircling the top 
wreath of oak leaves, Inimedi- 
is the gold "collar" 




ornamental. 

made as origin- 

of the hilt is a 

ately beneath this 

of the hilt, as it 

On the front of \ 

the arms of the 

and iust below is 

Admiral Dewey's native "^ 

with a scroll bearing the 

mont, " Freedom and Unity." 



is technically called. 

the collar is displayed 

United States in gold. 

shown the arms of 

State in enamel, 

motto of Ver- 

Stars decorate 

and the grij) 

with stars. 



guard of 



termi- 



the plain part of the collar, -% ^^- 

of the hilt is of sharkskin, inlaid 

and bound with gold wire. The \ 

the hilt is a conventionalized eagle, "o^ 

nating with a claw that clasps the 

of the handle. The eagle's expression is doli- 

ant, but a wreath of laurel in its beak indicates 

that it is peacefully inclined. One wing of the eagle 

is extended so as to form the broad part of the guard. 

The scabbard is ornamented at the top with a inouogr-ani 

D — -li 



3S(; LIFE OF ATnilRAL DKNNFV 

formed of tlie initials "0. D." in diamonds, and liencalli 
tiie monogram are the letters "V. S. N." in smaller dia- 
monds. The scabbard is of thin steel lieautifully damas- 
cened in gold with sprays of rosmaiimis. and with the 
letter "D" repeated again and again, snpplemented with 
dolphins. The blade is damascened, and bears the follow- 
ing inscription : — 

" The Gift of the Nation to 
REAK-ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY. U. S. N., 

In MeiiKirv of the Victory at Manila Bay. May 1, 1898." 

The lilade also bears representations of Phoenician 
galleys, which were the hrst craft of the world's navies. 
All of this is on one side of the blade. The belt 
monutings and other trappings are of the regulation 
jiattern. ornamented with oak leaves and acorns. The 
belt is of blue enamel and gold, its buckle being 
adorned with the customary eagle, anchor, and stars. 
The l)ullion tassel and embroidered straps are much 
richer than the ordinary. All of the gold used is of 
the same quality as that in the sword itself, and the 
quantity required was seven hundred and twenty-five 
pennyweights. This is the finest sword ever presented 
by the United States to any of its Army or Navy heroes. 

When Congress reconvened for the short session in 
December 1.S98, Representative Livingston, of Georgia, in- 
troduced the following bill to revive the grade and rank 
of Admiral of the Navy for George Dewey, as a still 
further mark of consideration and r(>\vard for his services 
to his countrv : — 



1 



HONORED BY STATE AND NATION 8S9 

" Bt it iniii/iil hij tin .Si/K/ti ii/ii/ //ons, (./' Hi pr< s( iitiillri !< nf 
till Uiiiti'd St<(tr.'< of ^iiiierico in duKjres.t ii.fxiiiihhil, That, to provide 
jirniiijit and ade(|uate reward to Hear- Admiral Geor^re Dewey, the 
iJI'rade and rank "f Admiral in the L'nited States Navy be, ami it is 
hereby revived, with the same duties, pay, and privileges appurtenant 
thereto that were by law given to the former a])]iointees to said rank, 
the said grade and rank to exist oiilv dm'iiig the lifetime of this 
otlieer."' 

The resolution was referred to the a^jpropriate com- 
mittee, and remained there till the last week of the short 
session. Some of Dewey's friends in tlie House believed 
it was Iteing smothered for a purpose, and determined to 
bring the question up in another way. When the regular 
appropriation bill for the Navy was reached late in the 
month of Feln-uary, Representative Moody, of Massachu- 
setts, offered a rider to the measure creating the office 
and rank of Admiral for Rear-Admiral (Jeorge Dewey. 
His action met with the unanimous approviil of the 
House. But the original resolution was immediately 
thereafter reported from committee, and was agreed to 
without division liy both the Senate and House of Eepre- 
sentatives, two days before the adjournment of Congress. 
The President promptly signed the bill, and on March 2. 
isyi), sent to the Senate the nomination of Eear- Admiral 
George Dewey to lie an Admiral of the Navy in the serv- 
ice of the United States. The Senate at once conlirmed 
the nomination, and the commission, which had already 
been prepared at the Navy Department, was signed Ity tlie 
President and Secretary Long, and George Dewey became 
an Admiral from and after March 2. IS'.)'.). He was at 
once cabled to hoist his ffag as Admiral, and was directed 



Sm LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

to select such luiifoi-in as he might choose suitable for 
the rauk to which he had been ajiiKjinted. 

By this appointment Admiral Dewej' l)ecame the rank- 
ing officer in the Army and Navy of the LInited States, 
and whenever botii arms of the service are engaged in f 
any undertaking his orders will be supreme. He is also 
the ranking officer of all the navies represented in the 
Philippine waters, and there are but few naval command- 
ers in the world who hold relatively as high a place in 
power over their vessels and men. 

Immediately after the Senate had conhrmed the nomi- 
nation. Secretary Long cabled his own and the President's 
congratulations to Admiral Dewey at ]\Ianila. The Ad- 
miral responded with a modest telegram of thanks for the 
honor. 

Montpelier. the lioine of Admiral Dewey, celebrated 
the great American victory at Manila liay liy a magnifi- 
cent pidilic demonstration on I\Iay 1) in which al)0ut 
ten thousand people participated. The city was elal)o- 
rately decorated with flags and bunting. 

The celebration began at two o'clock in the ''Golden 
Fleece," which is the finest auditorium in Vermont, and 
in whicli over two thousand persons a.sseml)led on tiiis 
occasion. The decorations in the liall were very fine. ■ 
Seated upon the stage were i[ouoral)le Charles Dewey 
and family. Captain Edward Dewey and family. Mayor 
.b)]in H. Senter, and the speakers, consisting of Hiram 
A. Huse, Professor J. A. De Boer. President A. D. Brown, 
of Norwich University, Northfield; Reverend Andrew 
Gillies, T. C. O'Sullivan, of New York city; Reverend 




2 
Q 



J 



HONORED BY STATE AND NATION 81J1 

Father O'Sullivan, ex-Mayor George W. Wing, State's 
Attorney F. A. Howland, and General Steiihen Thomas. 
Patriotic music was furnii^hed by the Montpelier Mili- 
tary Band, a chorus of school children, and the Arion 
Quartet. Resolutions congratulating Commodore George 
Dewey were passed, and a cable message was sent by 
Honorable Charles Dewey to his brother, informing him 
of the honor paid him by his native city. The resolu- 
tions follow : — 

Whereas, under the jirovidiMice of God, und \>y virtue of the 
skill, valor, and heroism of its officers and men, the American fleet, 
under Commodore Georye Dewcv. won a signal and most marvel- 
ous vietorv over the combined fmces nf S[)ain in the liarl>cir nf 
Manila. Island of the Philiji|iiiies. <in Sunday, the lii-st moruiiit;- of 
May. Eastern time ; and, 

Whereas, This brilliant virti>i'\- has shed fresh lustre u|ion the 
country's naval history. ahead\ bright with innunii'i'alile i;Teat 
achievements on land and sea. ami adds to tlie i;lor\ df tlie United 
States, his nati\e State, \'ermiint. and Montpelier. the city of his 
birth; be it. therefure. 

JieSdIi-i'd. That the city of Mimtpelier and the nein-hborini;- vil- 
laires and towns ihi hereby, witli i^icat sincerity, happiness, and jiride, 
vote its heartfelt thanks and conj^'i'atulations to the ullicers and sail- 
ors of the Asiatic sipiadron. and especially to him. tin' ( 'nnnmiihire, 
George Dewey, who led them with such ideal success, amid ini- 
precedented obstacles, to a victor\ . the renown of whi' h will ne\er 
jierish from tlie earth. 

Evtioh-id, That a i-opy of these resolutions, attested l)y the Mayor 
and clerk of Montpelier. and slanipi'd with the city's seal, be for- 
warded to Connuodore Georije Dewev with<iul delay. 

The Vermont legislature, whicli had been cDuvtMicd in 
extraordinary session by Governor Grout to provide ways 
and means for supplying that State's ([iiota: of troops 



392 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

called for iu President McKinley's proolanuition, unani- 
mously passed the following resolutions, which have now 
become a part of the history of the commonwealth: — 

WheEEAS. The officers and men of the Asiutie stjnadron. by their 
victory over tlie Spanish fleet at Manihi. liaye unn the profound 
jrratitude of their countrymen ; and tlieir Commodt)re, George Dewey, 
has made for liiuiself a place among the world's naval heroes : and 

Whereas, Vermont, as the native State of Commodore Dewey, 
takes special pride in this achievement ; therefore. 

Jieso/nt/. By the Senate and House of Representatives, that the 
members of the General Assembly, representing the peojile of Ver- 
mont, express to Commodore Dewey and through him to his entire 
command, their deep appreciation of their signal and timely suc- 
cess, their confidence in his ability to so meet the trying situa- 
tion at the Philipjiines as to bring added honor to the United 
States and greater distinction to himself, and their keen gratifica- 
tion that tlie first great honors of the war should fall to a son 
of Vernumt. 

Ii('xo7r<(/. That the promotion of Commodore Dewey, without 
delay, would be the spontaneous and grateful recognition of a 
great national service by a brave man : and. further. 

Resf)lved. That the clerk be directed to communicate these reso- 
lutions to Commodore Dewey as soon as cable communication with 
Manila is restored, and to transmit copies to the President of the 
United States and to our Representatives in Congress. 

Within a week after the news of victory at Manila 
reached the United States two of the leading New York 
newspapers arranged to present Admiral Dewey with silk 
flags as tokens of remembrance and honor. One was de- 
signed to be a memento from the waves and wddows of 
the men in America who ha\e made the Nation's his- 
tory in time of war. The flag as presented contained 
across its folds of rod and white the names of sucli 
illustrious W(niien as -lulia Dent (irant. Mrs. Jefferson 



^&»- 





i 



HONORED BY STATE AND NATION 



395 



Davis, Mrs. John A. 
Logan, Mrs. J. B. Gor- 
don, Mrs. J. E. B. Stu- 
art, Mrs. Julia King 
Grady, Mrs. Fitzhugh 
Lee, Mrs. William T. 
Sampson, Mrs. Charles 
D. Sigsbee, and others. 
Letters from these pat- 
riotic women \o the 
paper which managed 
the presentation were 
forwarded to the Ad- 
miral with the flag, 
and a few of them are 
here reproduced. 

From the widow of 
the illustrious General 
Grant : — 




ask 



•Jill Ma> 
nie if 1 iiiri in 



MRS. U. S. GRANT 
,AC1HSKTTS AVKMK. M^IV I-'. iSUS. 

svmiiiithv with this inovniirrit of the 



ladies to present Admiral Dewey witii a tlaij ':' 

Of course I am. and would love to see every one of tlie o-allaiit 
tVllows made Admirals and pn'sented with Hai^s. 

.FlMA ]). GlIANT. 



From the widow of Jefferson Davis: — 

\kw Vokk, Mav !•-'. ISUS. 
Thoutrh 1 am well aware that no eulo-isni nttere.l liy an in- 
dividual eould enhanee the value of Admiral Dewey's glorious vic- 
tory before Manila, in response to your invitation to express my 
opinion of it 1 can only say every American must feel j.ride, not 



396 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



cmlv in liiiu, but in the 
officers and men of our 
fleet whose valor has added 
another wreath to the hnirels 
won by the American Xavv 
ever since their flair num- 
bered thirteen stars. 

The acclaim of his grate- 
ful countrymen must ever 
be a hero's dearest reward, 
and this wuerdon awaits 
Ailmiral Dewey and his 
dauntless men, who have 
taken a biilliant initiative 
in achievinp; the first vic- 
tory of the war. 

Mks. Jkffersox Davis. 

From the widow of 
General Logau : — 

WASIIINCiTOX, D. C, 

.May T). 1898. 
Commodore Dewey's 
name is now inmiortalized, 
as was that of I'errv, in freedonrs cause. Brainy, brave, and blame- 
less, he has won the first victory over a foreii^n foe in behalf of 
men strusjcjlinir for freedom. 

If his dauntless fleet needed anythinsj to stimulate them to 
heroic deeds, the thousjht of the treachery that sent our proud ship, 
with so many of her dauntless crew, to the bottom of the harbor 
at Havana was all-sufficient. If they needed a talismanic cry, the 
iiatriotic Dewey doubtless shouted. "Remember the Jfniiie.'''^ 

Forty years of faithful service, bcfjinning seriously on board the 
Jfissism'ppi, then in the siege of New Orleans, have fitted him well 
for the deed he has done. Farrasr-ut. seeing the Mn/idssas approach- 
ing, directed Captain Melancthon Smith, of the Jlississippi, to follow 
and destroy that famous ram. Young Dewey, participating in the 




MRS. JOHN A. LOGAN 



HONORED BY STATE AND NATION 397 

execution of this order, saw the Mdittisaas ijo down. From cadet 
to commodore he has won his promotions. 

With little preparation, and as if it were an incident of his 
vovage westward, he finds the eiienivs boasted invincible fleet pro- 
tected by the frowning guns of Manila's fortifications. He salutes 
them in thundering tones, and in two brief hours sends some of 
them to the winds and others to the bottom of the sea. All hail 
Commodore Dewey ! 

Present him a flag on whose stainless stripes the names of his 
countrywomen may be inscribed, if you will. Their prayers and con- 
gratulations will go with their names, and mav the Stars and Stripes 
he has planted on the ram{>arts of Manila ever wave over that un- 
happy island as a beacon of light that will guide its long-suffering 
people into the bright sunlight of liberty, while they cry, "God bless 
Admiral Uewev ! "' Mks. John A. Logan. 

From the wife of a famou.s orator and statesman of 
the South: — 

Atl.vnta. Ga.. ]\Iay 9, 189S. 
It is a great privilege tt> join mv American sisters in eviden- 
cing our boundless admiration of the skill and bravery of the offi- 
cers and men of our glorious Navy. It can scarcely be doubted 
that the flag to be presented to "the most valorous and fortunale 
ship" will go to Admiral Dewey. His victory at Manila may jios- 
sibly be ecjualed in the future, but in the brilliancy and importance 
of its achievements, without loss, it certainly has no rival in ihe 
juist history of sea or land conflicts. 

Mrs. J. B. Gordon. 

From the widow of the beloved Grady: — 

Atlanta, Ga.. May 11. ISOS. 
In common with every patriotic woman of Amt>rica. I congratulate 
Commodore Dewey upon the luminous page he has added to the an- 
nals of the nation's valor on the seas. He stands to-day the foremnst 
Anglo-Saxon of the naval world, and his heroic tight for the land 
that was helpless until we successfully espoused her cause will live as 
the Trafalgar of our history. As with Nelson. KiiL,dand expected 



398 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



cvcrv man to do liis duty, ^.o witli I )c\vey, "AiueriL-u knows that fvi-ry 
man did his chity." 

Tlie American hloodsliod at Manihi re-ueinented the sections into 
a Union such as tn\\y i-oinradeshi]> in arms can make. As a Goorijian. 
1 irl'Ty i'l ^'''^ vii-torv in whii-h (ieoro-ians took jiart. and I cannot 
better express my feelinos than to wish that my yrandson. born whih' 
Manila was heinir bombarded, may for that reason think of liis birth- 
day with the pride a trne AnuMiran siiould feel at Admiral Dewey's 
remarkalilf triumph. 

The whole South shares your enthusiasm, and yields to no section 
in its loyal admiration of America's hero. This tremendous success 
shows that with an American's intrepid couracre he combined those 
rarer (pialities of foresiylit and s:ii;acit\ . and Georij-ia and the Soutli 

to-day congratulate t]u> 
I'nion in the possession of 
such a hero and Cuba in 
tiie ])resence of such a 
i-liamjiion. 

.Mi;^. .Iri.iA King Gkai>y. 

Fniiii the wife of 
Admiral Sampson : — 

Gl.KX KiDGK. X. .1.. 

May 11, 1898. 
My opinion can have no 
\alue. as it cannot differ 
I rom tiie o]>inion of every 
other American citizen who 
riii-htly understands what 
reason we have to be proud 
c.f tiie alert, prompt darinij 
i>f our navy. And we are 
proud of our sailors, as 
well as of our commanders. 
( )ur pride in A d m i ra 1 
Dewey does not liave its 
MRS. CAPTAIN CHARLES D. siGSBEE '' '' ^^ i » " i " ?■ however. at 




HONORED BY STATE AND NATION 



im 



Manila. Those who know him need not have been wise men to have 
profihesied what lie would do. Eliza r.icrii Bfni.iXG Sami'sox. 

From the wife of Captain Charles D. Sigsl)ee : — 

rnii.AiiKLPHiA, May 11, 1SU8. 
In regard to tlie invsentatinn of a thig to Admiral Dewey, as a 
token of appreciation of liis bravery. I will say that the news of the 
brilliant victory at Manila tills all onr liearts with joy. His brave 
and decisive action makes this one of the most remarkalile Ijattles of 
history. This, the initial engao-ement of tlie war. is an anbury of 
future successes. 1 rejoice with the whole country that none of our 
men were killed and only six were wounded. 

Kl.lZA liotiKKS 81GSBEE. 

From the wife of 
General Fitzhugli Lee: 

RlCHStOXI). Va., 

May 10, 1898. 
It always gives me 
pleasure to know that the 
services of our brave men 
are appreciated and recog- 
nized. 

Ellen Bernard Lee. 

May 1. the anniver- 
sary of the Battle of 
Manila, will hereafter 
be observed as a legal 
holiday in the States 
of California and Penn- 
sylvania. The h rst 
anniversary was cele- 
brated in every State 
in the Union l>v a dis- mrs. fitzhugh lee 




400 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

play of flags and bunting, dinners in honor of Admiral 
Dewey, and other festivities of a patriotic nature. In 
the city of New York more than four hundred thousand 
children hehl Dewey Day exercises in the schools, where 
the singing of patriotic songs and enthusiastic orations by 
young Americans was followed by addresses of an educa- 
tional character, by prominent citizens and educators, all 
tending to impress the young with the importance of loy- 
alty to the Stars and Stripes and to the memory of Ad- 
miral Dewey. This character of celebration was general 
in all the public schools of every State in which the day 
had not been made a legal holiday. 

President McKinley was at the Navy Yard in Brook- 
lyn, on a tour of inspection, and from there he sent the 
following cable message to Admiral Dewey at Manila: — 

Navy Yauh. Bhooki.yn, May 1, 1899. 
Dewey, Manila : — 

On this iinniversarv of your irrt-at vit-t<iry. tlie jieople of the United 
States unite in an expression of affection and ^rratitude to yourself 
and the brave oHieers and men of your fleet, whose brilliant aeliieve- 
inents mark an epoch in history, and will live in the annals of the 
world's heroic deeds. William McKinley. 

As soon as the country had recovered from the 
shock and surprise of the battle of May 1, 1898, in 
Manila Bay, several of the most noted colleges and his- 
torical societies conferred upon George Dewey honorary 
titles and degrees innumerable. Medals, in bronze and 
other metals, were struck in commemoration of his 
famous victory, and it is doubtful if any other Ameri- 
can, except General Grant, was ever so highly honored 



HONORED BY STATE AND NATION 



401 




at home or abroad. Ad- 
miral Dewey is now a 
master of all the arts and 
sciences and a doctor of 
everything except divin- 
ity. And what is more, 
he riclily deserved the 
recognitif)n. 

The medal from the 
New Jersey Historical 
Society is worthy of 
THE DEWEY MEDAL spBcial menti(.)n here. It 

was struck from the die made by Tiffany & Company in 
ISSy in commemoration of the centennial of the inaugu- 
ration of George Washington as President. The medal 
measures two and a half inches in diameter, and around 
the edge on one .side are the words: '"To Rear-Admiral 
George Dewey, elected Honorary JMembcv of the New 
Jersey Historical Society 
May 19, 1898— 0///^///,;,/." 
On the same side is the 
iiead of George Washing- 
ton, and around the por- 
trait in raised Roman 
letters is the inscription : 
"Washington Centennial 
Medal, New Jersey His- 
torical Society, 1 789- 
1889." On the other side 

IS a copy ot the .seal or the DEWEY medal (Reverse side) 




402 



LIFE OF ADMIKAL DEWEY 



the society, from l>ehind which appears a wreath of 
hiurel and oak. Over the .seal are the words: "Above 
all hold dear your National riiion." 

Among the sturdy patriots and warriors who have 
been honored by the State of \'ermont. no one since 
his time has ever replaced in the affections and admir- 
ation of the people that other early riser and intrepid 
foe to the enemies of liberty, Ethan Allen. His statue 
in marble adorns the porch of the State House at 
Montpelier. And now it is proposed to erect another 
and similar memorial to this other Vermonter. Admiral 
(leorge Dewey, who has achieved distinction in the ser- 
vice of his country. 
A number of gentle- 
men natives of that 
State, but who have 
acquired fame and for- 
tune elsewhere, have 
interested themselves 
in the project, and a 
large sum of m()iH\v 
lias been raised by pri- 
vate subscription. 
The statue will 1)6 
made of Vermont 
iiiail)le. and is to be 
given a place witli 
iha1 of Kthan Alien 
in the State House 
porch. 




I 



DR. ALBERT SHAW 



HONORED BY STATE AND NATION 403 

The war with Spain lirought to the front many men 
who will live in history and in the hearts of the Amer- 
ican people while time shall last. But dearer than 
all the rest, and more honored than all others com- 
1 lined, will ever be the hero of Manila Bay. The editor 
of the American Monthly Review of Reviews, Dr. Al- 
liert Shaw, will readily he accepted as an authority on 
this subject, and from him we quote the following 
opinion : — 

Admiral Dewey could, of course, at any time since May 1. have 
bombarded and conijuered tlie city of Manila : l)ut altlioui;li his task of 
waiting was an extremely trvinir one, he had determined to make no 
attack tliat should exjiose the city to the danger of anarchy and raj)- 
ine. It was liis policy to wait until the United States had sent a 
sufficient number of soldiers to maintain a safe and firm occupation, 
and prevent the disorders that would flow from a state of civil war- 
fare. With their fatal proclivitv for ]iostponemi>nt. the Spaniards had 
waited a week too long. Our complete concpiest of Manila had altered 
the facts, because it had destroyed the Spanish argument that Manila 
was prepared to stand an indefinitely hmg siege. It was. upon the 
whole, highly fitting that Admiial Dewey, whose brilliant ex[iloit on 
-May 1 had been the first great event of the war. should have received 
the surrender of Manila, and in conse(pience thereof virtualh secured 
the American possession of the entire Pliili]i]iine group as the result 
of the last naval action of the war. Admiral Dewey's tact as a dijilo- 
mat and administrator in these past four mouths is not less renuirk- 
able than liis Ixildness and brilliancy as a naval sti-ateijisl . Moreover, 
he has shown that well-nigh ])erfect mastery which can wait with 
infinite patience ui- r:iii act with liolitnino-|ike energy, as the oc<-asion 
may recpiire. Manila is so far awa\'. and the news sinre May 1 has 
come in so condensed a fashion, that we have not known in minute 

detail how Admiral Dewey was occu|iying himself fr me day to 

the next. But the people of the I'nited States lia\e felt that the 
Admiral was in a verv \inHsnal decree the embodiment of American 
pluck, conunon sfuse. eoolheadedness. and ingcniiuis resourcefulness; 



404 LIFK OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

and so tliev have felt a o-reat satisfaction in the idea that the Ver- 
monter in the Philippines could be relied upon to take care of him- 
self and dominate the situation, reijardless of Spanish cajitain-irenerals 
and the intriijues of pompous German admirals, not to mention the 
soaring aspirations of restless native patriots like General Aguinaldo. 
The winning side in every war develops its heroes. We are all glad 
to believe that many another officer of our Navy would have given a 
splendid account of himself if he had. in Dewey's place, been in com- 
mand of the Asiatic scjuadron at the outbreak of the war. But Dewey 
had especially qualiiied himself in advance for jirecisely the work he 
has so well executed ; and l)v unanimous consent he will rank first 
in the list of heroes of the late war." 

Among the many words of commendation of George 
Dewey spoken by his former associates in the Navy, we 
have selected the following as best expressing the con- 
sensus of opinion of naval officers: — 

Of all the people delighted with the famous victory 
of Admiral Dewey, of Manila, there was no one that re- 
joiced more sincerely than Rear- Admiral Bunce, of the 
Brooklyn Navy Yard. 

'"Friends?" said he: '"Yes. indeed, from the days when 
we were at the Naval Academy. We entered tlie same 
year, and not only were we classmates, but chums. He 
was a splendid fellow then, and always has been." 

" Were you surprised wlien you read of his vic- 
tory?" 

'"Not in the least. All that Dewey wanted was the 
opportunity: when it came he embraced it." 

"How did he stand in his chi.ss?" 

"He was not what you would call a student, luit lie 
was one of the liright fellows. He stood neither at the 
head nor at the foot, but about in the middle, but we 



HONORED BY STATE AND NATION 



405 



all knew tliat he had 
the aliility to stand 
anywhere he wanted 
to." 

Admiral Bnnce 
went on to say that 
there were ''few more 
po i> 11 1 ar men than 
Coinmodore Dewey. 
He never sought pop- 
ularity. It came to 
him. In the tirst place 
he is a tine-looking 
man, and he has most 
attractive manners. 
People seek him out. 
and whenever he is 
on shore he is kept 
busy with his social 
engagements. At the same time he is no "carpet knight.' 
He is a fighter, and a disciplinarian — just the sort of a 
man to engage in a big battle and win it." 

"What do you think of his victory?" 

"Nelson can't approach it. I have studied Nelson's 
battles very closely and he won no victory to compare 
with this. Nelson fought against ships, liut he never won 
a victory against ships and batteries as well. The only 
thing to compare in his history to Manila was at Copen- 
hagen ; but I do not agree with Nelson's biograpliers about 
that." 




REAR-ADMIRAL BUNCE 



406 



LIFE OF ADMII.'Al 




REAR-ADMIRAL WALKER 



DEWEY 

•'There are those 
who would belittle 
Dewey's achievement 
liv saying that the 
S p a n i s h had only 
w oo d (' II ships, and 
that he had ai'niored 
c misers,'" was sug- 
gested. 

"Armored cruis- 
ers !" exclaimed Kear- 
Admiral Hunce; '"Who 
could say such a 
tliin-g.' You may go 
no farther than the 
Navy Register. See 
here." and he took a 
copy fi'om his desk, 
"there is not an ar- 



mored cruiser in all Dewey's fleet. 

"So. far as ships go the Sjjaniards were nearly our 
match. The trouble was not with their ships. They had 
good enough ships, but they didn't know how to handle 
them. They were not marksmen. If Dewey had let them 
get near him they might have hit something, but he 
knew too much for that. He could hit them and keep 
his distance." 

"Dewey," said Hear-Admiral Walker, "is an unusually 
good man, both as a tighter and a strategist. He served 
with distinction in the Navv during the ^Var of the 



HONORED BY STATE AND NATION 



407 



Rebellion and saw 
consideral)le hard 
lighting. He did that 
affair at Manila in a 
most thorough, busi- 
ness-like way, and is 
entitled to much praise 
for the skillful manner 
in which he manceu- 
vred his fleet. It was 
just like him to sail 
right in past the forti- 
fications and through 
the mines and tor- 
pedoes with which the 
harbor is supposed to 
have been hi led and 
do the work he set 
out to do in a thorough, business-like way, without any 
fuss or feathers." 

And here is the opinion of Dewey's victory from nn- 
other of the fighting men who achieved distinction in 
the Navy during the war with Spain. Rear-Adnnial 
Winfleld Scott Schley: -Admiral Dewey's victory at 
Manila must deservedly take its place side by side 
with the greatest naval victories of the world's his- 
tory. It has been urged that the results show such infe- 
riority in resistance as compared with the vigor of at tuck 
that there is a diminution of the glory, but that is un- 
true, for it must hrst be remembered that the greatness 




Copiiright 1898 f>>/ E. M. Jnrlgmi 

REAR-ADMIRAL W. S. SCHLEY 



408 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

of Dewey's success lies in the calm courage and daring 
displayed in his decision to enter a strange harbor at 
dark under the guns of many forts, and braving the per- 
haps hidden torpedo or mine. It strikes me that, with 
several advantageously fortified positions, the preponder- 
ance of advantage was certainly with the enemy, and that, 
with the great daring displayed by Dewey, there must fall 
upon his shoulders the mantle of Perry and Farragut. It 
is clearly evident that, despite the great risk, there was 
not a faint heart in all that squadron, but an enthusiasm 
and esjifif dc ror/is that could not bnt win with snch a 
leader. " 

Another officer of the Navy, who did not wish to be 
quoted Ijy name, had this to say of the hero of Manila : 
''He is a man of great determination. It has long ])een 
a saying in the Navy tliat " when Dewey sets out to do a 
certain thing it's going to l>e done unless something 
breaks.' You see. he mixes l)rains with his determina- 
tion, and. while he has sometimes been spoken of as one 
likely to take desperate chances, the truth is that the 
chances are really in his favor before he goes ahead, 
though they might be against a less able man in similar 
circumstances. 

"Dewey is no blusterer. In truth he is apparently 
about the mildest man you'd meet in a week. He never 
makes a bluff, and he never uses violent language. It 
may be that he used a big. big D or t\vo A\hile the fight 
was on at Manila. l)ut T dou])t it. 1 lia\e known him 
fairly well for ni'ariy twenty years, and I have never 
heard him swear or brag. 



HONOlfEl* BY STATE xVNI) NATION 



409 



"Dewey is quick liotli in speech and movement, lint 
he is mighty careful to he sure lie is right ])et'ore he goes 
ahead, and there isn't an otiicer in the Navy that is jeal- 
ous of his promotion to the rank of Admiral. The Ad- 
miral likes to shoot game, and hshing is one of his 
greatest delights. He is likewise an enthusiastic horse- 
back rider. While stationed at Washington during his 
last period of shore duty he was a familiar equestrian 
figure on the streets and came to lie widely known, not 
only as 'the Commodore a-horsel>ack.' Imt also as one of 
the most gracefnl riders in the capital city." 





CHAPTER XIV 
LETTERS FROM DEIVEY 

SOME HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED LETTERS - THE ADMIRAL'S 
CAREER IN A NUTSHELL - A LOVING SISTER'S TRIBUTE 

|hk letters written by (ieorf^e Dewey 
to his kindred contain many pass- 
ages which serve to illustrate the 
character of the man quite as 
fully as do his diplomatic actions 
in the Philippines. Here is one 
addressed to his sister at Mont- 
peiier during the Pall of IsyO, 
- - — i: _^ : ." ^-^j; ->rr;,^.^ and shows something of the love 
turecis, ofc the. Juan. dc. 3-tistria: he bears for his native State: — 




NV.\snTN(; I ON. n. ( '.. Ndveiiihi'i- ;i(l. ISltl). 

The juldress hy Mr. I»f|ic\v on mir dear old State is 

most interesting, and I sliall retain it for futur(> rea<liMo'. I feel 

<]nite proud of belonging to sueli an old Conmioiiwealtli. 

There is nothing new witli me. J lead a \er\ iiuiet life, reailing 

a great deal and i^ettiny mv exercise hv vvalkiiiy. as niv satldle 

horse became so inisatisfaetory, I ua\e him a\va\. . . 
(410) 



LETTKIJS FROM DEWEY 411 

When George Dewey received liis assigiiment to duty 
in the China Sea it was chiimed by some that he went 
there against his own incdinations. Tlir following letter 
to a member of his family (dearly disjiroves such a theory. 
It will also be noted that he expected to receive his 
promotion to the rank of Hear-Admiral in the summer 
of lyy>S, but it is doubtful if he then expected that it 
would come about as the result of a victory over the 
Spanish tleet in Manila Hay. 

Washixctox, 1). C, No\i-iiilicr 1. IS".)7. 
Yes, I am indeed to he congnituhited. as 1 lia\(' re- 
ceived what is to nie the l)(>st i^'ift the Presiih-nt eoidd make. 
Expect to join iiiv tlai;slii[i ( )l i/in/iln at ^'okollaIll.■l alioiit 
Christmas, and to reniaiii in conniiaiid two \cais. I om <iiii as 
Commodore, and will not receive niv [ironiotion to liear-Aihiilial 
until next summer, a new rule to that ett'ect ha\ini;- been recenlU 
made. 

After the city of Boston had named a ])ublic s(piare 
for George Dewey, the councilman who liatl been instru- 
mental in having the s(piare named addressed a letter 
to the Admiral informing him of the fact. To his letter 
the Adiniral made the following reply: — 

UxiTKU SlATKS CKflSKi; Ol.VMl'lA. ) 

Manila. Phii.iii'ink Islands. Xo\eml)er 'I'l. IS'.IS. S 
Mr. W. W. Hlhbaiu): 

JJniir Sir: — I have the pleasure to acknowledi^e the n^ci'lpt of 
your letter of October 10. int'oi'mino- me that \(iu had introilured. 
and had passed throu^'h l)otli branches of the IJoslon citv l^ov- 
ernment, an orrler naniino- the area in fi'ont of Uoston's rii'w I'nion 
Station. •• Dewey Square." 

I have watched with nnicli interest the buildiuL;- of (his station, 
and have noted with a i^reat deal of pride that this, the linesl and 



412 



LIFE OF ADMIKAL DEWEY 



larijest in the world, has been erected by the foremost city of New 
Enyhind, and now. with increased interest and pride do 1 thank you. 
and bi'ij that you will convey my tlianks and appreciation to the 
nicmhiTS (if liiith branches of the council for the honor with which 
they have so courteously favored me. 

Yours very truly. 

Geokge Dewey. 



6881 S S^^ 

,n3M33^^ 




REPRODUCTION, IN FAG-SIMILE. OF ADDRESSED ENVELOPE FROM ADMIRAL DEWEY 
TO HIS BROTHER. THE HON. CHARLES DEWEY 

In October, live luonths after tlie Battle of Mauil;i. the 
following letter was received by the Honorable Charles 
Dewey, brother of the Admiral. That Dewey is a man 
of unusual nerve force is demonstrated by liis statement 
that, notwithstanding the extraordinary strain of work and 
worry, he is still in good health, and keenly appreciative 



LETTERS FROM DEWHY 41:! 

of the kindly sentiment toward him amoiii,^ the people in 
the United States. This evidence of appreciation of his 
efforts by friends at home, he says, is the fountainhead of 
his inspiration and strength. 

FLAIiSIlir Ol.YMl'IA, ) 

Manila. October C). 1S<IS. ( 

My Dear Brother: — I was sjlacl to hear from you the other 
day and to know that on Aui,nist 20 last you w.-rc all well; 1 was 
particularly phased to know that Edward and Mary were so well. 
Without ^•ood health there is very little worth livintr for. 

My health continues to be excellent, notwithstanding- my hard 
work and o;reat responsibilities. One thino-. 1 think, that keeps me up 
is the fact that my work out here has been fully appreciated by my 

countrymen, and they have not been liackward in showiui^ their i i- 

mendation. ily cabin is iilleil with presents of e\ery kind received 
from all over the country. 

I hope soon to have one or two battleships in my fleet, and sliall 
then be ready for any power likely to attack us: |>erliaj>s the />/■""/■- 
////( may come out too, either she or the Xin- ) "(■/■. I have just 
sent three shi])S to the mouth of the Reiho. as near Pekinir as shijis 
can ijo on account of threatened disturbance in China. 

1 see my hands are i^'oijiL;- to lie full. With love to all and 
thanks for the nice sayinos iu your letter. 1 am. 

Your affectionati' brother. 

Gkoi!i;k Dkwkv. 

Among the brave American soldiers who laid dmvii 
their lives at the Battle of Malate. neai- ^Manila, on ilic 
night of July 31, ISDS, was a young Pennsylvanian from 
Mount Pleasant, who left behind him. in the Keystone 
State, a liride of one year. Soon after the luislMiid's de- 
parture for the Philippines a liaby girl was l.orii. and ilie 
fond parent is said to have prayed, with liis dying breath, 
for God's protecting care for his loved ones, so fai' away. 



414 LIFE OF ADMIHAL DEWEY 



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Flagship Olympia 



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ADMIRAL DEWEY'S LETTER TO HIS SISTER. MRS. GREELEY, IN FAC-SIMILE 



LETTERS FKO.M 1>EWEY 



415 




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LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 




LETTERS FROM DEWEY 



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418 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



_^ Flagship Olymp I A^_,^__<j5i:^^_^ 








LETTERS FROM DEWEY 



419 




420 



LIFE OF ADMIKAL DEWEY 




LETTERS FROM DEWEY 



421 




422 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

The widowed mother received tlie brief oiticial notice 
from Washington of tlie death of her husband, and. not 
knowing whom else to address, wrcjte a letter to Admiral 
Dewey, asking for particulars. To her message the Ad- 
miral sent the following touching reply: — 



Flagship Oi.ympia, ) 
ANiLA, October 23, 1S'J8. \ 



M 
.\[y Deak Mrs. Noss: — 

I wish to i'X]ire.ss to you mv deepest sviiqiatliy. It imist lessen your 
sDiiiiw Sdiuewliat to know tliat your youn<i- husband fell tiijhtiiiir 
bravely for liis eountry. tlie noblest death a man can know. From 
the 0/r////'/tr 1 watrhed the fiojit that fearful nio-ht. and wondered 
hiiw inaiiv American homes would be saddened by the martyrdom 
suffered by our brave men ; and my sympathy went out to each and 
every one of them. 

Your loss has been sadder than the others, and I am unable to 
express the sorrow 1 feel for you. Tears eaiiie to my eyes as I read 
the sad story of the father who never saw his child, and then the 
loss of all that was left to the brave mother. It is hard sometimes 
to believe it, but our Heavenly Father, in His infinite goodness, al- 
ways does things for the best, and some day father, mother, and 
dau<rhter will be joined, never again to be parted. 

With my tenderest sympathy, believe me your sincere friend, 

Geouge Dewey. 



And here is another side to the man wlio could ride 
over i)Ossible mines into a strange harboi- at dead of 
night and face a known foe without as much as flinching 
at the sound of the enemy's guns. Some time after the 
Battle of Manila a little eight-year-old daughter of John 
(Jardwell, of New Albany. Ky., penned a sweet little note to 
the great Admiral at Manila and begged her parents to 
permit her to send it to him. 



LETTERS FROM DEWEY 423 

lu the letter she asked Admiral Dewey if he could 
give her something as a someiiir of the Battle of Manila, 
even if it were onlj- "just a button off your coat." as 
she put it. She also sent him a photograpli of herself. 
Just before t'hristmas the child received an autograph 
letter from the man who then held the destinies of eight 
millions of people in his own hands, l)ut could yet Hnd 
time to pen an answer to a little stranger, whom he was 
pleased to address as his "Little Fi'iend." This one letter 
illustrates as well as a dozen could do it, the kind heart 
and gentle nature possessed by the Admiral of all the 
American Navy: — 

Flagship Ot.ympia. ) 

Manila, Philippine Islands, Nnvemljer 11. 1S98. \ 

Jfi/ l>i(ir Little Frii:iuJ : — I liavi' ren'ived and riijuvi''! vmir 
letter so niueh. I am very miu-li olilii^'ed to you for vcmr [licture, 
and it is the very nicest jiresent you eouid liave sent me. 

I am very sorry tliat 1 have nothini^ to send you. for I would 
like to very much. So many peojile luive already asked me for hut- 
tons and pictures that I have a long time ago given tliem all away. 
I haven't enough buttons left to button my coat. 

Believe me. your sincere friend, 

GEoKciK Dewev. 

A number of Confederate veterans living at Clarks- 
ville, Tenn.. wrote a letter of congratulation to Admiral 
Dewey after the Rattle of Manila: and in view of the 
fact that the same men had manned the Confederate 
battery which sunk the Mississippi at Rort Hudson, on 
that memorable March IM. 1S6:?, when Ceorge Dewey 
came so near losing his life, the instance shows that 
even the bitterest of old comrades on each side are 



424 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

baryiug the hatchet and falling into that grandest of 
grand armies where the blue and the gray are march- 
ing shoulder to shoulder. The old veterans who sent 
the letter expressing a cordial feeling for their former 
enemy and distinguished compatriot told him of their 
relation to him during the Port Hudson incident. And 
here is George Dewey's answer to their letter: — 



! 



Flagship OLYjrpiA, 
CavitjS, Philippine Islands, July 23, 189!S. 

Dear iSirs : — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your 
letter and resolutions of May 28, 1898, and I can assure aou that, 
althoutjh I have liad letters, resolutions, telesjranis, etc.. from all parts 
of the United States, none has given me more pleasure than the com- 
munication from vou. 

One fortunate result of this war with Spain is the healing of all 
the wounds that have been rankling since 1805, and I believe that 
from now on we will be a united people — with no North, no South. 

That result alone will be worth all the sacrifices we have made. 
It would give me much pleasure to talk over with you those stirring 
davs around Port Hudson, and I hope that ])leasure may be in store for 
me. In the meanwhile, with many thanks for your congratulations 
and best wishes. I remain, Very truly, 

George Dewey. 

Lieutenant A. F. Smith and Others, Clarksville, Tenn. 

After the Battle of Manila had brought to Admiral 
Dewey the hearty and unanimous commendation of the 
American people, and as the war with Spain did not 
seem to bring out any other one man so prominently to 
the public view, the politicians of all parties began to 
wonder if the hero of Manila might not perhaps have a 
desire to become a candidate for the presidency. After 
making a pretty thorough canvass of the situation, and 



LETTERS FROM DEWEY 



425 



becoming satisfied that no candidate conld stand against 
him if he would consent to become a candidate for tliat 
highest office in the gift of the American people, a New 
York newspaper sent an agent to Manila to interview 






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ADMIRAL DEWEY'S LETTER TO HIS BROTHER EDWARD, IN FAC-SIMILE 

the Admiral on that subject. The published answer to 
the questions asked created a sensation in the United 
States. It seemed well-nigh incredible that any man so 
situated could rise above his own ambition and refuse to 
be considered as a candidate for such honors. But George 



426 LIFE OF ADMIKAL DEWEY 

Dewey endeared liiiuself to the American people still 
more by his pronijjt a)id unequivocal response. Here are 
his own words as cabled to the United States: — 

I wciiilil not at-ccpt a noiiiinatioii for the presidencv of tlie 
I'liitcd States. 

I have no desire for any political office. I am unfitted for it, 
liavirii^r neither tiie edvication nor the training;'. 

I am deiMilv irrateful for many expressions of kindly sentiment 
from the American ])eople. but I desire to retire in jieace to tlie 
enjoyment of my old ai>^e. 

The navy is one ])rofi>ssion. politics another. 1 am too old to 
learn a new profession now. 

1 have no political associations, and my health would never 
stand the strain of a canvass. 

I have been approached by politicians repeatedly, in one way 
or anotlier. l)nt I have refused absolutely to consider any proposi- 
tion whatever. 

This is final. 

But the management might have saved the expense 
of a special commissioner to Manila had they consulted 
the Admiral's immediate family in Moutpelier. As early 
as January lSi)9 the Honorable Charles Dewey received 
from his distinguished brother the following letter on the 
siil)ject, accompanied by the declaration that "I had 
rather be an Admiral ten times over." 

United States Cruiser Olympia. ) 

Manila. December 10. 1S9S. ( 

Dear Brother : — '^'ours of October 29. with inclosure. was duly 
received. . . . Xotliinp new here. We are waitiui,'' to hear from 
Washinifton that the United States <nvns the islands, and then will 
follow the question of dealintf with the insurijents. General Otis 
thinks Atfuinaldo is losinir his power and that the insurrection will 
soon disintegrate. 1 liope so. 



LETTERS FROM DEWEY 427 

I have strong letters urging nie t(i lieeonie the 1 )i'niocriitie 
candidate for President. I had rath.T he an Admiral ten times 
over. With much love, 

Your affeetionate brotlier, 

Geokc^e Dewey 

HOXOKABLE ChAKLES DeWEY. 

Among the tragedies of the Spani.sh War wa.s the 
death, a few weeks after the Battle of Manila, of Captain 
Charles V. Gridley. of the OJijrnpia. Captain Gridley was 
a sick man before the battle was fought, and the shock 
to his nervous system occasioned by the engagement was 
too much for him and he died while on his way to the 
United States, where he had been ordered by the Na\y 
Department officials. The mother of Captain Gridley 
wrote a letter concerning her son's death to Admiral 
Dewey, and received the following reply: — 

Fla(;shii> Olymi'ia. ) 

Cavite. Philiitine Islands. August 12, ISUS. \ 

D(Or ^IiiJinn : — Am just in reeeipt of your letter in regard ti) 
the death of your son. L'a]itai]i Charles V. Gridley. and wish to ex- 
tend to you my most sincere sympathy in your great beri>avement. 
His loss is mourned by all who knew him. and especially bv me, 
whose friend and trusted and gallant assistant lie was. His illness 
began in Hong-Kong, but he l)ra\ely clung to his post, and not 
until after the battle and yietory in which lie assisted so much wonhl 
he consent to leave his ship and return to the United States. His 
death was caused I)y a complication of diseases, including diarrh<ea 
and dropsy, all due to a disordered condition of liver, and ao-o-ra- 
vated bv a rupture sustained on the dav 'if tlii> batth'. 'I'hc im- 
mediate cause of his death, which occurriMl at Kobe, was severe 
hemorrhage of the stomach. This was entiirly unexjiecled : indeed, 
our surgeon had no idea that it would occui-. or that Gajitain Gridley 
was danirerously ill. although, of course, it was known that he ci>uld 
not remain on duty. 



428 LIFE OF ADMIRAL L)P:WEY 

It is ;i matter of some erratification to me tliat 1 was instrumental 
in obtainiiiij for liim an advani-enient in his i^rraile for highly distin- 
iruished conduct in battle, which he richly deserved, though he did 
not live to enjoy it. 

With heartfelt sympathy, very sincerely yours. 

Gkorge Dewey. 

To a comrade in the Navy George Dewey throws a 
side light on the Battle of Manila in the following letter, 
written a few weeks after the engagement took place. 
The letter is dated "On board the Olympia, off Manila," 
and highly commends the bravery of the men who 
manned the Spanish boats and guns: — 

J/y Bear N'ortun : — ... As we moved past Corresridor, the 
OI)/mpifi beini^r in advance, suddenly, not fifty yards to the right, 
there was a iimtHed roar, and a column of water shot upward thirty or 
forty feet hii^rji. In a moment another to my left. "So the place is 
mined." I said to Lamberton. .lust then I recalled what Farragut 
said to Drayton of the Hartford in Mobile Bay. when the monitor 
Teaim.sih blew up. torpedoed, very near the old flagship. Drayton 
looked a little uneasy — almost any man would at that time and 
place — when Farragut roared out through his trumpet: "D — n the 
torpedoes; signal fleet to follow nie." I signaled the fleet to follow 
the (Hi/iiip!<i, and it did most gallantly. 

1 o])ened on the Spanish flagship Reina ChriMuia with my S-inch 
guns at hve thousand eight hundred yards. Every shot took effect. 
The Spanish Admiral Montojo fought his ships like a hero. He stood 
on his quarter-deck until his ship was ablaze from stem to stern, and 
absolutely sinking under his feet ; then transferring his flag to the 
Ma I>e Onha, he fought with what was left of his fleet, standing 
fearlessly amid a hail of shrapnel until his second ship and over one 
hundred of her crew sank like lead in a whirl of water. 

It seems to mo that history in its roll of heroes should make 
mention of an Admiral who could fight his ships so bravely, and 
stand on the bridge coollv and calndy when his fleet captain was 
torn to pieces by one of our shells at his side. I sent him a mes- 
sage, telling him how I appreciated the gallantry with which he had 



LETTERS FROM DEWEY 429 



Flagship Olympia 








DEWEY-S LETTER TO HIS BROTHER CHARLES, IN FAC-SIMILE 



430 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 







/ 



LETTERS FKOM DEWEY 



431 




432 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



1 



Ci 



^ 




M?V^I^ 




LETTERS FROM DEWEY 4:^,8 

fouirlit his ships, and the deep adiuiration my oflieers and men felt for 

the commander of the Iteina ('/iristiiia, who nailed his colors tn his 

mast, and then went down with his jo^allant crew. I think, my dear 

Norton, that had you witnessed this, as 1 did. \()U. too. wuidd have 

sent the braye sailor the messat^e I caused to Ije sent to him, tn 

which he responded most courteously. . . . 

Yours truh'. 

Ge<.>i;ge Dewey. 

The following ))rief sentences will familiarize the reader 
with George Dewey's career from birth till sixty-one years 
of age: — 

1837 — Born at Montpelier. Vt. 

1849 — Rebellious pupil in Montpelier district school. 

1852 — Stutlent in the Norwich University, at Norwich, Vt. 

1854 — Entered United States Naval Academy at Annapolis as a 
cadet. 

1858 — Graduated from the Naval Academy fifth in liis class. 

1859 — Had his first experience in ocean cruisint;- on the steam 
frii^ate Wabasli in the Mediterranean. 

1800 — Commissioned as Lieutenant in the Navy. 

18(31 — Assigned to the West Gulf squadron as executive officer 
on the Mississippi. 

1862 — Went on the Mississipjii to assist Farrao-ut's fleet in the 
cajiture of New Orleans. 

18(33 — 3fississij,j,i destroyed at Port Hudson, and IJewey ordered 
up the James River under Commander McComb. 

18(34 — Attached to the North Atlantic blockading squadron. 

18(35 — Commissioned Lieutenant-Connnander for meritorious con- 
duct in the attacks on Fort Fisher. 

18(3(3 — Assigned to the steamer Keai-S(ir<ji\ on the European 
station. 

18(37 Married to Susie B. Goodwin: transferred to the Colo- 
rado, flagship of European sipiadron. 

18()8 — Detailed for two years as instructor at the Naval Acad- 
emy. 

D— 28 



434 LIFE OF ADMIKAL DEWEY 

1870 — Assigned to the steamer XitrriKjunxctt for S|)ecial service. 

1S72 — After visit of inspeetion to torpedo stations, made Com- 
mander of tlie X<'rr<i(/ii/i'<i /t, and sent to tlie I'acitif Coast Survey, 
wliere lie remained ncarl\- fmir ^■(■ars. In IST'J liis wife died at New- 
port, R. I. 

1876 — Made Ligiithouse Inspector, and. later, secretary of the 
Lighthouse Board. 

1882 — Assio-ned to command the Jif/iinfn. of the Asiatic 
squadron. 

liS8-t — Promoted to Captain, and assii;-ned to command the 
Diiljiliiii. one of the four vessels that furmed tlu' original ^\'llite 
siiuadron. 

ISSo — In command of the flagship P< ii.iiic<il<i. oi the Eurojiean 
s(|uadron, for three years. 

I88y — Chief of the Bureau of Eipiipment and liccruiting at 
Washington, with the rank of Connnodore. 

1893 — Made a member of the Lighthouse Board. 

1896 — Commissioned Commodore, and made president of the Board 
of Inspection and Survey. 

1897 — Sent to the China Sea in connnand of the Asiatic squadron. 

1898 — Defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. 

1899 — Made Admiral of the United States Navy. 

A(lmii-;il George Dewey is blessed al)nve most men in 
the possession of an unnsually loving and admiring kin- 
dred. His sister, Mrs. Mary P. Greeley, of ^lontpelier. Vt.. 
tells many pleasant anecdotes of her own chikUu)od with 
"brother George." Their mother died when George was 
l)nt five years old and his sister Mary hut two years his 
junior: and the children were, for this reason, much to 
each other. Mrs. Greeley is of an exceedingly modest, 
retiring disposition and averse to being quoted with ref- 
erence to her illustrious brother. In a letter to tlie 
author, however, she speaks particularly of how full of 
life and fun her brother was, ;iud althougli somewhat 



LETTERS FROM DEWEY 



435 









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ADMIRAL DEWEY^S LETTER TO HIS BROTHER CHARLES, IN FAC-SIMILE 



436 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



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437 




438 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 




LETTERS FROM I)EWEY 4;J9 

addicted to tlie habit of playing truant fi-oni school, his 
lovalile traits of character and nolile qualities outweighed 
anything that could be said against him. 

"When George was eleven years old some one gave 
him the story of Hannilial crossing the Alps. He never 
tired of reading this l)ook, and one morning, taking some 
other boys for a bodyguard, he started on the snow crust 
to climb the steep hill just back of the State House, imag- 
ining himself Hannibal, and he never gave up until he 
reached the summit." 

George was a great actor, and used to have a theatre 
in the carriage-house at his father's liarn. A Imffalo robe 
was the drop-curtain, five pins were charged for admission 
to the performance, and a peanut stand was in evidence. 
The plays were mostly high tragedy, in which George 
always took a prominent part. 

His sister remembers that at one time the star actress, 
a little girl of her own age. could not appear, and George 
called on her to take the part. She was frightened at 
the firing of revolvers in the play, and told him she 
could not think of a thing to say. He rei^lied : " Well, 
make it up as you go along, then. The perfornian<;e 
must go on." And the performance did go on to the 
end. 

"George was very apt to get into trouble with boys 
older than himself. He was always ai-ound where cannon 
were to be fired on festival occasions. One I'durtli of 
July, when he was about eight ycai's old, lie was so 
anxious to be near the cannon that was biMug tired ou 
the Common that his face was Idown full of powder. 



440 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



We were, of course, much frightened lest the accident 
might prove serious. 

"But George was a good boy, generous, brave, and 
absohitely fearless. There was nothing cowardly about 
him. To relate all of his thoughtful deeds when we were 
children together would fill a book." 



1776 




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CHAPTER XV 



DEWEYS ROYAL ANCESTRY 



THE LYMAN, LAMBERT, OSBORNE, AND DEWEY COATS OF ARMS 
-BRIEF MENTION OF OTHER DEWEYS PROMINENT IN AMER- 
ICAN AFFAIRS 

|n an interesting letter on the .sub- 
ject of George Dewey's ancestrj*, 
Mr. C. H. Bi-owning. of Ardniore, 
Pa., states that, while it will not 
add a particle to his fame ob- 
tained by the heroism and tact 
displayed at the Battle of Manila, 
yet it is agreeable to know that 
he is, from a genealogical stand- 
point, well born, and that his 
ancestry is unsurpa.ssed. These assertions are vouched for 
by statements bearing on his claims found in Browning's 
"Americans of Royal Descent,"' Douglas's "Peerage of Scot- 
laud," Dugdale's "Baronage of England." Anderson's "Royal 
Genealogies," "The ^lagna Charta Barons and their American 
Descendants," and other works of like authority. 

(441) 




^Vditutol 'Ttlontojof Flag-sfhip. 



442 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

Admiral Dewey's pedigree liegins on the verj^ border 
of mythology with Thor. the Scandinaviau war god, or cult 
hero, who, according to the ancient chronicles and Snorra 
Edda of the Saxons, was the ancestor in the nineteenth or 
twentieth generation of another cult hero, who is almost 
a myth, called variously Vothinn, Othinn, Odin, Bodo. and 
Woden, the King of the West Saxons, A. D.. 256-300. who. 
with his spouse, Frea, were the ]\Iars and Venus of Saxon 
mythology. This King Woden, the God of Wa,r, is de- 
scribed as the great-great-grandfather of the bugaboos of 
English history, Ilorsa and Hengst, ))rothers, freebooters 
and pirates, of whom the Saxon annals tell us that 
Hengst was the King of Saxons, and died between A. I). 
474 and 495. first King of Kent. 

Leaving this progenitor of the Saxon rulers of Britain, 
Admiral Dewey's royal lineage passes along tlic royal 
Saxon line on the continent, througli King Hengst's son. 
Prince Hartwaker, to the historic King Dieteric. and his 
"famous" wife (he had others), Dobrogera, a daughter of 
the unique character. Bellung, King of the Worder. Their 
grandson, Witekind the (Ireat. was the last king of the Sax- 
ons, A. D. 769-807. and then dwindled into only their Dukes, 
and Duke of Westphalia, while his descendants for a few 
generations were only Counts of Wcttin, until on the gen- 
ealogical lino we come to the great Eobert — Robert-fortis — 
who, by his sword, became Count of Anjou and Orleans. Duke 
and Marquis of France, and a\ on the hand of the fair Lady 
Alisa. sister-in-law to the King of the Francs. Lothar 1. 

This hero of media'val history. h'ol)('rt-foi-tis. tlie groat- 
grandson of the great Witekind. was the fouiidor of the 



DEWEY'S ROYAL ANCESTRY 448 

so-called Capetian line of monarchs of France, for from 
him, through a line of Dukes of France and Burgundy, 
Counts of Paris, etc.. wlio liy their swords and intermar- 
riages became firmly seated on French soil, was descended 
the celebrated Hugh Capet, Duke of France, who usurped 
the throne of France and supplanted Charles, Duke of Lor- 
raine, son of Louis d'Uutremer, and heir of King Louis V.. 
the last Carlovingian, or descendant of the great Emperor 
Charlemagne, to occupy the "French" throne. 

'Tis said "blood will tell." How true it is in Dewey's 
case. The blood of the hnest warriors of history tells in 
him. He inherited the "knack of knowing" when to do 
it and how to do it. and is the peer of any of his ances- 
tors from Hengst to Hugh Capet, yet unconsciously he 
emulated the traits of many of them. 

Tw^o other kings of the Capetian line — Robert the 
Pious and Henry L — Dewey numbers among his illustri- 
ous ancestors, and Gibbon, in his "Decline and Fall of 
the Roman Empire," tells us of the high lineage of one 
of his early ancestresses, Anne of Prussia, wife of Henry 
L, of France. Gibbon states that she was the daughter 
of Jaroslaus, Grand Duke or Czar of Russia, A. D. 1015- 
1051, who was a descendant of Basil, the Macedonian, 
first Emperor of Constantinople, of his line, A. D. S()7. 
and that Basil was descended, on his fathers side, fnmi 
the Aracides, the rivals of Rome, possessors of the scep- 
tre of the East for four hundred years: through a younger 
branch of the Parthian monarchs, reigning in Armenia; 
and on his mother's side, from the European Constant ine 
the Great, and Alexander the Great, the Macedonian. 



444 LIFE OF ADMIKAL DEWEY 

All these illustrious historic characters were Dewey's 
forbears, aud so also were many others he nor any one 
can ever be proud of. But genealogy, like politics,, 
makes strange bedfellows. He was born to these — good, 
bad, and indifferent ancestors — they have been discovered 
for him, not manufactured, and of their attributes he 
has inherited the best, so it appears. 

Continuing Dewey's pedigree, we hnd that one of his 
ancestors — the one necessary to connect him with these 
historic characters — was the son of King Henry T. of 
France, Hugh the Great, Duke of France and Burgundy. 
Marquis of Orleans and Count of Paris, and through his 
wife. Count of Vermandois and Valois. a noted man of 
his day. 

It is here that Dewey's pedigree leaves the continent 
and begins to be a part of English history. Dewey's 
ancestress, Lady Isabel de Vermandois. was the daughter 
of the aforesaid Hugh Magnus, and was the first wife 
(he was her first husband) of Robert de Belloniont. or 
Beaumont, a Norman. Earl of Millent, who accompanied 
William of Normandy on his expedition to England, and 
for the part he took in the conquest was created in 
1108 Earl of Leice.ster and granted many manors in 
England, dying in Ills. He had issue by Lady Isal^el, 
Robert Bossu de Bellomont, second Earl of Leicester, wlio 
was Lord Cliief-Justice of England, and dying in lli)S, 
had issue by his wife. Lady Amelia or Amicia. a daugh- 
ter of Ralph de Waer, or Waher. who in inGG was the 
Eai'l of Norfolk. Suffolk, and Cambridge, but forfeited 
these earldoms in 1074. Rol)ort-Blan('li-Mains. third Earl 




|'^mtiB-fiiwbfi1-#sb5:»n\r 



DEWEY'S ROYAL ANCESTRY 445 

of Leicester and Steward of England, wliose daughter. 
Lady Margaret de Belloniont. was an ancestress of Ad- 
miral Dewey. 

This lady married Saher de Quincey, an English liamii, 
created Earl of Winchester in 1-207 liy King .Inhii. to 
win him over to his side. This haron accejited and en- 
joyed the honors confeired on him Viy John, but never 
W'as friendly to him. t)n the contrary, he was, next to 
Fitz Walter, the leader of the insurrectionary ))ar<iiis. 
and did as much work as any of them to compel King 
John to grant the Magna Charta — the charter of lib- 
erty — and was one of the twenty-five sureties chosen to 
enforce its oliservance. It is through this liaron that Dewey 
is eligible to membership in the Order of Runny mede. 

Turning now to the jiages of the Scottish peerage 
books, we learn that this Earl of Winchester's grand- 
daughter. Elizabeth de Quincey, was the wife of Alex- 
ander de Comyn, second Earl of Buchan. who was a de- 
scendant of Donalbane. King of Scots, which gives Dewey 
a "strain" of the sturdiest sort. And reverting again to 
the English peerage, we find that (Jilb(n-t. Baron d'Uni- 
fraville. married Lady Agnes, a daughter of the atVn-e- 
said Elizabeth, Countess of Buchan. and was the progenitor 
of a line of Umfravilles to Lady Joan d'Unifraville. who 
married Sir William Lambert, Knt.. Lord of Owiton 
Manor, in Durham. From the authentic pedigrees of tlu^ 
official Heralds of England we learn that a. great-grand- 
daughter l)y this marriage was the wife of Thomas Ly- 
man, Gent, of Navistoke, in Essex, who died in 1501). and 
the mother of Henry Lyman, of High Ongai-. in I'.ssex, 



44f'. LIFE OF ADMllJAL DEWEY 

who was the ancestor of that Eichartl l.\iiiaii. of High 
Ongar Manor in 1580. who came to the Mai^sachusetts 
(Vik)ny in KUJl iuul died in KUO at Hartford. Oonn.. of 
which city he was one of the founders and earliest lot 
owners. His grandson, Eichard Lyman, of ^Vindsor, Conn., 
had one daughter, named Hepzibah. who married, November 
6. 16(52. Josiah Dewey (a son of Thomas Dewey, who came to 
the Massachusetts Bay Colony from Sandwich, England, in 
lO^d). and was the lineal ancestor of our gallant hero. 
Admiral George Dewey. 

More briefly stated, the pedigree, lioth curious and in- 
teresting, is as follows: — 

(1) Cliarleiuai^iie. Emjieror. etc.. had 

(2) Pepin. King of Italy, who had 

(3) Bernard. Kinij of Italy, who had 

(4) Pepin, Count de Vermandois, 840. wlio had 

(5) Herbert I., Count de Vermandois, died 90','. who had 
(0) Herbert II.. Count de Vermandois, died 943. who had 

(7) Albert 1., the Pious, Count de Vermandois. 943-987. who had 
by his wife Gerberga, a daughter of Louis IV. of Prance 
(S) Herbert III.. Count de Vermandois. who had 

(9) Otho. Count dp Vermandois. 1(»'21-1045. who had 

(10) Herbert IV., Count de Vermandois. 1045 -l( ISO, wlio had 

(11) Countess Adelar, heiress. 1(>S()1117, who married Hugh 
Magnus, son of Henry I,. King of France, by Anne of Prussia, and 
had 

(12) Lady Isabel de Vermandois. who married Robert, first Baron 
de Bellomont, created Earl of Leicester and Mellent, and had 

(13) Robert, second Earl of Leicester, Lord Chief- Justice of Eng- 
latid, who liad 

(14) Robert, tliird Earl of Leicester. Steward of En>rland. who 
had 

(15) Lady .Marijaret de Bellomont. who married Saire de Quincy. 
created Earl of Winchester. 1207. ilied 1219. leavinij 



DEWEY'S ROYAL ANCESTRY 447 

(1()) Koirer. seciinil Eiirl of ^\"nK•lu'stel•. Constaljlc uf Seothiiid, 
married Ladv Hrli-n. daughter of Alan, Lord of (iallowuv, died 12(14. 
leaving 

(17) Ladv Elizaheth de (^)uiiic\-. who married Alexander. IJaron 
Comyn, second Earl of Burhan. i^randson of llirhani. Raron < 'oriivii. 
Chief-.Tiistice of Scotland, and his wifi'. Ladv llexilda. grandilaughter 
of Donalbane. King of Scots, wlm had 

(18) Ladv Agnes Comvn. who married (liHuMt. Baron de L'mfra- 
ville. and had 

(19) Gilbert. Baron de I'nifra\ iUe. Karl of Anoiis. liv right of his 
first wife; married 1243. Matilda. Countess of Any-us. and had 

(20) Robert de Umfraville, second Earl of Angus, who had, by his 
second wife, Lady Alansee, 

(21) Sir Thoiiuis de Umfra\ille. of IIarl>oUle. younger son. who 
married Lady .Joane, daughter of Adam de Kotlam. and had 

(22) Sir Thomas de Umfraville, Lord of Kiddesdale and Kyme, 
who had by his wife. Lady Agnes 

(23) Lady .Joane de UmfraxiUi-. who married Sir William Lam- 
bert, of Owlton. Durham, and liad 

(24) Robert Lambert, of Owlton (or Owton). father of 

(25) Henry Lambert, of Ongar. Essex, father of 

(26) Elizabeth Lambert, who married Tlu>mas Lyman, of Navistoke. 
Essex, died ITiOU. leaving 

(27) Henry Lyman, of Navistoke and Higli Ongar. who married 
Alicia, daughter of Simon Hyde, of Wetherstield. Essex, and had 

(28) John Lyman, of Hiyh Ongar. who married Margaret, daughter 
of William Girard. of Beauchani]., Essex, died at Navistoke. 1581), 
leaving 

(29) Henry Lyman, of Higli ( )ngar. whose son 

(30) Richard Lyman, born 15S0. at High Ongar. removed to Kox- 
bury. Mass., in 1631. died 1640, at Hartford. Conn., of which he was 
one of the original jiroprietors. He had issue by his first wife. Sarah, 

(31) Robert Lyman, who married He]r/.ibah. daughter of 'nicmas 
Bascom, and had 

(32) Richard Lyman, of Windsor, who married Heji/ibah. daughter 
of Thomas Ford, and had 

(33) Hepzibah Lyman, who married .losiah Dewey, born 1641. died 
after 1 731 . and had 



448 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWKY 

(34) Josiah Dewey. .Ir., bom 1 ()()('), who niarried .Mehital)le Miller, 
and had 

(35) William Dewev. who irianied MiTcy Bailey in ITlti. and had 
(3(5) Simeon Dewev. born 171 N. ilied 1750. who married Anna 

Phelps, born HIU, died 1801. and had 

(37) William Dewey, born 1746, died 1813. who married Rebecca 
Carrier, born 174(1. died 1S37. and had 

(38) Simeon Dewey. Iiorn 1770. died 18f;3, who married Prudence 
Yemaiis, born 1772. died 1S44. antl had 

(39) Julius Yemans Dewev. born 1801, died 1877. who married 
Ma.-y Perrin, born 17!)',), died 1843, and had 

(40) Georije Dewey, the present Admiral, born 1837, who married 
Susie B. Goodwin. 

In England no person is permitted to use a coat of 
arms or heraldic device to which he is not entitled, and 
offenders are punished by either hne or imprisonment. 
In the Middle Ages coats of arms were considered as 
hereditary marks of hdiior. They consisted of certain 
tix(Ml figures and colors conferred by sovereign ininces at 
first, and generally as a reward for military achievements; 
l)ut sub.sequently also in recognition of some signal pulilic 
service not necessarily of a military character, and served 
to denote the descent and alliance of the bearer. These 
marks of honor are called '"arms" from their being prin- 
cipally and at first worn only by military men in war 
and at tournaments, who had them depicted on their 
shields. As these devices were embroidered ujion coats 
worn over the armor they were called "coats of arms." 
A knight's coat of arms and crest was his distinction from 
others and was guarded as his honor. 

Elsewhere in tliis honk api)ear four plates, showing the 
royal arms of the Lyman, Lambert, Osborne, and Dewey 



I 




1-LvMAN 

2-Trethewy 

3-Lambert 

4-Cresev 


9-ANGU8 

10-Berkeley 

1 1-RoDAM 
12-HrD£ 


5-Lamoert 


13-GlRARO 


fi-PlCKERING 


14-ScoTT 


7-Umfraville 

8-ToRINGTON 


15~0S BORNE 
16-LvMAN 



DEWF.Y'S ROYAL ANCESTKY 449 

families in England. Following are the technical descriptions 
of the same, as given in an established anthority on 
heraldry: — 

THE LYMAN ARMS 
Arms — Per Chevron, o-u. ;iiul ;ir. ; in base an amiult of tlie lirst. 
Crest — A (lemi-bull, ar. ; attired and hoofed, or. hmq'ued li'u. 
Motto — '-Quod Verum Tufuni."" 

These are the arms of Hepzil)ah Lyman, daughter of 
Richard Lyman, of Windsor. Conn., of royal descent, and 
who married Josiah Dewey the first, the lineal ancestor 
of Admiral George Dewey. 

THE LYMAN-LAMBERT-OSBORNE ARMS 
Arms in the (juarterh. - -One and four. L^iiian. as above. Ijani- 
bert 2. — Gu.. a elievron between three hiniljs. ( )sborne 3. — (.^>uar- 
terlv eriu.. antl e-u.. over all a cross or. 

The Lambert arms were used by the family of 
Elizabeth Lambert, daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas 
Lambert, and who w'as married to Thomas Lyman iiboiit 
14SS, bringing large estates into the family, and greatly 
strengthening its connection with royalty. 

The Osborne arms w^ere those of SaraJi Osborne, wife 
of Richard Lyman, who came to America in Ki^iL aiiil 
was the grandfather of Hepzibah Lyman, who married 
Josiah Dewey. 

The arms shown in the (piarterly of sixteen figures 
are used by the descendants of any one of the fourteen 
families represented, most of them l)eiiig in tli(> I'oyal line 
from Charlemagne to Lyman. Following are the names of 
families. numl)ering from left to right across the chart: — 

1, Lyman; 2. Trediewy ; 11 Lambert; 4. Cresey : •'>. Lambert; 
(). Pickerino-; 7, Umfraville ; 8. Toringl<m ; 'J, Angus; lU, Berkeley; 
D — ■-•9 



450 LIFE OF A DM 1 UAL DEWEY 

II. Rodam; 12, Hyde; 13. Girard : 14, Sc-ott ; IT.. Osborne; IP), 
Lyiiiiin. The crest and motto are those of tlie Lyman family. 

THE DEWEY ARMS 

The arms of the Dewey family are very old. Edward 
Wilkins Dewey, of New York city, while searching for 
records of the Dewey family among the archives of the 
British Museum, discovered an old parchment book on 
heraldry, evidently wi'itten before the time of the print- 
ing jiress. in which he found the following: — 

Dewe: (Biu-ks). — Sa. on a foss between three dragons' heads 
erased or., langued gu., as many cinquefoils of the field. 

Crest. — A dragon's head between two wings exjiandcd sa., on 
each a cinquefoil or. 

This description is prol)ably the original coat of arms 
given to the family w'hich was at that time located in 
Bucks County. 

The interpretation of the aliove is as follows: — 

Arms.- 'Phr shii-ld is sable ( blai'k ) with a gold fess (band) run- 
ning across it liorizontally, on which are three black cinquefoils (or 
five-leaved clover); above tlie fess are two dragons' heads erased 
(forcibly torn (iff. leaving the se])arated jiarts ja^-u-ed and uneven) 
and one under also erased. All three of gold ami langued gu. (with 
red tongues). 

Crest. — A dragon's bead between two wings expanded sa., on each 
a cinquefoil or. , 

Tn other words the dragon's head and wings are 
black, and ou each is a cinquefoil of gold. 

Motto. — "Corona Veniet IJelectis," which means: "A crown will 
come to those deserving it." 

This motto has not been found among the records of 
any established authority on this subject, and may be 



THOMAS DEN 
E34DyBD APRIL 

THE S Z VFARE OF 






^1 
it 







7 J® 







MONUMENT TO THE FIRST DEWEV BOHN IN AMERICA, NOW bIA,\UINL. I.\ IHt 
OLD CEMETERY AT WESTFIELD. MASS. 



DE^VKY'R ROYAL ANCESTRY 



458 



^ 






'■ ^54 



said to be a ''"~ 
tradition 
of the Auier- 
icau family, i 
Mr. Sherman I 
Dewey.inai-e- ■ 
cord written \ 
in 1795. gives 
this motto as 
being handed 
down to him 
by his fore- 
fathers, and 
it is uudonht- 
edly correct. 

In Burke's 
"Heraldry" 
we fi n d a 
later descrip- [ 

tion of the I ' -^x 

arms of the rev. dr. orville dewey 

Dewey family in Norfolk County. England 




^sit 



as fol- 



lows 

Dewy. — ■ Sa. on a fess arijent. Ix^tween tlirt'e drandiis' lioads erased 
or., as many cinquefoils of tin' lii'M. 

The difference being that the fess is of silver instciid 
of gold, and the dragons' tongues are of the same color 
as the heads, gold. This sliows the coiincclion hrtween 
the Dewe family of Bucks County and the Itcwy family 
of Statfield, in Norfolk Count v. There are several other 



454 LIFE OF ADMIKAL DKWEY 

arins. l)ut of a later date, given to one family in Kent, 
described as follows: — 

Dewe. — Gu. a c-liev. ar. between nine jilates. five and four. Arms 
given to a family of Dewe, or D'Ewes, of Stowlanijtoft, bart.. whitli 
was extinct in 1736. are as follows: "Or, a fess vair between three 
quatrefoils iju.'" Another is, "Dewey. — Ar. a pile gu." All are now 
extinct in Enirland. 

The Dewej' arms shown in this liook are said to have 
belonged to one Simeon Dewey, supposed to have been 
the father of Thomas Dewey, who came to America with 
the Reverend Warham in l()3(i. Simeon Dewey was cre- 
ated a Baronet of Stow Hall in 1()-J1>. 

In Older that the reader may know something of the 
family from which Admiral George Dew'ey has descended, 
we have deemed it best to devote a few pages of space to 
a brief history of the Dewey family in America. 

The origin of this name is somewhat ol)scure, but is 
supposed to have originated in French Flanders, some of 
the Dewpys having come from l)ouai. France, to England 
witli William the C'ontiueror. and settled in Lincolnshire. 
But there are families of Deweys in the Ignited States 
wiio have come from I'^ngland. Irrhind. Denmark, and 
Norway. 

The family in America traces its lineage direct to one 
Thomas Dewey, who came to the ^Massachusetts Bay Col- 
ony from Sandwicli in Kent. England, in KloO. with (he 
Reverend John Warham and liis little liand of persecuted 
Christians, and settled in Horchester. Thomas Dewey was 
essentially a settler, and aftei- about five years made an- 
other move to still newer held.s antl became one of tlie 




i 



DEWEY'S KOYAL ANCESTRY 



455 



i 




pioneers in 
the settle- 
nient of an- 
cient Windsor 
in Connecti- 
cut. Here, in 
1639. he mar- 
ried the wid- ' 
ow of Joseph 
Clark, and had 
five children, { 
as follows : — ' 

Thomas 
Dewey the 

second, born ' 

i 

February 1(5, i 

16 4 0, w h o 

married, June 

1,1663, at Dor- 

Chester, Mass., 

Constant Hawes, daughter of liichard and Ann llawos, 

and had ten children, becoming the head of what is now 

known as the Thomas liranch of the Dewey family. 

JosiAH Dewey, baptized October 1<». 1641. who marrird. 
November 6, 166-2. at Northampton, Mass., Hepzibah Ly- 
man, daughter of Richard and Hepzibah <Ford), and had 
eleven chil'dren, and became the head of the'Josiah branch 
of the Dewey family. George Dewey, the present Admiral, 
is a descendant of Josiah Dewey, and is of the ninth gen- 
eration from Thomas Dewey, the settler. 



REV. DR. CHESTER DEWEY 



456 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY . 

Josiah Dewey the first was a capenter by trade, and 
an active and influential citizen of his time and place. 
His marriage to the daughter of Richard Lyman, the set- 
tler, was the tie which brought to the descendants of this 
line of the Dewey family what they are now pleased to 
term "royal blood." the Lynuuis having descended through 
twenty-seven generations from tlie Emperor Charlemagne, 
there also being in this line two kings, seven counts, one 
prince, six earls, and numerous lords and ladies of the 
royal families of England, Prussia. France, and Italy. 

Anna Dewey. Iiaptized October 15, 1643, who married 
John Woodward, May 18. 1671, at Northampton, Mass,, and 
had six children. 

Israel Dewey. l)orn September 25, 1645, who married 
August 20, 1668, at Northampton, Mass., Abigail Drake, 
daughter of Sergeant Joli and Mary (Wolcott), and had 
four (diildren, and liecame the head of the Israel branch 
of the Dewey family. 

Jedediah Dewey, l)orn Decemlier 15, 1647, who married 
in 1670. at Farmington, Conn., Sarah Orton, daughter of 
Thomas and Margaret (Pell), and had ten children, and liecame 
the head of the Jedediah branch of the Dewey family. 

Following the line of George Dewey's ancestors direct, 
we next come to Josiah Dewey the second, son of 
Josiah the first, born December 24, 1666; date of his 
deatli is not known : he married, January 15, 1691, at 
Westfield, Mass., Mehitable Miller, daughter of William 
and Patience Miller, of Westfield. and had six children. 
By occupation he was a farmer, and was much respected 
by his associates. 




HON. CHARLES DEWEY 
WILLIAM TARBOX DEWEY 



MARY PERRIN DEWEY-GREELEY 
ADMIRAL GEORGE DEWEY 
GEORGE GOODWIN DEWEY 



CAPT. EDWARD DEWEY 
THEODORE GIBBS DEWEY 



I 



DEWEY'S ROYAL ANCESTRY 459 

William Dewey, next in the line, was born in Jan- 
uary 1692 at Northampton, Mass., and died at Lebanon, 
Conn., November 10. 1751). He married duly 2, 1713, at 
Lebanon, Mercy Bailey, and had nine children, seven of 
whom became heads of families. 

Simeon Dewey, son of William, born May 1, 1718, at 
Lebanon, Conn., and died there March 2, 1751. He was 
a farmer by occupation. Married, March 29, 1739, at Leb- 
anon, Anna Phelps. 

William Dewey, son of Simeon. Ixnii January 11, 
1746, at Lebanon, Conn.; died June 10. lsl3, at Han- 
over, N. H. Served in the Continental Army as a 
corporal in 1775. Was a carpenter by trade. l)ut spent 
his last years as a tiller of the soil on the banks of 
the Connecticut River. He married, in 176S, Rebecca 
Carrier, daughter of Andrew and Rebecca (Rockwell), 
and had thirteen children. 

Captain Simeon Dewey, son of William, was born 
August 20, 1770, at Hebron, Conn., and died January 11. 
1863, at the home of his son. Julius Yemans Dewey, 
at Montpelier, Vt. He was a farmer, a justice of the 
peace, a deputy sheriff, and also tilled other town and 
X county offices. He married, February 27. 1794. I'iudk.nck 
V Yemans, of Norwich, Vt.. and had eight children, Julius 
Yemans Dewey being the fourtii child. 

Julius Yemans Dewey, son of Simeon, was born .\u- 
gust 22, 1801, at Berlin. Vt., and died May 29, 1S77, 
at Montpelier, Vt. He graduated from the medical 
department of the University of Vermont in 1824, and 
practiced with great success till 18.")0. when he was 



460 LIFE OF ADMIKAL DEWEY 

appointed general agent and medical examiner for the 
National Life Insurance Company. One year later he 
was appointed president of the company, and held that 
position until the day of his death ; he was really the 
founder of the company. For many years he was a war- 
den, vestryman, and treasurer of Christ Episcopal Church 
of Montpelier. Governor Crafts appointed him surgeon 
of the First Regiment, State militia. He was a man of 
decided convictions, which he ne\er hesitated to avow 
and defend ; courageous and aggressive in everything he 
undertook. He married, June \). IS'25, at Berlin, Vt., 
Mary Perrin, daughter of Zachariah and Mary (Talcott). 
a most estimable woman, who liecame the mother of all 
of Doctor Dewey's children. She died September 3, 1S43. 
at Montpelier, and he married again for the second time 
on August 3. 1S45. Mrs. Susan Edson Tarbox, of Ran- 
dolph, Vt. She died September 11. 1854. and for the 
third time he married, on March It, 1855, Mrs. Susan 
Elizabeth (Griggs) Lilley. of Worcester, Mass. 

By his first wife Doctor Dewey had four children, 
brief sketches of whom follow: — 

Honorable Charles Dewey, born March 27. 1826, at 
Montpelier, Vt. He was prepared for college in the 
Washington County grammar school in M()nt))elier, and 
was graduated from the rnivt'rsity of Vermont in the 
class of 1845. ImnuMliatply after leaving the university 
he was appointed assistant secretary of the Veruiout 
Mutual Fire Insui-ance Company. l)ec()niing. in .l;iiiiiary 
1850, its secretary, and served as such until IsTI • lie 
was also a directiir foi- tiiirtv vi>:n>. In .Tiinuarv ]S51 



DEWEY'S ROYAL ANCESTRY 461 

he was elected a director in the National Life Lisurance 
Company ; its vice-president twenty years later ; suc- 
ceeded his father as president of the company in June 
1877, and was still the incumbent of that office in April 




CAPT. SAMUEL W. DEWEY 



1899. Was three times chosen State senatoi- fniui his dis- 
trict, and has held many positions of trust l)y a|>point- 
ment of the (iovernor of liis State: li<> was at one time 
State Inspector of Finance and declined a reappointment. 
He has been a vestryman in Christ Church for f.-i-ty-five 



462 LIFE OF ADMIIUL DEWEY 

years, and foi- seventeen j^ears its senior warden; lay 
delegate from his oliurch to the Episcopal Diocesan Con- 
vention for over forty years, and a delegate to tlie Gen- 
eral Convention of the Episcopal Church in 1883 ; for 
forty-three years a member of the Board of Agents for 
the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Farts ; a 
trustee of the Washington County grammar school since 
1864, and president of the board of trustees since 1879 : 
a trustee of Norwich I'niversity for many years, and 
treasurer of the board of trustees. He married. May 3. 
1848, Betsey Tarbox. daughter of Lund and Susan (Ed- 
son). They celebi-ated their golden wedding at Mont- 
pelier. Vt., May 3. 1898. — two days after his distinguished 
bi'other had entered the bay of Manila. They had nine 
children, eight of whom are living. 

Edward Dewey. Captain, the second son of Doctor 
Dewey, was born at Montpelier. March 'J7. 1829 ; he 
was fitted for college, but chose to enter upon a mer- 
cantile life instead : he followed the same until 1860. 
when he was appointed assistant secretary of the Ver- 
mont Mutual Fire Insurance Company, which position he 
held until 1864, when he entered the service of the 
United States as quartermaster of the Eighth Vermont 
Volunteers ; he joined the regiment in Louisiana, and in 
July accompanied it to \'irginia. where it participated 
in the battles of Oquequau and Cedar Creek: on Feb- 
ruary 11, 1865, he was promoted to l)e captain and 
assistant quartermaster in the staff department of Ignited 
States volunteers, which position he resigned four months 
later. Upon his return home he was elected assistant 



DEWEY'S KOYAL ANCESTRY 463 

secretary of the National Life Insurance Company, and 
later was also made actuary of the same. In June 
1877 he was elected vice-president of the company, and 
continued in that office for twenty years: he has heen 
a director of the company since 18C)(); he was .elected 
a vestryman of Christ Church in 1870. and still holds 
that office. He married, August 27. iSofi. Susan Griggs 
Lillet, daughter of Gibbs and Susan Elizabeth (Griggs), 
of Worcester. Mass., and had six children. 

Admiral George Dewey, third son of Julius Yemans 
Dewey, was born Deceml)er 26. 1837. at Montpelier, Vt. 
Married. October 24. 1S67, Susie B. Goodwin, daughter 
of Governor Ichabod and Sarah Parker (Rice), and had 
one child. George Goodwin Dewey, born December 23, 
1872, at Newport, R. I. She died at Newport, December 
28, 1872. George Goodwin Dewey was graduated at St. 
Paul's School. Concord. N. H.. and at Princeton College. 
He is engaged in mercantile business in New York. 

Mary Perrin Dewey, only daughter of Dr. Julius 
Yemans and Mary Perrin, his wife, 'was born October 26, 
1839. in Montpelier. Vt. Before she was four years of age, her 
beloved mother, after an illness of eight months, was taken 
away. Her father married a second time in lS4r). and 
on the death of his second wife in 1S.")4 he married a 
third time in 1855, both of these stepmothers being most 
tender and devoted in their care of the doctor's children, 
and most estimable women withal. >\Iary was educated 
in a private school for a time, and later attended the 
Montpelier Academy. At the age of fifteen she was sent 
to a boarding school at Burlington. Vt.. and one year later 



464 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 




HON. DR. JOHN DEWEY 



was sent to St. Mary's Hall at 
Burlington, N. J., a school under 
the supervision of Bishop George 
W. Doane. She remained there 
two years, and there formed 
many friendships which still ex- 
ist. January 10. 1S()1. she be- 
came the wife of George Preston 
Greeley, of Nashua, N. H.. a young 
physician. He had been a stu- 
dent at old Norwich University, 
then at Norwich, Vt. At the age 
uf twenty he went to the East 
Indies as supercargo on a mer- 



chant vessel from Boston. 
During his absence — over a 
year — he determined upon 
his future. After he returned 
home he began the study of 
medicine, and after courses 
of lectures at Woodstock, Vt., 
at Hanover. N. H., medical 
college, and at the College 
of Physicians and Surgeons 
in New York, where lie re- 
ceived his degree, and sifter 
some service in hospital at 
Chelsea, Mass., he began liis 
work. At the time of mar- 
riage Doctor Greeley was 




PROF. MELVIL DEWEY 



DEWEY'S ROYAL ANCESTKY 



465 




settled in Hollis, N. H. In 
August of that year — IHBI 
— he was commissioned as- 
sistant surgeon of the Fourth 
New Hampshire Regiment of 
Volunteers, and with his regi- 
ment was ordered to Hilton 
Head, S. C, and thence to 
St. Augustine, Fla. After a 
few months he was made 
surgeon of the regiment. 
During the winter and spring 
of 1863, while Doctor Greeley 
was in charge of Hospital 
No. 4, at Beaufort. S. C, 
Mrs. Greeley was with him. 
At that time all was '"(juiet on the Potomac." But 
at New Orleans there was less quiet — some splendid 
action by the Navy, in which her l)rother George was 
engaged. When Surgeon (ireeley was ordered to Folly 
Island with his regiment, his wife returned to her home in 
the North. Doctor Greeley was at home on sick leave 
during several months of the summer of 1868. \\ lieu 
he returned it was to see hard service in the Army of 
the James, before Petersl)ui-g, and at other places. His 
brother-in-law. then Lieutenant George Dewey, servi^l on 
the gunboat Af/airani of the North Atlantic squadron, 
and they met several times at and near City Point dur- 
ing the summer of 1864. When the Fourth New Hamp- 
shire Regiment was musteivd out of the .service. Doctor 



HIRAM TODD DEWEY 



466 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 




A. M. DEWEY 



(xreeley was commissioned 
surgeon of the Ninth Regi- 
ment of United States Vet- 
eran Volunteers. His wife 
was with him while on duty 
as medical examiner of re- 
cruits at Elmira and Lock- 
port, N. Y. Afterward, when 
he was stationed at Indian- 
apolis. Ind.. Mrs. Greeley was 
with him during the winter 
of ISG-J. and until he was 
mustered out of the service 
in June 1S66. the war lieiug 
ended. After journeying 

westward to St. Louis and beyond, they returned to the 

East. After a winter in New 

York city, spent in visiting hos- 
pitals and in study. Doctor Gi"ee- 

ley finally located in Boston. 

Mass. Their home was there 

for many years. Later they 

lived in Nashua. N. H.. where 

(as in I?(»ston) Doctor Greeley 

was engaged in the practice of 

his profession. He was especially 

fond of surgery. In 1883 they 

went to Florida for the winter. 

Doctor Gi'eeley bought land, and 

became interested in orange and rev. sanger dewey 




DEWEY'S PvOYAL ANCERTKY 



4r, 



lemon culture. The j^reater part of every succeeding year 
they were in St. Augustine and Duke. Fla., where Doctor 
Greeley died Deceml)er eC), 1S<)-J. Since the death of her 
husband Mrs. Greeley has made her home near her own 
people in her native village of Montpelier. Vt. 

William Tarbox Dewey, Lieutenant, son of the Honor- 
able Charles and grandson of Dr. Julius Yenuins Dewey, 
was born September SO. 1S52, at Montpelier. Vt.: he be- 
gan work as an assistant to the secretary of the \'ermont 
Mutual J'ire Insurance Company, August 1, 1S70: was 
elected a director of the company in Octol)er 18S-J. uiid 
was chosen treasurer of the .same. May 7. Isill. wliicli 
position he still held in IS'.)'.). He enlisted as private in 
Vermont National Guards. C!ompany H, First Regiment, 
September 28, ISSO, and resigned as first lieutenant in ISSli; 
he served his village as trustee in 1SS6 and 1SS7 : was a mem- 
ber of the Volunteer Fire Depart- 
ment for seventeen years, and 
at one time president of his 
company ; also treasurer of the 
Society for the Propagation of 
the Gosi^el in Foreign Parts ; he 
has spent much time and money 
in searching and compiling rec- 
ords of the Dewey family in 
America, and was one of th(> 
Admiral's immediate family who 
greatly assisted the aiitlmr in 
the preparation of this work. 
He married. November '.). bssi. judge francis h dewey 




468 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 




ALBERT G. DEWEY 



Alice Elmore French, daughter 
of James Gale and Orlantlia 
((ioldsl)ury), and had three chil- 
dren, two of whom were li\ing 
at home in Montpelier in 18'J1J. 
Theodore Uibbs Dewp;y, Lieu- 
tenant, son of Captain Edward 
and grandson of Dr. Julius Ye- 
inans Dewey, was born Febru- 
ary 10. LS59 ; graduated from 
the Annapolis Naval Academy 
as cadet midshipman in June 
1880 ; reported on bf)ard the 
United States flagship IticlniioHd 
on the Asiatic station September (>. 1880, and remained 
on licr till ^lay lSS-2. when he was ordered home for ex- 
amination for |ii(ini()tion. Appointed midshipman June 
22, 1882. and on October 25 was ordered to the I'nited 
States Steamshiii M'dhasli ; joined the Kntrsargc, North 
Atlantic squadron. Deceml)er 11. 1882; commissioned as 
ensign (junior grade) March 3. 1888; detached from the 
Kearsaiyc June 17 of the same year, and ordered to duty 
in the United States coast survey; while on this duty 
was attached to the schooner Sfi/hiinn. surveying in Long 
Island Sound ; coiutnanded the sloo]) Sfiai/fosf. surveying 
on the east coast of Florida, and on the steamer I'lif/rr- 
soii, surveying in southeastern Alaska ; commissioned as 
ensign in June 1884; joined the I'nited States Steam- 
ship Tlu-lis in New "^'ork in January 1SS7. and went to 
Alaska on special duty, cruising in Bering Sea and the 



DEWEY'S ROYAL ANCESTRY 




GOV, NELSON DEWEY 



Arctic Oceau. While attached to 
the TJii'tis, the whaling schooner 
Jdi/c ('I'liij was found Hoating on 
her beam ends in the ice to the 
eastward of Point Barrow, where 
she had been abandoned by her 
crew. After she had been raised 
and temporarily repaired, he took 
her with a crew of seven men 
and proceeded to the Mare 
Island Navy Yard, where she 
was turned over to her owner. 
Ensign Dewey was detached from 
the Thrtis in February ISNU and 
was on duty at the office of Naval Intelligence and the 
receiving ship IiK/i'jH'in/nici' from April ISS'.) to April [sill, 
when he was ordered to the flagship CIi'kikio. North At- 
lantic station. December I. 1891. and while attached to 
this vessel was at La (iuayra during the revolution in 
Venezuela, and lay at Montevideo with the other vessels 
(tf the squadron pending the settlement of the tlm>atened 
war with Chili. He proceeded to Europe when the ('lilc<i</o 
became the flagship on that station, and on Septenilier 
■27, 1S93. was promoted to lieutenant (junior gradcl: in 
January 1S1)4 was transferred to the liriniimilnii. which 
was ordered to the Pacific via the Straits of Magellan. 
going to Salvador to protect American interests during 
the revolution in that republic. He was detached from tiie 
JiciniiiH/fuii in November of the same y(>ar. and ordered to 
the oflice of Naval War l.'ecords. remaining on that duly 



470 



LIFK OF ADMIRAL DEWKV 




JAMES B. DEWEY 



till June lsy(), when he was 
ordered to the United States 
steamship Ma.'i.sacli Hsfifs ; while on 
this vessel he participated in the 
various boinbardment!> of Santi- 
ago. He convoyed the army under 
General Miles from Santiaj^o 
to Porto Rico, and co-operated 
at the taking of Guanica and 
Ponce; promoted to lieutenant 
in June 1897. He married, Feb- 
ruary 6, 1889, Maria Gillis Brad- 
ley, of San Francisco, Cal., and 
had two children. 
All of the foregoing Deweys are members of the 
branch and line of Admiral George Dewey. There are 
other members of the family of Dewey, however, who 
have achieved fame and fortune iu the field of military 
and commercial endeavor, as well as in the arena of 
theology, journalism, and politics. The mention of a 
few of them will suftice to show that the Deweys have 
ever held a high place in the affairs of State and Na- 
tion. 

Captain Elijah Dewey, of Vermont, son of the Rev- 
erend Jedediah Dewey, the "fighting parson," a Revolu- 
tionary soldier of note. 

Honorable Daniel Dewey, second. Member of Congress 
from Massachusetts early in tliis century, member of 
Governor's Council. Justice of the Supreme Court, and 
one of the liest-kiiown men in his State. 



DEWEY'S ROYAL ANCESTRY 



471 




ADDICE E. DEWEY 



Captain Samuel W. Dewey, of 
Philadelphia, famous as the man 
who sawed the tigurehead of 
Jackson from the prow of ship 
Consfifiifidii as she lay at anchor 
in Boston harlior. He died in 
Philadelphia, June 10, ISDI). 

General Joel A. Dewey, of 
Tennessee, eminent as a soldier, 
lawyer, and jurist. 

Major Israel Otis Dewey, of 
Vermont, an oflBcer in the 
Regular Army of the United 
States. 

Governor Nelson Dewey, of Wisconsin, the first elected 
governor of that Commonwealth. 

Judge Almon Ralph Dewey, of Iowa, prominent in 
that State as a jurist and lawyer, and conspicuous in 
Masonic circles. 

Reverend Willis C. Dewey, of Illinois, a missionary to 
Turkey. 

Honorable Albert Gallatin Dewey, of Vennont. a 
manufacturer and merchant. 

Professor Melvil Dewey, of New York. Secretary of 
the State Board of Regents and Director of the I'ni- 
versity of New York. 

Honorable Hiram Dewey, of nortliern N(nv York, a 
pioneer in that section, a man of extnionlinary energy, 
and one of the founders of the Watertown Fire Insur- 
ance Company. 



472 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 




REV. WILLIS C. DEWEY 



Hiram Todd Dewey, of New 
York city, the pioneer wine 
producer in America. 

Chauncey Dewey, of Ohio, a 
lawyer, and the personal friend of 
President Lincoln and Secretary 
Stanton. 

Orville C. Dewey, of West 
\'ii'>iinia. iron manufacturer. 

Honoral)le Dr. .John Dewey, 
of Vermont, conspicuous as a 
doctor of both law and medi- 
cine, and as a legislator in both 
branches of his State government. 
Reverend Dr. Orville Dewey, and the Reverend Dr. 
Chester Dewey, both eminent and well-kimwii Doctors of 
Divinity. 

Judge Francis H. Dewey, of 
^lassachusetts, a jurist of marked 
ability. 

Alfred Timothy Dewey, of 
California, one of the best-known 
men on the Pacific coast. 

i'ldf. -biuies 1{. Dewey, A. B.. 
A.M.. .M.I>., of Cliicago, eminent 
scholar and teacher. 

Rev. Sanger Dewey, for moi-c 
than fifty years an active 
preacher in the M. E. Chim-li 
in northern Now Yfn-k. courtland a. dewey 




DEWEY'S ROYAL ANCESTRY 



473 



Captain John W. Dewey, a classmate of (ieorge L)e\vey 
at the Norwich Academy, and a distinguished officier in 
the military arm of the (lovernment service. 

Professor John Dewey, of the University of Chicago. 

Louis Marinus Dew'ey, of Massachusetts, compiler of 
the family history and genealogy. 

Many others of the Dewey family have been equally 
prominent in the conduct of public affairs as those here 
mentioned. 




U-,'L ''■::^''k^^ 







___,M.iUA 



CHAPTER XVI 
7/y£ BATTLE IN TERSE AND SONG 

SOME SELECTED POEMS ON GEORGE DEWEY AND THE VICTORY 
OF MANILA BAY-CONTRIBUTIONS BY LIEUTENANT-COM- 
MANDER REES, MR. GEORGE CORONWAY, COLONEL ARCH- 
IBALD HOPKINS, AND OTHERS 



THE BATTLE OF MANILA BAY* 

T BREAK (if (lawn Manila Bay 
A sheet of liiii]>itl water lav. 
Extendinij twenty miles away. 

Twenty miles from shore to shore. 
As creeping on a squadron bore. 
As sfjuadron never moved before. 

Majestic in its hidden miijht, 
It passed Correijidor at nisjht. 
Insjiired to battle for the rijjlit. 

And grandly on the FlajTship led. 
Six ships O/i/iiipifi eer ahead 
With battle flaos at eaeh masthead. 



■ 1 


^ 


^^^I^^Hw' H ^^r 


Ml 


^^HUp^^y- y i 


ml 


^^^H^ '4? > ' *1fflKll\^i' 




■p^- jJSB^^ 


; 









•Written on board the Flagship Olympia after the Battle of Manila by Lieutenant- 
Commander Corwin P. Kees. 
(474) 



THE BATTLE IN VERSE AND SON(i 475 

The Sdlthiinn ;ui<l Ihili'njli true. 
The PitnJ. B'lxtoii. Cuiirm-iJ too. 
Their flails of ijlory proudly Hew. 

As early clavli^-ht lirokc upon 

The bay — before the rise of sun — 

Was seen the flash of opening gun I 

Then every second heard the mar 
Of shell and shrapnel bursting o'er 
Our l:)rave, undaunted Commodore ! 

••Hold our fire!"" he calmly said. 
As from the liridge he bravely led 
To death or glory on ahead ! 

And from his lips or from his liand 

But one direction, one command, 

•• Follow the Flagship by the Land." 

Full twenty minutes slowly crept 
'Ere lightning from our turrets leapt. 
And pent-u]> hell no longer slept 1 

The Spanish fleet, a dozen strong. 
"Was now in range, and haughty wrong 
Was swept by awful Are along. 

Explosions wild destruction brouo'lit 
Mid flames that mighty havoc wi-ouyht. 
As either side in fury fought. 

So back and forth, in angry might. 

The stars and stripes waved on the light. 

Mid bursting shells in deadly llight ! 

The Spanish decks with dead were strewn. 
Their guns on shore were silenced soon. 
Their flags were down crc flush of noon. 



476 LIFE OF AD.MIKAL DEW KY 

'riieir ships, their batteries on the shore 
^Vere jrone. to fiijht airain no more — 
Their loss, a thousand men or more I 

Dawned on the fleet that Dewey led 
A miracle, while S))aniards bled : 
For im our side was not one dead I 

Thf liattle of Manila Bay 

From mind shall never pass away 

Nor deeds of glory wrought that day; 

For mid that battle's awful roar 
The Sjianish yiride. to rise no more. 
Was humbled bv our Connnodnre. 



THE BATTLE OF MANILA- 

TWAS on the first of May 
When Dewey led the way 
Into Manila Bay, 
And faced the foe ; 
Our hero was aware 
( )f all the jierils there — 
But what did Dewey care, 
Wlien told to go? 

'Tis now the di-ad of iiii^ht. 
There's not a star in sight. 
( )ur ships bear not a light 

On either side : 
The waves roll gently by. 
The breezes gently sigh 
.\ peaceful lullaby 

Unto the tide. 



•This poem was written for "The Life of Admiral Dewey" by Mr. George Coronway, 
of Willceslmrre, Fa. 



THE BATTLE TN VERSE AND SONG 477 

Each SfMiiuin liolds bis l)ri-atli. 
And all is calm as death — 
Save that now travaileth 

The lahorintj screw ; 
"Tis God alone doth know 
What fancies straiiije do wrow, 
What visions come and go 

Now 'moncr the crew. 



But, hark ! that loud report — 
It conies toward our jiort 
They're tiring from tlie furt — 

They've seen our sjiarks I 
Their challenge we defied. 
And quickly we rejilied — 
A volley from our side 

Soon stopped their barks. 



With boldness nigh divine. 
On steamed our gallant line — 
Defying fort and miiu' — 

Heroically ; 
At last they reached the l)ay. 
Our colors flying gay, 
All ready for the fray — 

To win or die. 



The Si)aniards' blood ran cold. 
Their wrath they could rioi hold. 
To see the Yankee bold 

So early there : 
Ere rose the morning sun 
Tlie l)atth' had liciriin. 
When loud the foeman's i^-un 

Rang through the air. 



478 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

Tlieii Dewey, ever brave — 
Our champion of the wave — 
The well-known signal gave : 

"Avenge the JIaiiie /'' 
Aloud from many a lung 
The fiery signal rung — 
While proud Olytiipui flung 

Death into Spain. 



Again our vessels cheered — 

Majestic they appeared, 

As to the front they steered, 

AVith warlike sway. 
And, heedless of the mine 
That lay beneath the brine, 
Swept by the Spanish line 

And Cavity. 



Terrific was the fight, 
Appalling was the sight — 
Each side, with main and might. 

Fought brave and well ; 
Our squadron's mighty guns. 
Manned bv our gallant sons. 
Belched forth their ready tons 

Of shot and shell. 



The flaijfship of the foe 

AVas shattered 'neath the blow. 

Her captain was laid low: 

Her fatal deck. 
Alas ! was covered o'er 
Witli dead men l)y the score - 
She sank to rise no more. 

A mortal wreck. 



THE BATTLE IN VERSE AND SONC 471) 

Fniin liirlxiiircl ami from port. 
We sent, with Icnul re|i(irt, 
A death note to each fort 

And ship of Spain ; 
The enemy was crushed, 
His every o-un was hnslied — 
Our tars witli viotnrv Huslied, 

Loud cheered ayain. 



We never lost a son, 
A vessel, or a jjfun — 
The figlit was nobly won — 

Lonir live the brave 1 
Our Stars and Strijies to-day 
Are flyinir. proud and i^ay, 
Above Manila Bay — 

Lon£r may it wave ! 



Hail Dewey, bold and true. 
Hail all his captains, too — 
And don't forget the crew — 

Loud hail them all ! 
Have pity for the brave. 
AVho sleep beneath the wave. 
Within their ocean grave - 

God rest their souls. 



Do Thou. O Lord of Hosts, 
Guard us from idle boasts. 

And fancies \aiii : 
Soon may this t(;m]iest cease, 
And mav tlie day of peace 

Return airain. 



I 



480 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



F 



A PROPHETIC SONG* 

11,1. all your ylasses full to-nii^ht. 
Till" wind is (iff tin' shore ; 

And be it feast or be it fight, 
We pledge the Commodore. 



TliroULrli (lavs of storm, through days of calm. 

On l)oard Pacific seas, 
At anchor off the Isles of Palm, 

Or witii the .lajiauese. 

Ashore, afloat, on deck, l)elow. 

Or where our bulldogs roar, 
To back a friend, or breast a foe, 

We iiledge the Connnodore. 

We know our honor'll be unstained. 

Where'er his pennant flies. 
Our rights respected and maintained, 

Whatever power defies. 

Anil when he takes the homeward tack. 

An Admirals banner won. 
We'll hail the day that brings him back. 

And laud the duty done, 

Aliinir the far l'hili]ipine coast. 

Where flew the Hag of Sjuiin. 
Our Admiral to-day can boast, 

" "Twill never fly again. '" + 

•Commodore Dewey was sent to the .\siatle station in Novemtier 1S97. at his own 
request. His companions at the Metrojiolitan Club in WashinKton gave him a rousinc 
send-ofT at a twnquet. where this song was .sung. It was written liy Colonel Archibald 
Hopkins, clerk of the Court of Claims. 

+ This last stanza was added l)y Colonel Hopkins after the Battle of Manila. 



THE BATTLE IX VERSE AND S()X(; 481 

THE MIKACLE OF MANILA 

INSCEIIJED TO AD.MIHAL (;^:OR(iE DEWKV, HV T. S. V. 

FAi;, far away, ^[anila Bay 
Lay (Ireaniiiiij in tlie eviMiino- sun ; 
No shatteretl deck, no ruin, im wrn'k. 

To mark wliere treachery's ilecil was done. 

The isles were still : they feared no ill. 

And lower sank the dyiiiif day. 
While from the fort, dark on the port. 

The cjreat ifuus frowned their solemn sway. 

And 'neatli their lips |iri)ud Sjiain's fair siiips 

Secure at anchor idly swuni;- ; 
And eyery hulk a double bulk 

Of shadow o'er the water flung. 

And slower, slow, and dee[)er. low. 

The rim of day sank in the sea; 
Cayite grim frowned e'en on him 

And proudly frowned Spain's chiyalry. 

Then in the sky. soft eyerv eye. 

Of eyerv star peeped on that l>av : 
And. drooping, sa^v Spain's colors dra\y 

Around the staff in idle way. 

And now the noon of nii,dit : tlie moon 

Swinys hiyli aI)oye Manila 15ay — 
And April's Meet r»'ti-eating feet 

Turn back to kiss the brow of May. 

One long, last kiss, a yan(iuished bliss. 

The maid May-crowned with Mowers stood ; 
Her form so slieiit the cloak of night 

Enwrapped, and on her head the hood. 



482 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

And as she wazed far o'er tlie ways 
That lead into the salty di'cp. 

Six sliips she saw close, closer draw. 
Six shadow ships still closer creep. 

Siiain's sentries pace accustomed place, 
And o^aze upon the moonlit sea. 

But golden haze and distance's maze 
Have wrapped the six in mystery. 

But hush ! but hark I one little spark 
Looked up and saw a star to love, 

And. leaping, sprung to where it hung 
High in the jeweled sky above. 

Red, red it burned ; Spain's watch discerned 
The amorous spark burn through the night; 

Corresridor gave i)Ut a roar 

And tremulous shook each star in fright. 

But unconcerned, e'en thouirh discerned, 
The black hulks move beneath the stars, 

And high in air the May moon fair 

Sees living there our stars and bars. 

And statelv. slow, they onward go. 

These dauntless ships unheeding aught 
Before, about, the deeji mines shout. 

Till all the air with waves is fraught. 

M'hat care these braves for mines or waves? 

They scorn the hidden traps of Spain, 
For yonder flies in Spanish skies 

A rag they will not let remain. 

In thunderous phrase Spain's cannon brays 
M'here stands Cavite dark and irrim. 

AVhile far away they softly play 

The Sabbath bells their Sabbath livmn. 



THE BATTLE IN VEl.'SE AND SONG 4S3 

ThouiJ-h round them fall hot shell and ball, 
Thouifh rounil tlie iimving ships so o'ay. 

Still unconcerned they never turned. 

The bells were callino- — thev would iiray. 

Sweet Sabbath bells with sink and swells, 
'Tis freedom's banner that vou tjreet ! 

The cannons roar, their curses pour 

Sweet Sabbath bells on freedom's fleet. 

And now the .May has cast away 

The hood and mantle of the ni^ht, 
And mornin£f"s a;race pours on her face 

A rosy hue, a ijolden liijlit. 

She saw the stars and beaming bars 

Hifrh waving as they onward came, 
Saw freedom's men that fearless then 

Stood waiting for the battle game. 

Then one brave throat gave out a note 

"Remember, boys, the Hfithii !" the cry; 

And o'er the waves five hundred braves 
"Remember, boys, the Jfin'm .'" reply. 

Then from the ships of Sjiain tlie lijis 
Of brazen guns boomed answer back, 

And shot and shell with liissing yell 
Fell splashing in their wavy track. 

And then they wheeled ; their nerves were steeled. 
Those dauntless hearts, those freemen brave, 

While o'er them high the signals lly 

That bid them do the tliiui;- they crave. 

Then, then thev make their guns that spoke 

In roariui;- bursts of shot and shell : 
An iron hail beat ileck and nuul 

Till battered Spain all broken fell. 



4S4 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DKWEY 

Down, down it jtoured and louder roared 
Each leapinir iJ'nn on every det-k, 

Throui^h cloiuls of smoke, red splashes l)r(ike. 
Belched from each biif ifuns bi-azeii lieck. 

E'en as a grouji of chargfers stoop 
To nibble i^rass and break away. 

Then wlieelinij round, back to tiie i^round 
Return to feast and play and iieiyh. 

So U[) and down, and l)ack and mund 
Our boiuiie ships moved in the fray; 

Each ball they sent on ruin bent, 

The hopes of Spain made lower lav. 

Six times they passed, six ships enmassed. 

Poured shot and shell on S]iain"s proud Heet, 
Till one by one was hushed eaeli ^iin 

And fell each o-unner from his feet. 

Tlie decks a flood of human blood. 

The blood the Spaniards i^ave so well ; 
Still loud they roared our £juns and poured 

A hurricane of shot and shell. 

Then ruin came with fire and Hanie, 
Disaster, death, destruction, all. 

Tlie bloated pride of Castile died. 

Pierced by a freeman's cannon ball ! 

Down, down, they sank, their siiips. and drank 
The bloody waters of the bay. 

Till not a ship was left to dip 
Its colors to our flao' that day. 

Oh, Spain! Oh. .^jiain ! where now remain 

Your vaunted strenuth. your boasted power? 

Not e'en a boat is left afloat 

To bear your lianner in this hour. 



THE BATTLE IN VEKSE AND SONG 



485 



And louk ! behold ! Cavite bdld 

Flings out the white flair tci the breeze. 
While bright and fair aiul lii^li in air 

The Stars and Stripes nuw float at ease. 

Ah. me ! Ah. me ! deep in the sea, 
How many broken forms now lie ! 

Thy sailors, Sjiaiii, beneath the main, 
Their curses on thee ever ery. 

Our muster roll shows every sold 

Still hale and hearty on the deck ; 

Not one. not one. sunk bv a i^iin. 

And not a ship redueetl to wreck ! 

I did not think proud Spain should drink 
So deep the dregs of bitterness. 

But then — ah. then! — both God and men 
Ivecalled tlje Mdiiir and our distress. 

Thrice honored be that Ihto. lie 

Who sailed the night so daring free. 

Who struck the bh)W, struck Spain so low. 
Brave Dewey lives immortally ! 

On ( lio's page recording sage 

Has never penned a deed so grand ; 

The deed was thine; the theme is iriine ; 
Tie flair is safe in Dewey's hand. 




Scotland Irelatxd 



Suicdcn 




Ounctvou 



CHAPTER XVII 
ANECDOTES OF THE ADMIRAL 

CLAIMED BY SEVEN NATIONS— HE OBEYED ORDERS- " SMARTER 
THAN CHAIN LIGHTNING "- FALSEHOOD THE UNPARDON- 
ABLE SLN 

ANY are the anecdotes which have 
been told of Admiral George 
Dewey since the battle in the 
harbor of Cavite. Some of them 
are instructive, while more may 
be said to be amusing, but all 
are interesting. We give space 
to a few of general interest. 

The efforts to trace George 
Dewey's ancestry to nearly every 

nation on earth have been both amusing and ridiculous. 

The following symposium as to the Admiral's nationality 

appeared soon after the Buttle of Manila in a Chicago 

newspaper: — 

AS A SCOTCHMAN 

Far l)e it from me as a Scotchinaii to embroil myself 
in the controversy as to Admiial I'cwey's nationality. 

(486) 




inhere JUnurol'pureij aft? to be imprtsoueiJ. 



ANECDOTES OF THE ADMIRAL 487 

Indeed, it would l)e foolish of me to go to an.v such lengths, 
knowing full well as T do that he is of the purest Scotch 
blood, such as was Paul Jones. The Dewars and Deweys, 
thongh the latter branch never had anything to do with 
the distillery business, are of the same family. Dewey's 
forefathers came to wander into Vermont after the Battle 
of Queliec. in which our Scotch troops lost their heads 
when the British officers stopped the bagpipes from ]>lay- 
ing the piln'ochs all were accustomed to hear in high- 
land warfare. I think you will tind on in^■estigation 
that Dewey had a set of bagpipes playing close by 
him when he whipped the Spaniards. 

G. R. Macauley. 

IRISHMAN 

It is shameful the way the foreign countries are try- 
ing to rob Ireland of the glory and fame of Dewey. .\s 
the Admiral does not deny that he is of Irish blood, it 
ought to 1)6 proof enough that his forefathers did not 
steal their good old Irish name. Indeed, the Deweys were 
so valiant and numerous at one time during the defen.se 
of King James's crown that they almost constituted 
a clan, and they were all made of the sternest fighting 
stuff. 

A great many of the earlier Irish immigi-ants of the 
century drifted into Vermont, and the hraucii of the Dew- 
eys whence the Admiral springs was among them. Vei-y 
early in life he expressed a preference foi' the nnval 
calling rather than politics, and that is why he 
became a hero instead of a statesman. tli(> fate of so 
many of us. ^^I- ^- <>"N"i':'i- 



488 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWFY 

SWEDE 

We of Swedish origin, who take a natural pride in the 
great deeds of our couiitrynien. have investigated the sub- 
ject of Admiral Dewey's birth since he destroyed the 
Spanish fleet at Manila, and have proved beyond a doubt 
that he is descended in direct line from the ^'ikings. His 
ancestors were thoroughbred Swedish sea tighters. and 
once upon a time had their home in Smoland. a province 
of Sweden. As near as we can tind out. Dewey's imme- 
diate ancestors came to the United States in the i)resent 
century and had the legislature of Vermont change their 
name, for convenience, from Dewjansen to Dewey. They 
left the seafaring business and took up the plow, but even 
the life and training of the farm could not suppress the 
Swedish genius for great deeds on the sea. which the 
youngest of the celebrated Dewjansens inherited. 

C. M. BiNJENSTERN. 
GERMAN 

May T trouble you to print some news I find before 
me in the Darmstadter Tagblatt of recent date ? It states 
that Admii-al Dewey, the conqueror of Manila, is German, 
and. like the distinguished Henry Villard. still has rela- 
tives on the Rhine. Some of his relatives on tlie mater- 
nal side, tlie Von (ieigers. live in poor circumstances in 
the suburbs of Darmstadt, and an aged cousin on his 
father's side is a poor country gate-keeper on the Ba- 
dische railroad. No doubt can exist as to the Deweys' 
descent, from the fact that his great-great-grandfather 
was one of the Hessian mercenaries employed by King 
George to suppress the American Revolution. The family 



ANECDOTES OF THE ADMIRAL 489 

name, which is still preserved bv Dewey's reinaiiiiii-' 
cousin, though remote, is spelled Duwi*,'. and is l)y no 
means uncommon in Hesse-Darmstadt. 

1 1 . \'o.\ Eppstein. 

FRENCHMAN 

I want to say a word about this dispute as to what 
nation may claim the honor of having given to history 
the grand and illustrious Admiral Dewey. Do not be sur- 
prised when I inform you that he is French. His family 
name is Douett, pronounced Doo-ay, and what would l)e 
more natural than this change to Doo-ey, as you Ameri- 
cans pronounce it now ? Admiral Douett's great-great- 
grandfather was an officer under Lafayette and conducted 
himself bravely throughout the war for American inde- 
pendence, marrying afterward in New York a French gov- 
erness of noble blood who tied from the Revolution. 
When they settled in Vermont they really thought they 
were taking up their home in French Canada, so it is by 
the merest chance, and not from clioicc*. that Athiiiral 
Douett is an officer in the American Navy, instead of 
that of his native land. J. Ij. 1\1au<'V. 

ITALIAN 

As it is about time that the Italians should chiiui the 
honor which they know to be theirs in the nationality of 
Admiral Dewey, I have ventured to bring the interesting 
fact to your attention that he is in blood a ti'ia> son of 
the Adriatic. We hnd. alter patient researcii. that his 
great-great-grandfather was Raphael Angelo Di \\i.the Hr.st 
enterprising Italian musician to In-ave the horroi-s of tlie 
Atlantic for the purpose of introducing the luovablo organ 



490 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

to this country. Raphael Di Wi was a man of fine cour- 
age and intrepid ancestry. 

No doubt it is the character of the old fisherman fore- 
father we find reflected in the Admiral. Shortly after 
Raphael Di Wi had arrived in Boston he met a beautiful 
young countrywoman who was engaged in selling "objets 
d'art" done in chalk, and they were married, thus found- 
ing the Di Wi stock. E. G. Candiani. 

RUSSIAN 

It is time that the truth should be told about the gen- 
ealogy of Admiral Dewey. He is not of Irish, or Scotch, 
or Scandinavian descent, as has been asserted so often. 
He is in reality of Russian blood and comes from a dis- 
tinguished line of sea fighters who antedated Peter the 
Great in water warfare. One of Dewey's ancestors, who 
spelled his name Dhjuhjii. was attached to the staff of 
the American admiral. Paul Jones, while the latter served 
Catharine of Russia, and. in their intercourse, came to 
have such a high regard for the United States that he 
retired in time from the Russian navy and settled down 
as a farmer in X'ermont. Thus did Russia confer this 

great man upon the United States. 

P. I. Oblevitsky. 

The San Francisco Examiner is authority for the fol- 
lowing amusing anecdote of the time when Admiral 
Dewey was executive officer of the Cnlonido. W. W. 
Stone, who was ship's writer on board the cruiser ( 'alu- 
nulo when Dewey and Watson were lieutenant-commanders 
on that vessel, can tell many stories about those two 
celebrities. Admiral (loldsborouifh was in command of 



ANECDOTES OF THE ADMIRAL 4'.»1 

the Colontdii. His valet. John, who at one time was 
President Lincoln's servant, was a witty but l)un(jlinfi 
Irishman. Stone's best story centres around this (|ii;iint 
character. 

One morning Admiral (loldsboron^di sent down word 
to John that he wanted his glass, meaning, of course, 
his spyglass. John, as usual, however, misunderstood, and 
came tramping up the l»ridge with a goldet in his hand. 

"John, you're the devil's own valet," growled the ad- 
miral when he saw him coming. 

"Faith, sor, I didn't think I'd come to that when I 
tuk service wid ye. sor." 

" Throw^ that blamed goblet overboard and go and 
get my spyglass, as I told you. you internal idiot!" 

"Yes. sor." said John, calmly tossing the glass over 
the side, and in doing so narrowly escaped dashing it 
upon the upturned face of our executive ofticer. Lieuten- 
ant-Commander George Dewey. Mr. Dewey was on a 
tour of inspection, circling the frigate in one of the 
cutters. The <'i)/nni(Iii had just arrived from 'i'rieste. The 
passage down the Adriatic Sea had been a stormy one, 
and the painstaking executive ofticer of the vessel wanted 
to see for himself how the old ship looked aftrr her battle 
with the waves. 

It was a lovely spring Sunday morning. We liad 
dropped anchor in the Iteautiful bay of Naples, and I 
had crept up into the mizzentop to drink in with Imyish 
zest the delights of our gloi-ious surroundings. ( »IT our 
beams lay Lschia and Capri, standing like stern Roman 
sentinels on guard, at the horns of the bay. Ahead lay 



4i)2 LIFE OF ADMIUAL DEWEY 

the Campanile. From its centre rises old Vesuvius, from 
whose grim apex 1 could see floating upward a hazy 
wreath, significant of the unrest beneath. I watched the 
old admiral witli a great deal of interest. Had I been 
a kodak fiend 1 should then and there have forfeited 
my appointment by taking a snap shot at the irate offi- 
cer as he glared at the sleek, unconcerned menial. 

"Go below, you blundering Irishman, before I have 
you tossed over after the glass." The man disappeared 
with just the suspicion of a smirk on his innocent look- 
ing face. 

■"Mr. Dew^ey Avould like to have you find out. sir, 
who is heaving crockery over the side of the shiii, sir." 
This came from one of the crew of the cutter. He 
had come up with the order and spoke to Tiieutenant- 
Commander John Crittenden Watson, at the time officer 
of the deck. The admiral overheard the message of the 
angry executive and laughed quietly. 

•"Tell Mr. Kewey that it was the admiral, my man." 
said he soberly; then, turning to Mr. "Watson he re- 
marked. "He can't very well put the admii'al in the 
brig, though I may deserve it." 

"He may look around for a substitute. Admiral." an- 
swered Mr. Watson, smiling. 

"Oh. no: Dewey has too keen a sense of justice for 
that. Besides. I rememi)er his saying once that he had 
no use for siil)stitutes." 

.\ few moments after this Mr. Dewey himself came 
over the starboard gangway, .saluting the admiral with 
rather a haughty air. You see. a l(l-pouiider may spin 



ANECDOTES OF THE ADMIRAL 4!)3 

merrily past a fellow's head aboard a man-of-war and serve 
merely as a hook on which to hang the old-time jest 
about a "miss being as good as a mile." l)nt when a phiin 
matter-of-fact, plebeian tnmbler shoots past you. conti-iii-y 
to the articles of war and in diri'ct violation of estab- 
lished naval etiquette, the circumstance that you have es- 
caped mutilation is only an excrescence alongside of the 
glaring fact that your dignity has been violently assaulted. 

The admiral looked down and took in the situation. 
Descending to the quarter-deck, he api)roached Dewey and 
said with a friendly air, - 1 say, Dewey, did you ever read 
' Handy Andy ' ? " 

'"Yes, sir.'' rather shortly. 

"Well. itow. I must have his cousin al)oard." And the 
admiral related the glass incident. The two laughed over 
the blunder, Mr. Dewey having recovered his usual good 
nature ))y this time. 

'•You see. Dewey. I have a sort of interest in the fel- 
low. The secretary recommended him tn me as a good, 
faithful serving-man. He had been attached to Mr. 
Lincoln as his personal attendant, and I took the scamp 
partly on that account. Ah. here he comes at last with 
my glass ! John, did Mr. Lincoln ever score you for your 
awkwardness ? " 

"No. sor. he nivir did. Many's the time ht> tould me 
that it wor a mercy that we were tegither. because, said 
he, his mind wor taken oif affairs of state l)y tliinkin" 
did he wurruk harder tellin' me how to do things than if 
he wint and did them Inmself.' 

"Doubtless, doubtless." said the admiral, laugliiiig. 



494 LIFE OF AD.MIKAL DEWEY 

"I want you to renieinlier. John." said ]\Ir. Dewey 
severely, " that it is strictly against the rules of this ship 
to throw anything over the sides. You came very near 
striking me iu the head with your glass-tossing." 

'•That wor a pity, sor." 

"A pity!" exclaimed Dewey savagely. ''By Jim, Fd 
have come up and had you strung up at the mainyard 
arm like a dog." 

" No, sor, axiu' yer pardon, I hope not." 

•'What's that ?" roared the future admiral angrily. 

"Throth, sor, d'ye mind the mornin' tellin' me that ye 
wor to do the thinkin" and 1 wor to obey orders, even if 
I bruk owners ? "' 

The two laughed heartily at this hit. and John went 
below with flying colors. 

•"Dewey was always a good man to the men forward." 
says an officer in the Navy who has been associated with 
the Admiral on several of his cruises. As a commanding 
officer he was intolerant only of a liar. This sin he could 
not overlook. For the liberty breakers, the fo'c's'le 
scrappers, over-night drunks, and other petty offenders 
aboard the ships under his command, he has always had 
an exceedingly unobserving eye, and he has been noted for 
some difficulty he has had with his hearing apparatus 
when such offenders have been reported to him in the 
course of duty. 

"Give him a show. He'll he good now. T guess," is a 
remark Dewey used often to make. when, as a ship com- 
mander, he had to receive the necessary reports of deck 
officers about tlie little lireaks made h\ men forward. 



ANECDOTES OF THE AD.A1IRAL 4!):. 

But he was a terror in his handling of a liar. A blue- 
jacket who could stand at the mast before him and try 
to give him a oock-and-lmll story instead of coming right 
out and owning up to his delinquency was in for trouble, 
and a whole heap of it. As a commander he liked iind 
demanded candor. No other game went with him." 

"Dewey is a man with big, piercing eyes," says a mes- 
senger in the Navy Department, who once made a cruise 
with the Admiral, "tie is what 1 would call a little 
fellow as to height, but he surely looked bigger'u a Dutch 
frigate when he stood on his side of the mast and you 
were up in front of him. But he was a tender-hearted 
man on the cruise when he and 1 were shii)mates. He 
would try not to see or hear things that he did not want 
to see or hear. None of us knew him ' up forward,' I mean 
as a commander. Some of us h;ul l»een shipmates with 
him when he was a deck officer, and had never got the 
worst of it at his hands. But we weren't sure how he'd 
stack up as a skipper. We weren't long in finding out. 
We had to sailorize all right, but there wasn't much 
brigging with Dewey. He didn't like to see a m;in in 
double irons on his tours of inspection. We hadn't been 
to sea with him very long before we got ne.xt to how he 
despised a liar. One of the petty officers went ;islu)re at 
Gibraltar, got mixed up with the soldiers in the canteens 
up on the hill, and came off to the ship pa ra I y •/.(•( I. lie 
went before Dewey at the mast next morning, and gavi^ 
him the 'two-beers-and-sunstruck' yarn. 

'"You're lying, my man." said Dewey. "Von were xcry 
drunk. I myself heard you aft in my cabin, 1 will not 



496 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

have my men lie to me. I don't expect to find total 
abstinence in a man-of-war crew ; but I do expect them 
to tell me the truth, and I am going to have them tell 
me the truth. Had you told me candidly that you took 
a drop too much on your lilierty. you would have been 
forward l)y this time, for you at least returned to the 
ship. For lying, you get ten days in irons. Let nie have 
the truth hereafter. I am told you are a good seaman. 
A good seaman has no Imsiness lying.' 

"After that there were few men al)oard who didn't 
throw themselves on the mercy of the court when they 
waltzed up to the stick before Dewey, and none of us 
ever lost anything by it. He'd have to punish us in 
accordance with regulations, hut he had a great way of 
ordering the release of men he had to sentence to the 
brig before their sentences were half worked out. 

"Dewey was the best liberty-granting skipper I was 
ever shipmate with. He hated to keep quarantined men 
aboard when the good-conduct men were flocking off to 
the l)each. One tine Christmas day in Genoa harbor all 
the men entitled to shore liberty lined ui) at ten o'clock 
in the morning to answer muster before taking the run- 
ning boats for the shore. There were about forty of us, 
myself among the number, wlio were quarantined aboard 
for having raised Cain ashore, in Nice, a few weeks before. 
Our quarantine was for three months, and it was not 
half run out on this Christmas day. Dewey stood at 
the break of the poop, with his hands on his hips, watch- 
ing the liberty party line up. We fellows that couldn't 
go, were standing around the gangway, smoking our pipes. 



ANECDOTES OF THE Ar)]\riKAL 497 

and looking pretty- down in the nioutli. 1 guess. The l>ig 
liberty party — there were a couple hundred of men in 
the batch — Hnally got away, and the .shif) was practically 
deserted, except for us ciuarantined fellows. Dewey 
watched us for a while out of the tail of his eye. We 
were leaning over the side, watching the receding run- 
ning boats with the big lilierty party. Dewey went up 
on the poop, and walked up and down, chewing his 
mustache, and every once in a while shooting a look at 
us men up forward. Finally, he walked down the poop 
ladder, and straight forward to where we were grouped. 

■' ■ You boys, hop into your mustering clothes and go 
on off to the l)each. I'll let you have a couple of the 
running boats when they return. Come hack with the 
other men when you get ready. Don't raise any more 
trouble ashore than you can help.' 

"There wasn't a man in the gang of us that didn't 
want to hug little Dewey for that, and yon can gamble 
that w^e gave him a 'cheer ship' that rang around tlie 
harbor of Genoa. We all got marked in the log as 
'clean and solier.' too. when we got back to the ship, 
for we weren't going to do any cutting up on Dewey 
after the way he treated us." 

Every one of Admiral Dewey's associates in tlie Xavy. 
whether officers or men. havi^ interesting stori(>s to tell 
of him. Two of these, wlio wei-e with Dcwfv on the 
steam frigate ('(i/(ini</n. oih> as an ollicer. tiie other as 
a seaman, were John L. \'einiaiil and Ciiarles E. \\:uu\. 
both of Portsmouth, \eiinanl declares that ■jtewey was 
'smarter than chain ligtitiiing.' quick, passionate, and 



498 LIFE OF ADMlllAL DEWEY 

always demanded the most perfect discipline of his men. 
Always kind-hearted, he was respected alike hy his su- 
perior officers and the men under him." 

But Kand is even more enthusiastic in his praise of 
the ability and courage of the Admiral. "I remember 
once, when I was with Dewey on the flagship Colorado" 
said he. in speaking of the hero of Manila soon after the 
battle: '"he was then lieutenant-commander and execu- 
tive officer. Once, during a terrific gale, when we were 
off the Bay of Biscay — oftentimes a nasty place, too, — 
the command was given to save the ship. The old Colo- 
railii could not move faster than eight knots an hour, 
antl we were on a lee shore. 1 tell you it looked bad 
for us. 

"At the height of the storm, tlie admiral hini.self took 
the bridge, i-elieving Dewey. ;ind an order was given to 
set sails to lielp us out to sea. We fellow^s had to hustle 
into the rigging, and just to encourage us Dewey him- 
self mounted the ladder, and in less time than I can tell 
it was on the yard unfurling sail. It was an exciting 
scene and a dangerous situation, but in a short time we 
were clear of the coast and safe from wreck on one of 
the rockiest shores I know of." 

As illustrating the remarkal)le perceptibility of Admiral 
Dewey, it is said that, at one time during the Civil War. 
during an engagement with the enemy, Dewey and 
another officer wei'e standing side by sid(> watching the 
battle. Seeing one of the enemy's guns l)eing trained 
upon the spot where they stood, the future Admiral 
turned and said : " The shot from that gun will strike 



ANECDOTES OF THE ADMIRAL 499 

right here. There is no use in hotli of ns lieiiig killed, so 
you step aside." The shot fell short, iiut directly in front 
of where they stood. 

On another occasion when Dewey noted the position 
of one of the enemy's gnns. he i-emarked to a comrade: 
'•That shot will take off our lio\vs[)rit."' And it did. 

Admiral Dewey wore a "rabbifs foot" on his watch 
chain for "good luck" at the Battle of Miinihi Bay. 
Some mouths afterwards he sent it to a friend in New 
Jersey. It was exhibited, and as a result hundreds were 
made and sold to be worn as charms. 

The following touching story concerning Admiral 
Dewey is also told. Just l)efore the Battle of Manila, 
when the order was given to strii> for action, the smallest 
powder-boy on the Hagshiji dropped his coat overboard. 
He asked permission to jump after it, Init was refused. 

He went to the other side of the ship, drojiped over- 
board, recovered his coat, and was pi'omptly arrested for 
disobedience. 

After the Itattle he was ti'ied and found guilty. When 
the sentence was sulunitted to ('oniiiKxhifc Dewey foi- liis 
approval, he Itecame interested in tlie case, as he could 
not understand why the boy should risk his life for a 
coat just before the battle. He had the boy lironglit to 
him. He spoke kindly to the youugst(>r. who brok(> down 
and told the Commodore that the coat contained his 
mother's picture, which he had just kissed, and he could 
not bear to see it lost. 

Dewey's eyes tilled with tears, he fairly eud)raced the 
bov and ordered him to be releas(Hl. saying : 



500 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

'"Boys wIki love their mothers enough to risk their lives 
for her picture cauudt he kei)t in irons on this tieet." 

The Adiuinil on shore has ever heen a man of cluhs 
and societj-. Always quiet and gentlemanly, and not 
ohtrusively conversational, hut ever ready to talk and 
to he talked to. Perhaps he was readier to l)e talked to 
than to talk, for he has a mind of great activity and 
tense curiosity. While in Washington much of his 
leisure time was spent at the Metropolitan Clul). where he 
became associated in a social way with ]\Ir. H. L. Xelson. 
Mr. Nelson pays the Admiral this friendly tribute: — 

••He loves to know uli:it irii'ii iirt- iloiiiu- ami aci-oni|)lisliinij in the 
World, iuid on the whole I should say he had a •Yankee' mind — a 
mind of ae(|nisitiveness as well as iniiuisitiveness. I do not vise the 
word incjuisitiveness to mean iin]ii>rtinent i-uriosity. liut to mean a de- 
sire for aLMjuaintanee with matters of im|iortanee. Generally when on 
shore duty at Washington, tlie Admiral lived at the eluh. and was 
sometimes a mendjer of its house eonnnittee. Of one thing the mem- 
bers of the clul) will always have a grateful reeolleetion. and that is 
till' imjirovement of the cuisine under the direction of Admiral ])ewev. 
AN'lien he had anNthiny to do he did it with all his skill and al)ility. 
When he turned his mind to 'the kitcheti of the tdul). the dininLT-room 
became pleasanter and more attractive. 

" Professional h' he was always liiyhlv esteemed liy his brother olli- 
cers. but that is a side of him concernini,'' which I am not competent 
to speak. As a gentleman in society, he was innnenseiy jiopular. 
People loved to have him for a dinner companion, and men in tin- 
clul) loved to chat with him. He had a yreat zest for ever\ thino; he 
engaged in. and I jiresume he enjoyed the (iixht at Manila even 
better than his cho]) or steak at the clul). ' 

The last words of this friendly testimony give the key 
to (leorge Dewey's character. Me has a zest for everything 
he undertakes, and consequently succeeds where another 
would fail. 




CHAPTER XVIII 
THE PHILIPPINE ISL.LNDS 

OUR NEW POSSESSIONS IN THE FAR EAST -THEIR HISTORY- 
GEOGRAPHY — CLIMATE - WATERS - MINERALS - PRODUC- 
TIONS—INHABITANTS AND POSSIBILITIES UNDER AMERICAN 
RULE 

ixcE tlu:' richest ishinds in tiio 
world lia\(' cdiiH' into tin- \h>s- 
session of the 1 nitcd Staffs, 
flirough the Viilor nf Admiral 
(ieorge Dewey, iiis ofticers and 
moil, a general interest is t'elt 
ill their liisf(ir\. their peculiar 
features, and fiuMr |p()ssii>ilities 
under beneficent .\niericaii rule. 

Tlra traram9-YtS5a for U ? Oaval JVcatiemy rji||^, ishuids Wei'e discovered 

March 7. 15l!l. hy Fenlinand Mairellan. whose correct 
name was Magalhaens. Contrary to the general ludief. 
he was not a Sipaniard. but a native of rorfugai. .\s 
is well known, the strait at the southern extremity of 

(501 ) 




I 



502 



LIFE OF ADMIKAL DEWEY 



South America was named in his honor, and he was 
the first navigator to pass round the worhl. ^lagellan 
shared the fate of Columbus, for his own country did not 
appreciate his work as a navigator, and he entered the 
service of Charles V. of Spain, who placed him in charge 
of a fleet that was to attempt a westward passage to the 
Moluccas. He was engaged upon this task when he 
discovered the Philippines. 




CORREGIDOR, THE FORTIFIED ISLAND THAT STANDS AT THE ENTRANCE OF MANILA BAY 

The natives did not look with a kindly eye upon 
the swarthy white men. and noticing how few they were 
in number, dared them to land. ^Magellan had already 
been ashore on the island of Mindanao, and the chal- 
lenge came from a party on ]\lactan. a small island in 
front of Cebu. Magellan accepted the defiance and made 
his landing, accompanied by fifty Spaniaids. wlui soon 
found themselves engaged in a furious tight wit): twn 
thousand natives, a disparity sufficient to overcome the 
advantage the white men possessed in the way of fire- 
arms. Magellan was mortally wounded by an ai-i-o\v. 



-?/.&__».^L 'd |..T?.9f-'P----P-'i---'??-'^P-?-'' 

o' '■•■fSmosa' 



PHILIPPINE 
ISLANDS 

SCALE OF Maes 




-Jl5l 



11.5 I.nngltiide 



East 120 liniii 



Oix-<-ii«l''h li» 



MAP OF THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 



THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 



505 




iMamla Ifiiavljoc-. 



and he and six of his companions died Autnist 2(;. 15l'1. 

His ship completed the ciirumnavigation (if tlie globe. It 

was characteristic of the Spaniards that their tirst meet- 
ing with the "^ 

natives should 

mean a ti g h t. 

for such has been 

their policy ever 

since Sjmin was 

a nation. 

Appreciating 

the value of these 

islands. Spain 

sent expedition 

after expedition thither throughout the following forty ye:ii-s. 

Most of these were unfortunate, for the Spaniards luid no 

conception of the right way of winning the friend- 
_. ' sliip and con- 

li(l('nc(> of the 
siniph' - Ii(>art('(l 
natives. I'nder 
lilili II.. who 
iMded Spain fidin 
A.l). I55(;to 151):!. 
a hfth e\pe(b- 
tion was sent to 
the j'hilippines, 

which.it may besaid,estal)lished Spanish authority over them. 
But such establishment l)y no means meant ti-au- 

([uillity anil undisjinted possession. Tlie Spaniards were 




-vfn^"* . 






506 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

kept busy fighting Dutch. English, and Chinese marauders. 
One of the most terril)ie foes was a Chinese outlaw, who 
was finally slain with his Japanese lieutenant. As was 
to be expected, there was continual fighting, more or 
less, with the natives, who were treated with ferocious 
cruelty. Early in the .•seventeenth century a Chinese 
rebellion was put down, after more than twenty thou- 
sand of the Celestials had lircu killed. 

Soon after this the Dutch made several attacks upon 
the Spaniards, l)ut were repulsed. The wars, reliellions, 
volcanic eruptions, pe.stilences, and all numner of dis- 
turbances were too numerous to l)ear full relation. 
Throughout them all. Si)ain kept her grip upon the 
Philippines. Init it was continual warfare from the first 
down to the fateful ]\lay 1. LSitS. when they passed 
forever from her possession. 

These islands lie lietween 5 82' and 19 38' north lati- 
tude, and between 117 and liMV east longitude. From 
east to west their extent is about six hundred miles, 
with a length north and south of some one thousand 
miles. The exact number of the islands is unknown, 
some of them being very small. There ai'e probalily 
one thousand eight hundred of them in all. They 
have a mountainous surface, with a good natural drain- 
age in Luzon.* the most imiiortant island. The estimated 

*The following comparison of the area of the Philippines with that of 
some of the States, of the Union, and facts relating to tlie trade and elimatic 
conditions of the islands, have boon compiled by the War Department at 
Wasliington : — 

Luzon, the largest and most valuable island of the Philippine group, 
has an area of 50.000 square miles, nearly the same as tliat of New York, 
North Carolina, Arkansas, or Louisiana. The coniliiiu'd area of Wisconsin 




MAJOR-GENERAL WESLEY MERRITT, U. S. A. 



THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS rm 

area of the ishimls is one hnndied and lifteen tliousaiid 
square miles, which is two and a half times the size (,f 
the State of New York. Luzon itself, with the small 
islands belonging to it, is almost as large as the i^n- 
pire State. It will thus he seen that it is a royal 
prize that has come into the possession of the I'liitt'd 
States. 

As to the climate of the Philipjnnes it is very warm 
and moist. It never is really cold, and the temperatuie 
rarely rises above 100'. The warmest season is from 
March to June, and the coolest from l)ecem])er to Jan- 
uary, while from June to November constitutes the 
rainy season, the greatest rainfall being in August and 
September. 

The islands to the north sometimes suffer from the 
violent winds known as typhoons, which occasionally sweep 
across the lands further to the south, the severest occur- 
ring during the autumnal equinox. Visitors to the Philip- 
pines cannot be too careful in observing the laws of health, 
for the climatic conditions are bad. Even the natives are 



and Illinois, trt'Di-gia, and Florida, or Now York. \'('niii)iil, ;iiiil I'ftuisvlvanla 
equals approximately tlie total area of llu' entiiv arrlii|)i'laKo, wliii'h is 1 !.">,- 
000 square miles; while the .SImIc nl' Arizona alniir is ahnosl as larnc 

As regards the foreign trade nf iIh' I'liilipiiiiifs. iniilrr iicirnial condiiioMs. 
$62,(Wl.(:xX> is a fair estimate of its volume. In ISlKi the imports :Mniimil.>il 
to $1'6,5ik:i.(XKI. Tlie exports in ISHT .-nnounled to $;i7 .1 )00,( H». 

From the fact tliat tlie extreme length of thi' Philippine group is from 
north to south, its northern e\tr-ennt,v reaching to llie limit of tlie tropical 
zone, the ishinds lKi\e a ciinsi(ler:ilile variety of clim.-ile. The general char- 
acteristics, however, are tro]iie;il. .March. April, and May are the hottest 
months, while the coolest are (tetnher, November. Ilecemlier, .lamiary. and 
February. The luimidity is at all times excessive. The natives always seek 
shelter from the sun in the afternoon. The rainy season liegins in ,Iuiie and 
lasts until September. 



510 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



subject to fever, and many 
thousands have died from 
cholera. 

The most extensive moun- 
tains are found in Luzon, while 
others of less elevation exist 
in Mindanao. One of the peaks 
on the latter island named Apo 
reaches a height of nearly tvro 
miles. The volcano of Mayon 
in Luzon, almost as lofty, 
has had several violent erup- 
tions during the past years. 
More than once ^lanila. the 
principal city, has suffered from 
the three volcanoes which are 
in the neighborhood, and which 
rnay be said to be an ever- 
present menace. 

Another source of danger 
is the earthquakes, to which 
the islands are peculiarly 
subject. They have caused 
the loss of many lives and 
the destruction of pi-operty beyond estimate. This ever- 
present danger will ex^dain the peculiarity that strikes a 
stranger in the structure of the houses, which are made 
of wood, with the foundations only of stone. In 18S2 




...J 



EMILIO AGUINALDO Y FAMY * 
Leader of the Philippine Insurgents 



* Agiiinaldo, the famous Filipino insurgent chief, wns born in Imus, a 
village near Cavity, aliiuil tliirty-one years ago. His fatlier was a platitrr. 




MAJOR-GENERAL OTIS, U. S. A. 



THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 513 

Manila was swept by a cyclone, which in less than an 
hour laid half the city in niins. 

Bearing in mind the immense area of the most import- 
ant islands and the extent of the mounfiiin cliains. it will 



THE PROCLAMATION OF THE FILIPINO REPUBLIC AT MALOLOS. SEPTEMBER, 1898. 
THE HALL IN WHICH THE INSURGENT CONGRESS MET 

be understood that they are favored with ii inimlicr of 
rivers of considerable size. Some of those empty into in- 
land seas or lakes, while most of them open out into broad 
estuaries, which permit vessels of light draught to penetrate 
a long way into the interior. 

D — X', 



514 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



As showing the size of some of these streams it may 
be said that in Luzon the Cagayan is two hundred miles 
in length and the Aqua Grande more than a hundred 

miles. ThePasig, 
of which mention 
has been made 
in our account 
(if the military 
operations, is the 
most important 
of all the rivers, 
though it is 
barely twenty 




Cue [Old Ca-tKcdral 



^ / miles long, for. 
having its source 
in tlie Lagoa de Bay, it hnds its outlet in :\Ianila Bay. 
Mindanao is also noted for its rivers, one of which, the 
Agusan, is longer than the Cagayan of Luzon. The 
Lagoa de Bay. in 
which the Pasig 
rises, is the most 
important lake in- 
L u z o u. N e a r 
ilanila is a beau- 
tiful sheet of wa- 
ter lying in the 
crater of a volcano, 
whose name means "The Enchanted Lake." and it 
forms one of the most interesting curiosities in the whole 
extent of the islands. 




' Inland?. 




■.J 





.«1 



' "-i^ 



1 




•« 



;5 






:::*«saB.; 




'^ 









THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 517 

For a good many years the iiriiicipal luirbors of the 
islands have been closed to foreign commerce, being used 
by the natives in their trading operations along the coast. 
Because of this, the trade has been confined mainly to 
Manila, Iloilo. Celiu. and Siial. while Zamboanga, in Min- 
danao, was also an open port. From our description of 
Manila Bay it will be understood that it is one of the finest 
and most capacious harliors in the world. It is one hundred 
and twenty miles in circumference and offers few dangers 
to navigation. Manila has long been the capital of the 
Philippines and the Spanish centre of trade for the Pacific. 
It has a population of a tpiarter of a million, and the ex- 
tensive harbor, of which mention has just been made, is 
vast enough to permit all the navies of the world to ride 
at anchor within it. In bad weather the best anchorage 
is off Cavite, several miles to the southwest. 

These islands have been so long under Spanish rule 
that they show^ all the sluggishness and ci'udo develop- 
ment of the colonies of that country. For instance, at 
this writing, the only railroad communication is between 
Manila and Dagnpan, a distance of one lnin(hed and 
twenty-three miles, but the telegraph lines ai-c probably 
a thousand miles in extent, and radiate in (lilTcrcnt direc- 
tions from Manila. 

Various estimates have been made of the population of 
the islands, but the most reliable data place the number 
of inhabitants as l)etween seven and eiglit millions, of 
whom the foi-eign i-esidents number no more tlian twenty 
thousand, while the mixed bloods arc somewhat greater. 
Here, as elsewhere, the uwvk. patient, plodding Cliinamau 



518 



LIFE OF ADxMlKAL DEWEY 




MAJOR-GENERAL HENRY W. LAWTON, U. S. A. 

lays who formerl.v occupied the 
into fifty-one tribes, v.iiicli nia^ 
two grand divisions 
of the wild niouu- 
taiu natives and tlie 
civilized people who 
live along the coast 
and are brought in 
contact with for- 
eigners or their own 
race in flip towns. 

( )f these tribes 
the most powerful 
arc the Visays, who 



has made his way and 
saved money where an 
ordinary laborer would 
starve. While there 
has never been an 
exact census of the 
Chinese taken, they 
must number nearly 
seventy thousand. 

One of the most in- 
teresting features of 
the Philippines is the 
natives, who have long 
been a study to the 
ethnologist. They are 
descendants of the Ma- 
islands, and are divided 
he separated into the 




OLD GLORY" FLYING ABOVE FORT MALATE, MANILA 



THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 



T)!'.) 



live among the south- 
ern islands. The Neg- 
ritos, Cebus. and the 
Jabla tribes, found in 
the principal islands. 
are believed to lie the 
descendants of the ori- 
ginal natives of the 
islands. These people 
make their living by 
fishing and hunting, 
wandering from place 
to place, like the Amer- 
ican Indians. All are 
chew^ers of the betel 
nut, a vegetable pro- 
duction that deserves a 






THE CASEOS ON MANILA BAY 



GOVERNOR-GENERAL AUGUSTIN 

passing notice. It is a nar- 
cotic masticatory used udt 
merely for chewing, l»ut 
to dye the teeth black auil 
to impart a deep red color 
to the lips. Among females 
these peculiarities are con- 
sidered marks of beauty, 
though to foi'oiguers the 
effect is the reverse, and 
the manner in which the 
herb is chewed is disgnst- 
hiii. To one unnccustomod 



5-20 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

to the indulgence it acts as a powerful astringent in the 
mouth and throat, and the quicklime with which it is 
mixed often removes the skin and deadens the taste. 
After a time the effect is pleasant and exhilarating and 
lasts a good while. 

Like many savage peoples, the natives show great 
cleverness in carving, some of their handiwork being 
beautiful and artistic. There is a good deal of plaiting 
of nets, weaving, and embroidering. The valuable com- 
merce of the islands is mainly in the hands of the Brit- 
ish. Americans. French. Germans, and Swiss, though the 
Spanish laws have often discriminated to an injurious de- 
gree against the trading interests of foreign nations. The 
most extensive tracts of land in Luzon are under the con- 
trol of religions orders, in whose favor the Spanish laws 
have been so glaringly partial, and from whose exactions 
the people have suffered so severely, that it has been 
one of the potent causes of revolt. Aguinaldo and those 
associated with him claimed that the tyranny of the re- 
ligious orders had become intolerable. 

It would be a grave error to look upon all the Fili- 
pinos as savages, though there are thousands of them in 
the interior who are as barbarous as the Sioux Indians 
in our own country. Provision on a lai^e scale has been 
made for the education of children. In 18S9, there were 
more than one thousand five hundred schools for boys 
and girls, the instructors of whom were provided by the 
Normal School in Manila, besides which there were a large 
■■er of private schools. The University of San Tomas 
■J- Manila was founded nearly three centuries ago. though 














if 



TLatx\e tlou^e^ 






lUaixlla^ 




Ct^Pp^ of the l-HiiUppiuc TLaiivep. 






^^T'SI 









■J 
















SCENES IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (No. 11 



THE PHIMPPINE ISLANDS .rJ:] 

much cannot be said of its value as a leader in lilicral 
education. A much more valuable institution is the col- 
lege of San Juan de Lateran, founded in Isiio. Avhile tiie 
Municipal Athenieuni, under the care of the Jesuits, must 
not l)e forgotten. Little praise can be given to the news- 
papers, which, being uuder the control of the goveruiiKMit. 
were the enemies of progress and liljeral ideas. 

Manila wdll always hold a peculiar interest to Ameri- 
cans, for, as we have already shown, it was the scene of 
one of the grandest exploits of one of the grandest char- 
acters that figure in ancient or niodei-n annals. It will 
be remembered that it stands on the we.stern sitle of 
Luzon at the mouth of the river Pasig and Manila Hay. 
and, occupying both shores of the stream, is connected by 
a stone Imdge four hundred and twenty feet long and 
by an iron suspension l)ridge. For military and other 
purjwses the city is divided into the right or noi-th sliore. 
which contains eight suburbs, while the south or left 
shore of the Pasig has the t'iudad propei- or foi-t. This 
is made of high solid walls, protected by a citadel and 
surrounded by a number of wide, deep ditclies. The sceu- 
ei-y along the Pasig. all the way to the lake, is among 
the most charming and Iteautiful to he found anywhere. 

The thoughts of Americans have be(>n turned for months 
to the Philippines, and the (juestion has b(>en asked times 
without number as to wiiat develoiunent they are capable 
of. The islands of themselves are the most valual)le in 
the world : and despite the princely revenue poured into the 
lap of Spain by the •'i'earl of the .\ntines."' her colonies 
in the Far Fast were still licher. If tiiey furnished so 



.524 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

much valuable trade in cigars, sugar, coffee, tobacco, hemp, 
rice, cocoamats, cordage, and cotton or mixed fabrics, they 
would undoubtedly do vastly more under intelligent and 
energetic management. 

First, in regard to the mineral wealth of the country, 
({old has been found in different parts, though so far as 
yet known it does not exist extensively. The leading 
mineral products are coal and iron, the latter being 
abundant in many of the islands. The iron mines in 
Luzon exceed all the others and the quality is excellent, 
most of it being equal to the famous product of Sweden. 
Magnetic iron is found in many places and is remarkably 
pure. 

Pit coal is also plentiful and was first discovered on 
the island of Cebu. It was afterwards found in so 
many other places that coal mining became an im- 
portant industry, though of late years the output has 
diminished. Another valuable mineral is copper, of 
which rich veins exist in the district of Leimnto. 
Learning the value of the mineral, a good many na- 
tives drive a thriving trade by bringing it into the 
towns and to the different trading posts and bartering 
it to dealers who are eager to buy. Naturally, in the 
neighborhood of the extinct volcanoes large quantities 
of sulphur have been found, while antimony also exists 
in the provinces of Zambales. 

The other commercial minerals are mercury, occa- 
sionally unearthed in the province of Caraga and else- 
where; lead in Cebu; marbles on the island of liomblon, 
of Guimaras, and the mountains of Bataan; granite in 



THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 



525 



the Sierra of 
Mariveles ; and 
jasperand basal- 
tic tufa in (iua- 
dalupe. Tliere 
are ahundaiit 
mineral waters, 
the most noted 
being the iron 
springs of Tau- 
calaoin the ])r(i- 
vince of All)ay. 
in the province 
of Lagnna. and 
the s u 1 p h u V 
springs of Anti- 
polo. The ther- 
mal spring in 
Pagsangan has 
the reputation of having wrought many r(Mnarkal)le cures, 
and. being inclosed amid the most picturesque and lic;iii- 
tiful scenery, it is a favorite resort. Under tlie nuiiuige- 
ment of a company of hustling Americans, ;ill tlu^so 
springs could be made a source of lucrative ii-vcuue. 
Experiments and investigation have brought many new 
springs to light, leaving it fair to infer that still others 
are awaiting discovery in different parts of tlu- islands. 
The vegetable productions of the Thilippines are in- 
teresting, varied, and valuable. Stretching north and 
south through fifteen degrees of latitude, with a soil in 




rhi't'i, i'npiit'i'jlit isfis. hii F. 'iiih'h'uist, I'hiUtiitljjhiii 
REAR-ADMIRAL JOHN C. WATSON. U. S. N. 



526 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

many parts of the most fertile nature, with a favoring 
climate, it would be strange indeed if these islands did 
not present possibilities that cannot fail to draw the 
attention of capitalists and even men of moderate 
means. It is safe to assume that within the next ten 
years the production will double or triple as a result of 
the infusion of American blood, energy, pluck, and enterprise. 

The mountains give a characteristic peculiarity to the 
vegetable productif)ns, while the equatorial lowlands lend 
a rich exuberance to the growth, and })roduce an almost 
endless variety in the vegetable wealth of the country. 
It may be said that there are few productions of the 
tori'id or terapei'ate zones which do not find congenial soil 
in some portions of the islands. Thus in the Sulu Archi- 
pelago the characteristic is equatorial, but this disappears 
in I\Iindanao, although still retaining a tropical nature all 
the way to the north of Luzon, where equatorial growth 
again appears in gi-eat profusion. 

Agriculture can be i)ushed with a certainty of valuable 
returns, but as yet that industry is of the crudest and 
most undeveloped form. Like the monks and Indians of 
California, who trod the rich soil for centuries without 
suspecting the untold treasures of gold that were sleeping 
in the ground, the people of the Philippines seem never 
to have realized the marvelous develo])nient of which the 
soil is capable. Thousands of ;igi-icnlturists would iind 
there all the favoring conditions they could ask, except 
perhaps so far as personal comfort is concerned. The 
abaca-tree, from which the famous Manila hemp is ob- 
tained, has long been one of the most important factors 



THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 



527 



of commerce. Kice, corn, sugar-cane, coffee, tobacco, and 
indigo find in the Philippines every desirable condition for 
their fullest development. 

Kice, which forms one of the leading staples of food, 
not only in the East, Init in many other countries, grows 
in profusion and is the chief dependence of the natives in 




Wht ll-nfanla Jwanna 










"in f aula "'t.saljtlla 
'gjiaughler ot 

of ,^^ip<iia. 




of ,'^iipain ^ ^ 



SPANISH HISTORICAL PERSONAGES (No. II 

the way of food. It flourishes in the niountiiins. on the 
plains, and. as in South Carolina, in water. It is such a 
favorite with the people that their gnnitcst ingemiity is 
displayed in its culture. It is found in all parts of the 
islands, and in many instances has l)rought wealth to those 
who were able to cultivate it on a large scale. 



5-2S 



IJFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



Next in importance 
to rice is the cultiva- 
tion of sugar. Several 
varieties — all of the 
best quality — of sugar- 
cane grow, and the 
product conies nearer 
that of any other 
country in its excel- 
lence to the sugar of 
t'ulia. Itismostabund- 
antly cultivated in the 
provinces of Negros. 
Pampangas. Bulacan, 
and Batangas. 

The industry, how- 
ever, that yields the 
most valuable returns is the cultivation of tobacco, which 
since 1S82 has been untaxed. The Manila "wrapper" for 
cigars has long been a favorite with the users of the weed, 
and the product itself is of such a superior quality that ten 
times the crops now produced would find a ready sale in 
the leading marts of the world. 

Manila hemp, as every one knows, has long been one 
of the most noted products of the islands. As has been 
stated, it is obtained from the abaca-tree, and the annual 
export, previous to the recent troubles, was almost $30,- 
0110.000. As a rule, it is exported in the form of raw ma- 
terial, though considerable trade has been carried on for 
years in the matting and tissues woven l\v the natives in 




CHRISTINA, THE QUEEN REGENT OF SPAIN 



THE PHILII'JMNE ISLANDS 



^29 



the interior. In 1S*.)2 
the product of Manila 
hemp amounted nearly 
to one hundred thou- 
sand tons. It will be 
seen that as relates to 
hemp the Philippines 
offer tempting induce- 
ments to capitalists. 

Indigo not only 
abounds, but in quality 
it has no superior in 
any part of the world. 
The same may be said, 
with some reservation. 
of the coft'ee. Some 
experts declare the 
coffee of Mindanao supei'ior to the more famous .Mocha 
product. The cultivation of cereals, however, has been 
generally neglected, dependence for Hour and grain being 
mostly upon California. This neglect may seem singular, 
when the soil and climatic conditions are so favorable, 
but the real cause lies in the endless disputes over the 
ownership of land, the diliiculties of laud traus[)ortatiou. 
and the oppressive taxation, which has dfteu been of so 
whimsical a nature that no calculation coidd be l)ased 
upon it. The richness of the soil is shown in the fact 
that many of the cereals gi-ow wild in the mountains. 

It would naturally he supposed that cotton is a leading 
product, but such is not the fact. Not only is its growth 

D — :u 




ALPHONSO XIII, KING OF SPAIN 



530 



LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 



meagre, but it.s quality is poor. It is not probable that its 
culture will ever yield satisfactory returns in the Philip- 
pines. The best is found in the provinces of Batangas 
and Ilocos. 

Cocoa deserves mention, since a large area of the islands 
is devoted to its cultivation. That which is produced in 
Cebu equals the ,best grown anywhere. 



@,o-a ®ii-;, 




'-^^^"r^^^^^hllxp W 



SPANISH HISTORICAL PERSONAGES (No. 2) 

In the nature of things, the Philippines abound with 
the most valuable timber and commercial woods. Think 
of a wood that can be exposed to all kinds of weather 
or kept submerged for hundreds of years and yet remain 
as firm, solid, and uninjured as when first cut down. This 
wonderful peculiarity belongs to the tree known as the 
molave, which seems to be as impermeable to moisture 



THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 



581 




as irou. Black ebony, 
red mahogany, and 
woods especially valu- 
able for molding are 
found in the forests 
which cover an area 
of thousands of square 
miles. lu addition, 
there must be other 
trees of vast worth to 
commerce of which 
comparatively nothing 
is at jjresent known. * house used as a blockhouse, near mamla 

In the forests there seems to lie no (mkI to the palms, 
bananas, cloves, pepper, allspice, cinnamon, and nutmeg, 
while at heights of a thousand feet or more the fern-trees 
grow luxuriantly. Of pot jilants there are wunv than 

thi'cc thonsaiid. sev- 
eral hiinilrcd of wliich 
are indigenous to the 
islands. It must not 
hv forgotten that a 
great many of the 
plants ))()ssess a high 
mcdiciiKil value. 

Now. while we have 
endeavored to set 
fortli bri(>fly tlic ca- 
pacities of these inter- 

THE EFFECT OF AN AMERICAN THREE-INCH shell CStlUg IShlUds UUdcr 




5;J2 



LIFE OF AD:\nKAT; DEWEY 



•s 


J 


mi 


^ L" 41 


►?• 


- "■ 'i 


*'d ' 


<w.-- i^H 



A STREET IN THE OUTSKIRTS OF MALOLOS 



American control and 
management, we 
should not be fair to 
I lur readers if we failed 
i() warn them oi the 
ilisadvantages that are 
certain to be encoun- 
tered, though it must 
l>e said they are no 
greater, and in many 
respects are less, than 
what our countrymen 
lia\e met and over- 
come in other parts of the world. 

We have already referred to the climate, which while 
it does not offer the extremes found in our own country, 
is still enervating and often fatal to foreigners, especially 
when they are care- 
less in observing the 
laws of health.* Sheep 

* Cdiisul O. F. Williams, 
luiwcver, writes to the Stntc 
Department from Manila, 
under date of February 24, 
1899, as follows: — 

"I wish to refute the 
statements generally circu- 
lated in regard to the heallli 
and elimate of the Philip- 
pine Isl.-uids. Being within 
the tropics, they of course 
lack the invigorating effects 
of frost, and tlie temperature 
averages high — at Manila 
alxiut (8.3 b. ; but extremes native huts near polo, north of Manila 




THE PHIUPl'lNE ISLANDS 



;).)■) 



do not thrive and the horses, though tough aud en- 
during, are miserable -hioking creatures. Mosquitoes 
swarm by the liilliou. They are everywhere. ;nul only by 
the use of netting and great care can any one secure im- 
munity frfim the i)ests. We have plenty of these nuisances 
in our own country, but there are few sections tliat are 
so plagued as the Philippines. 

Besides the mosquitoes there is a species of white 
ant. whose voracity is almost incredible. Thus far the 
only wood through which they do not eat their way is 
the metallic molave. There is reason ff)r fearing that 
after their teeth have become sharpened from practice, 
they will hnd a way of successfully attacking this wood. 
since it has been established by scientific investigation 
that there are insects in existence which actually gnaw 



are not wide apart, and during the last year I heard of un Icinperalure 
lielow 57° F. in tlie islands, and none lielnv, the sixtii's in Mnnila. Mercury 
in the sliade rarely rises above S."). imh- .-iliove M5 in ihi' Min. 

"Beinfj; on the coast of a bay so large as lo lie alinosl .■in irdand sea, 
and having eight miles to the east a lake, with onr hundred miles of shore, 
whose waters seek the bay through the large and rapid Pasig. the oily of 
Manila has fresh air constantly, as wi'll as sea breezes. 

"The sewers of Manila are not go(.d. and can nevei- lie lirst class, be- 
cause of its low levels; but the rainfall here is alio\e leii I'ccl per ;iiinum 
and quite evenly distributed, so that the streets are rain .-wept and the 
sewers well flushed almost every day. There is also an .-idvanlage in hot. 
wet weather, which hastens the decay of vegetable or animal matter, this 
sooTi rotting and being washed away. 

"The city water supply is abundant. The water is carried in large iron 
pipes about seven miles from springs, and is exceptionally pure ami agree- 
able to the taste. I use it every d;iy as a beverage and have never ex- 
perienced ill effects therefrom. I liave iiol been sick a minute since I left 
the United States in 1S97. 

"In filthy (|Uarters smallpox may lie round almost any day, but few 
deaths result, and the sanitary measures of the present goveriunent have 
been of the greatest benefit. The death rate is small ai\d it is only neces- 
sary to live properly to be entirely he.iltliy." 



534 



LIFE OF AD.MIJJAL DEWEY 




Imutcw/ 






FILIPINO HUTS THATCHED Wll H M.^rALM LEAVES 



iron, without injiiry 
to their incisors and 
with great damage to 
the metal. 

The crocodiles are 
never desirable neigh- 
bors, and there are 
|ilcnty of them in the 
I'hiiippines, thougii 
they can hardly be 
looked upon as a men- 
ace to human life. 
Naturally there are 
many serpents, a few of which are very deadly. One of 
these, and the most terrible of all, resembles so closely 
the green leaf of the rice plant that a person is not likely 
to discover his mistake until bitten, when it is too late, 
for there is no known antidote for its fearful poison. The 
merciful fact is that 
it is exceedingly rare. 
There have been na- 
tives who have lived 
all their lives among 
the rice fields without 
ever having seen a 
"dekenpalay," whose 
name indicates its 
resemblance to tlie 
green leaf of the rice 

piani. ^ BARRICADE ON THE ROAD FROM MANILA TO POLO 



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lUoivlK 



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oe'lKt '^?%^^V' ;l^ 



ya,^igi Oivihr ''^^^^ ^g^i^^^^jg^i^;-^^^ 1,,j^ll_ (jj^. 



auila) 



.■< ccrtii 



fltreet 



c\,Xhav 




llativc Pi^Kcrtuatt. 



SCENES IN THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS (No. 2) 



THE PHILIPPINP] ISLANDS 537 

The Itoa is another species of siuike found in the 
islands, luit it is not held in much dread, since, like ail 
constrictors, it is not venomous, and ordinarily a man 
has little troul»le in keeping beyond reach of its un- 
pleasant attentions. It is said that three-fourths of the 
known species of serpents are found in the Philippines, hut 
they are not to be compared with those of India, where 
annually thousands of people lose their lives from snake 
bites. 

JIany animals are found. Deer, wliich afe probably 
the most widely distributed of all quadrupeds, are lunnerous 
in some sections and (heir Hesh is of a good (piality. There 
are alsf) wild bulls, horses, and buffaloes, with apparently 
no end of monkeys, mountain cats, marine and laud birds. 

The policy of Spain was a dead weight for years 
upon the development of the islands. One of the most 
grievous complaints of the Americans, and one which 
helped to lead to the Revolution was the Xii\ig:itiou 
Laws, which compelled the colonies to carry on com- 
merce only with England. This iiolicy was followed 
to a more rigorous extent by Si)ain iu tli(> Philippines 
until recent years. The peasantry were forbidd(Mi to 
sell to any parties except the Spanish govcn-nment at 
prescribed rates. The government had absolute control 
over all exports, and foreigners were not allowed to jiur- 
chase real estate. The direct and indirect taxation made 
up one-half of the receipts of Spain fnnu the islands; 
other onerous regulations were establish(>d and it can 
well be understood why the natives revolted so nuiny times 
against the rule of a mition that is not only tyrannous 



538 LIFE OF ADMIRAL DEWEY 

to her subjects, but is lacking in the simplest rudiments 
required for the successful government of her dependencies. 

Such is the country to which the victories of the gal- 
lant Dewey promise a l)righter and a happier future. 
Named after the cruel Philip when discovered by the famous 
Portuguese navigator, the islands have been scenes of 
cruelty and oppression from that day to this, without jus- 
tice and without peace. Blessed by God with all the 
sources of wealth and refinement, with the finest of min- 
erals, the finest fruits and the most ))eautiful woods, with 
a position that is the envy of the world "'at the gateway 
of the day," under the Spaniard nothing has been done 
for such a country. It has been left a field for the grossest 
superstition and for the most grasping rapacity. Surely 
now a better day is aliout to dawn for the millions of its 
inhabitants, perhaps as yet unknown to them, which will. 
however, certainly lead to a morning of joy. 

Under the protecting power of America the West will 
lend a helping hand to the East, and the Philippines will 
be Philippines no longer, but a country freed from e\ery- 
thing tliat is associated with so baneful a name, to ])ecome 
a land of religious freedom, happiness, prosperity, and 
peace. 
















GENERAL INDEX 



I'liiii],- 

20,s, 



Adnins, Unitixl St^ti'S w:ir vi-ssrl 31fi 

Aclelar, Countess, wile of Hiii,'h JI;if;?iiis 44li 

Adironcbcks, Tlu* ;J2 

Aijiiwum, The, gunlioat, Geori^e l)e«ey or- 
dered to join, 180. 
Ai;riculture, ))ossiliilities for, in tlu 

pines, o2i[-;J0. 
Ajjuinaldo, (ien. Kmilio, Fili]]ino li-.-n 

2()!S, 010 («"^-); returns to tlie Pliilipjiines 
after Dewey's victory, 200; eo-o|ierati(iii of, 
with Dewey, 200; announces a provisional 
Filipino i;overnnient independent of tlie 
United States, 210; aspirations of, -104. 

A^jusan River. ... .514 

Aliibii}ii(i,'V\\v, ('onfedcrate cruLser 180 

Alan, Lcml of (iulloway 447 

Ala.ska, Territory of ;J1H 

.4/«,si-n, The, United States vessel :!1.3 

Allpcrt I., the Pious. Count de Verniaiidois. 44ii 

Alexander the Crcat 44:{ 

Alexandria, Egypt, visited Ijy Georjje Dewev, 

148; the Wnbash in collision at, 14M. 
Algado, Coinniander l)on Alonzo, aliainions tin- 
Cnstilla and takes off his crew in ^oud 
order, 2it2. 

Alisa, Lady 442 

Allen, Assistant Seerctarvof the Navv, Cliarlcs 
H., 384. 

Ethan, 22, .■!2, 38, 44, 402; statue ol', at 

JI<intpelier, Vt., 311; place of, in tljc .iffec- 
tions of the people of his native State, 3il. 
Amelia, Lady, wife of the seconil Kail of 
Leicester, 444. 

American guns ami gunnery, impurtan if 

effectiveness of, 20.5. 

interests in China, ])rotection of, 1!)4; 

remarks of Dewey on, 418, 410. 

squadron. See SQiwnKifN. 

Americans, coolness of the, at tiic ISaltle of 
Manihi Bay, 201; jierfect war material ol 



the, 2ii(i; rapid firing of the, 288; second 
attack of the, 2)1.") ; reasons for victory of the, 
312; slight casualties to the, 270. 
Auuinmition, anjount of, used on tlic J'elril, .at 
the liattle of iManila Bay, .{(il: perfect ac- 
tion of, on the J'ltnl, :iMi; amount of, n.sed 
on the ('<:iin,r</, 3Wi. 

.Vngus family 44}) 

(iilhert. Earl of 447 

Lady Alansee of 447 

Kohert, Second Earl of 447 

Annapolis, 51d j].^ 

Naval .-Vcaileuiy. sketi'h of (ieorge Dew- 
ey's life at the. 101-22; comlcumation of 
lying at, 117, IIS. 
Arijrmaml drlcans, Kohi^rt-forlis, Count ..f, 442. 
.Vnui- of Prussia, wife of Ilcurv I. of I'ralice, 
443, 440. 

Autipolo, Philippine Islands .V2.") 

.Acpia (irande l!iv.-r, I'hilippine Islands. ,')14 

-Ar.icides 443 

Arkinisiis, The, Conled.rate ram 17!l 

Armeida. ... .... 443 

.\rmy of the Potomac 8."i, 31.i 

Asiatic sipiadron, Tin-, Dewey's first service 
on, 184; opposition to the assignment of 
I >ewcy to, 102: assignment of Dewev to, 
184, 187, 103; illmss of Dewey while on his 
way to join, 187, 188; concentrated l.y 
Dewey at Hiiug-Kong, Ii).5; not so strong 
nmnerically as the fleet of i-ithcr England or 
liussi:i, in (_'liincsc waters, 410; creilitcd with 
a " glorious display of intelligent commainl 
.and sm-cessful service," 272; K'ear-.-Vdndral 
Charles ('. t'arpenti'r in command of, 83. 
.Vllieiis, visited ljy (Ji'orge Dewey 188 

B 

Bahin, Ensign P., of the A'.i/i iV/A 3IMI 

IJachclrli'r, I'^nsign U. S. X., one of the last to 
leave the hurning .\ti<si^<ijijil, I71,t. 
(539) 



540 



GENEKA]. INDEX 



Bacoor, Philipjiino Islands 287 

Koads ol, -iStj; Spanish sqiiarivon ordered 

to, after the tirst engagement at the Kattk- ut 
Manila Bay, 295. 
Bailey, (..'hief Engineer of the linU-if/Ii .... 300 

Mercy, ancestor of George Dewey, 448, 

459. 
Baker Bay, Manila, positiuii ot Spanifih snuudron 

at, 247. 
Balkeman, Assistant Snrgeon K. S., of the B(>.<~ 
ton, ;io:). 

Baltimore, Md 319 

Baitlmort, Tlie, I'nited States cruiser, 211, 212, 
31ti, 37<i; description of, 301, 302; tonnage 
and guns of, 229; protection of aninninitlon 
hoists on, 234; officers of, at the Battle of 
Manila Bay, 302: complement of men of 
the, 302; sent with the BiK^tnu and Co/n-ord 
to reconnoitre Suhic Hay, 235; signaled tu 
prepare for general action, 338; position of, 
in tlie line at the Battle of Manila Bay, 
21ti, 22(!; mana-uvres of, during tlic battle, 
341, 342; follows the flagship Olympla in 
attacking the Cnst'iUn and Riina Christina^ 
247; ordered to intercept an incoming Brit- 
ish steamer, 341; signaled to withdraw from 
action, 341 ; signaled to lead second attack, 
341 ; accorded place of honor in the second 
engagement, 220: ]>asses directly over two 
Spanish mines, 202: excellent aim of the 
gunners of, in the second engagement, 226; 
signaled to attack the enemy's earthworks, 
342; silences the batteries at Canacao and 
Sangley Point. 342; c-heered hy the other 
crews for brilliant work in silencing the 
shore batteries, 24 1: damaixes to, from Span- 
ish shot, 344, 345: pierced by two shells, 265; 
casualties to. considered slight, 270; six men 
injured on board of, 271; trouble with firing 
devices, 342; behavior of the officers and 
crew of, during the battle, 343; conduct of 
officers and crew of, conmiended by Lieuten- 
ant-Commander Briggs, 344; assisted by the 
Jialcit/h, destroys six batteries at the en- 
trance to Manila Bay, 245. 
Barron, Captain Sji.nuel, of the Woba.^h, 12H. 
Ui7; exaniines(Jer»rge Pewey's log book, ltl8. 

Bascom, Thonuis 447 

Basil, the Macedonian, first Emperor of Con- 
stantinopli". 443. 

Bataan. I'liilijipine Islands 524 

Bat;i!ii;;is. I'hilipjiine Islands. ... 528 

Baton lionge, I,a 179 

Bath, Carpenter. (>.. of the Haltimort 302 

'' Battle of Torn ( 'oats " 92 

^* Battle of Manila, The" (song) 476-9 

" Battle of Manila Bay, The" isong). . . 474-6 

Bellamont, Lady .>Lirgaret de 445, 446 

- Robert de 444. 446 



Bellaniont, liobert Bossu de 444, 446 

Bellows, Pay-Inspector E., of the 5a^/i»iore. 302 

Bellung, King of the Worder 442 

Benevento, Connnander R., of the Spanish 
dispatch boat (ietwral Lezo, 240. 

Beiiiiini;ton. Battle of 44 

Berkeley family, The 449 

Berlin. Vt., the birthplace of George Dewey's 
mother, 53. 

Bernard, King of Italy 446 

Beyrout, Syria, visited by George Dewey, 147; 

revisited by him in 1H86, 188. 
Biddle, (.'aptain-of-Marines W. P., of the Ohjin- 
jna, 301 ; mentioned by Captain Gridley, 329. 
Bloekinger, Lieutenant-Commander G., of the 

Bnltimort', 302. 
Boca Grande, .ALinila, entrance of American 

squadron into, 216, 237, 321, 366. 
Boggs, f'harles S., Rear-Admiral I'. S. X. S3 

— William B., Pay-Director 83 

Bidinao, Philippine Islands, arrival of the 
American squadron at, 247. 

Boston, City of 411 

Navy Yard 313, 317 

United States cruiser, 318, 330; descrii>- 

tion of, 302; tonnage and guns of, 229; otfi- 
cers of. 302. complement of men of, 3l)2; 
sent with the ('uncord to reconnoitre Subic 
Bay, 235, 247 ; retnrns the lire of the Span- 
isii battery on Corregidor Island, 238, 247, 
321; position of, in the line of battle at Ma- 
nila, 216, 247, 332; follows the Olymjna in 
engaging the ('ustiUn and Rt'niit (^hrlstinfi, 
222; temporarily withdraws from action, 331 ; 
signaled to enter the inner harbor, wltli 
others, and destroy all of the Spanish ships, 
226, 227; runs aground twice in trying to 
enter the inner harbor, 262; damage to, dur- 
in;; the eni;agenu'nt, 225, 226, 331, 336; effi- 
cient supidy of ammunition on, 335; teehnical 
accoiuit of service of guns on, 332, 335; lack 
of range-finders on, 332; officers and men of. 
commended by Captain Wildes, 331; officers 
and crew of, warmly commended by Lieu- 
tenant-Commander Norris, 337; bravery of 
<'hinese servants on, 337, 338. 
Bourns, Revereiul Edward, former president of 
Norwich Cniversity, 86. 87: rem.arks (.f a 
former pupil concerning, 87. 
Brady. Assistant Engineer J. R., of the Ru- 

h'i(jh, 306. 
Braunersrenther, Lieutenant W.. of the Bnid- 

i/wrc, 302. 
Brayton, Acting Boatswain IL R., of tlu' Hnlfi- 

motw, 3(t2. 
Briggs, Lieutenant-Commaniler .John B., ex- 
ecutive otticerof the Baltimore, 229; official 
report of. regarding the Balthnort\'i share in 
the Battle oi >Linila Bay, 343-345. 



GENERAL INDEX 



r)41 



British, The, nt Ticonderosa ;!(i 

Broderick, Passed Assistant Sur^eun K. (j., nC 

the (Jimvonl, .30G. 

Brooklyn, N. Y liiS 

Navy A'ard :118, 4I«1 

Brookb/n, The, United States cruiser. .. . 4]-'{ 

The. I'nited States war vessel, ^il-t, -iUJ 

Brown, Assistant Engineer of the ^fiMi.<s!J^J^^, 

176. 
Coniniandrr Allan !>., <>l Xurwirh Tni- 

versity, 8.'i. 
President A. U., 



speaks at the Mont- 

pelier celehratioii of Dewey's victory. -VMi. 
Brownell, Passed Assistant SnrL^efin < '. 1)., of 

the Petnl, -W' . 
Brownini;, ('. H., letter of, rei^ardini: the :ni- 

cestry of <ieor(;e Dewey, 441. 
Brundiy, Klair-I.ientenant l>. M.. of ( 'orinnodnre 

Dewey's sijuadron, 'M)\ highly c niended 

by (.'onnnodore Dewey, 2.52. 

Buchan, second ICarl of . , 44-") 

Bnnce, Kear-Adniiral, remarks of, regarding 

Admiral Dewey, 4ll4-4l)ti. 

Burgoyne, Surrender ot 44 

Burke's " Heraldry," di'seription of tlie Dewey 

arms in, 4."i''t. 

Burlington, X. .1 122 

Vcrnmnt , I'-i 

Burt, Naval ( 'adet Engineer C. P., of the Bul- 

tiinore, ^02. 

Burton, Benjamin 03 

Butler, Ensign H. V., of the Ohim/jla _ . . _ :ill(l 
Byron, Lord, quoted 18 



Cadarso, Captain Luis, of the Spanish cruiser 
Reina Christina, 241); with Admiral .Montojo 
on the hridge during the Battle of Manila 
Bay. 2.'J7, 2.i8; hravery of, 2.')", 2.')8: heroic 
death of, 2.j8, 2112: Admiral Dewey's tril.ute 
to the lu'a\ery of, 43;j. 

<.'agayan Kiver, Philippine Islands ■''ill 

Cairo, Egyjit, visited hy George Dewey in 188ii, 
188. ' " 

Caldwell. Cajitain, of the Essex, takes oft' sick 
and wounded from the disalded Mississ!/ij>i, 
ITiJ. 

Flag-Se<-retary H. H.. "I tlie (Hiimpin. 

•300: volunteers for liattery service, 2."i2: com- 
plimentary mention of, hy C;iptain (Jridley, 
326. 

California. St.ite of ■'■«' 

Calkins, Lieutenant C. G., Navigator of the 
Olnni/nn. 221. 300: skill and judgment of. in 
handling the cruiser. 238: successfully leads 
the American scpiadron into Manila Bay, 
without lights or range marks. 2311; takes 
the Oliimpiii to within 2, ) yards ..f the 



enemy, 226; lii^lil\ i-ommended l.y Columio- 

dore Dewey. 2"i2. 

( 'andiridge. Earl of 444 

Canac.'u) Bay, position ot .Spanish stpiadron in. 

247; hatterles at, sileiiceil liv the Jlfillimnn, 

342. 
<Tiilf of. Spanisli s-piadrnri anihored in. 

28.^ :iil7. 

Capet, HuLdi, : estor ..t lieorge Dewey.. 443 

Caraga, province nl. Philippine Lslands, min- 
erals ill, .-124. 
Carey, Thomas, trial of, on the Wnhiisli . . , 147 

Carpenter, Kear-Adniiral Cliarles C. 83 

Assistant Surgeon I). N., ,il tin- litiltii/li, 

301;. 
Carrier, liehecca. ancestiir of lieorge Dewev, 

448. 4oO. 
Ciistillii, Siiaiiisli cruiser, :!2,'i, 277, 28.'i, 2!i8: 
tonnage and glnis of. 24(t; description of, 
:!(18; con.ph'Uicnt of, 308; had condition of. 
277, 278; |ilaii to jirotcct water-line of, 2.S.-1; 
position ut, ill (he Spanish line at the Battle 
of JLinila Bay, 210, 2.S(i; spirited resistance 
of. 2112; tiri'd by American shells, and aban- 
doned by the S|ialiish. 227, 202; set (Ui lire 
by -Vniericans and sunk. 33.5; attempted aid 
of. by the Wi.« .huni ilc Aiisl, 1,1. ■>'.!-, ; killed 
and wounded on, 202. 
Cavite, .Manila Bay. 104. 108. 210. 2."il. 208. :17I1; 
anchorage at, •)\7: Siianish sipiadron discov- 
ered off, 247; attack on Spanish position at. 
in Battle of Manila Bay, 21."); explosion of 
submarine mines ne'ar. 210: .Spanish hoist 
white Hag at, ;i3.'); evacuation of. by the 
Spanish. 2.'>2; arsenal at, taken possession of 
bv Dewev. 2-"i2; I'"ili]iinos armed fnuii the 
arseli.d at, 2011. 201. 
Cavite arsenal. 200. 21'.l. 240. 273. 274: S|,an- 
ish flag hauled down on. 227. 244; Spanish 
hoist white Hag on, 227, 244, 342. 
Caviti' Point, shore battery at, in action., . 220 

Ccbii. Phili]ipiiic Islands ."i02, .')I7, ."i24, .5.'10 

Cebus, The olO 

r(«^«//i'». The. British man-of-war Iii3 

Cereals, general neglect of, in the Philijipincs, 
.')2!l. 

Charlenia:;nc 443, 446 

Charles. Dukr ..f Lorraine 443 

CbcMii ke liav 115 

('lnekiis:iir. The, liiited States War vessel . 317 
Cliidwiek. j'.nu'.'ii f. 1... of the linUif/l,.- 300 
China. War of. with .lapan. 83: protection of 
American interests in. 104: remarks of 
Dewey on .\nicrican interests in, 418. 410. 
Chinese, cUL'a'.'emcnt with the Lnglisli at Pei-lio, 
83; trade of. 104; bravery of. on the /.'".-'oil, 
at the Battle of Manila liav, :i:i7, 3:)8. 
Christ's Church. Mnntpelier. \'t., where George 
Dewi'V was christened, 24. 4:1. 



542 



GENERAL INDEX 



Civil War, The, 84, 85; George Dewey in, 
171-80. 

Clareniont, X. H * it-t 

Clark, Captain Charles E !'»' 

Joseph .... -!.■):» 

Clarkcsville, Tenn 4:2-1 

Coats-of-arins, remarks on 448 

Cocoa, cultivation of. in the Philippines. . . 530 
Coffee, cultivation of, in the IMiilippines.. . 529 
Coj^hlan, Captain .losi-ph Bullock, of the Rit- 
ieiffk, 22ii, 30(!: hio<;raphical sketch of, 310, 
317; official report of, regarding the i?((/f/;/A'.s 
share in the Battle of JIanila Bay, 345-348; 
congratulates L>e\vcy on liis great victory, 
347, 348; reception of, on his return to New 
York, 317. 

Cold Spring, N. Y 318 

Collins, Seaman, of the Wafmah 167 

CiU'irado, United States steam frigate, 18, 180, 
316, 490, 4in, 41(7, 4it8. 

Colvocoresses, (.'aptain (ieorge JI 84 

Lieutenant-Commander G. P., executive 

officer of the Concord^ 230, 300; official re- 
port of, regarding the Coiicon/'s share in 
the Battle of I\Ianila Bay, 366-70; account 
of the battle sent to Norwich University, 
290; highly commended hy i.'ommander 
Walker, 365. 
Comvn, Alexander de, second Karl of Buchan, 
445, 447. 

Lady Agnes 447 

Ki<'hard, Baron, Chief-Justice of Scot- 
land, 447. 
Concovfl, Ann^rican irunhoat, 193; description 
of, 300; tonnaire and guns of, 230; officers 
of, 300; complement of, 30(!; sent with the 
Bustun to reconnoitre .Suhic Bay, 235, 247; 
position of, in the .American line at the 
Batth' of Manila Bay. 210, 287; returns the 
fire of tlie Spanish huttery on Correiridor 
Island, 216, 306, .307; explodes a shell ap- 
parently exactly inside the hattery, 210, 238; 
exchantres shots with the Spanish shore 
hattery at Manila, 219, 365; shell from, 
proViahly first set on fire the Relnn Christina, 
367; fires on torpedo boats sent to attack the 
Olmi//iin^ .'{07; di'.stroys a Spanish transport. 
365,368; withdraws, 367: resumes the at- 
tack, 308; signaled to enter the inner harbor 
with others and destroy all the Spani.sh 
ships, 220, 227; signaled to join the Petrel 
at Cavite, 369; man«euvre« of, during the 
battle, 307, 308; effectivenjess of fire of, 
368; official reports of its share in the battle, 
362-70; officers and men of, hitrhly praised 
l>y Commander Asa Walker, 305, 300; hii;h 
praise of officers and men of, by Lieutenant- 
Commander Colvocoresses, 369, 370; perfect 
condition of steam department of, 365; am- 



munition expendeil durinix the b:ittlc, 300; 
trirting damage to, 369: sent with the lio- 
ii if]h to counteract German influence .at Isla 
(irande, 209; assisted by the Raid f/h, ca])- 
tures Isla (Jrande and takes 1,300 Spanish 
prisoners, 209. 

Cone, Assistant Engint'er II. I., of the Balti- 
marVf 302. 

Congress, first message to, regarding Pewey, 
375-379: joint resolution of, thanking Dewey 
and his officers and men for the victory at 
Manila, 379, 380; resolution passed by, to 
revive the rank of Admiral for Dewey, 389. 

Connellv, Gunner L. J., of the Baltiimire, 
302.^ 

Consha, Captain J. de la, of the Spanish cruiser 
f)(in Juan (h Austria, 240. 

Constantine, Grand Dnke of Kussia, tendered a 
reception on the WaOutth at Genoa, 1.52. 

the Gre.at 443 

Constantinople, visited by George Dewey, 144; 
facsimile extract from Dewey's log liook, 
written at, 169; Basil, first Emperor of, 443. 

Constellation, The. Unitt-d States practice-shiji, 
314. 

Converse, Commander George A 84 

Copenhagen 405 

Corhin, Lieutenant, of the Waf/ayJi 140 

Corregidor Island, near Manila, 99, 373,428; 
first Spanish shot fired from, 216, 237; bat- 
teries open fire on American squadron, 321 ; 
explosion of Spanish mines near, 428: safely 
passed liy the American stpiadron, 216, 237, 
256; Ailmiral Montojo warned by gun-fire 
from. 287; batteries on, surrender to tlu- 
Bnltimore and the Raltiyh, 252. 

Cotton not a leading production in the Philip- 
pines. 529, 530. 

Crawford, Assistant-Surgeon ]\I. H.. of the 
Boston, 305. 

Cresey family 449 

Cuijler, The, United States vessel 315 

D 

l):tiriipaii, Philippine Ishiiids 517 

I);iltlnuutll Collese 91, 92 

DnviilsDii, Ensign W. C, of the Concord, .306; 

coninianded I'y ('oinniander Walker, 3fJ5. 
Davis. Mrs. .TeflVrson, letter of, reijarfiinir the 

presentation of a tlag to Admiral l>ewey, 

;!!).'), ••Hit!. 

Day, Secretary of .State William K 380 

De Boer. I'rofessor .1. A., speaker at Jlontpelier 

celebration of Dewey's victory, -390, 

Decatnr, .-Vdniiral .Stephen Ifi 

Declaration of Indepeniienre, rcadins of, on the 

Wiilmsli, 1114. 
De I.any, .\ssistant Engineer E. H., of the 

Oh/mpm, :)(II. 



GENERAL INDEX 



543 



Vel Rio, Spanish captain confers with Admiral 
Montojo, 278; onierc*. to cniiceiitrate fon-rs 
and burn stores .an<I coal, 285. 

Department of State ;{80 

Depew, Chainicey M 410 

Denieritt, Reverend John P., ;iT: his recolU'-- 
tiuiis of George Dewey, 67, 08. 

Dewey, Adelbert INF 4i;i; 

Hon. Albert Gallatin ; . . . . 47 1 

Alfred Timothy 472 

Judge Alnion Ralph 471 

Anna 4rili 

Hon. Charles, 202, 300, 412; sketch of 

life of, 4G0-4f)2; becomes trustee of Norwich 
University, 04: letter of George Dewey to, 
426, 427; letter to, from G<^orge Dewey, 4;i5- 
438; notifies George Dewey of resolutions 
passed at Montpelier, '•i\)l. 

Chauncey 472 

Hon. David 47U 

Day exercises in New York city . 4W0 

(.'ajitain Edward, 24, .'JOO; sketch nf, 
462; letter of (icorge Dewey to, 425. 

Kdward Wilkins, discovery of, in the 

British Museum, 450. 

Captain Elijah 44, 470 

— — family. The, origin of name of, 454; 
arms of, 450; motto and crest of, 450; in 
Kent, England, 454; in Bucks < 'ounty, 45tl: 
in Norfolk Countv, 45^^; characteristics of. 
44. 

(ieorge, Admiral V . S. N., parents of, 47 ; 

birth and .-hildbood of, 30-tiO; ante-nutal in- 
rtxiences surrounding, 30-43; marriage of 
parents of. 53; early maternal influences, 
49: early paternal influences, 40; house in 
whiih he was born, 24; ancestors of, 
44, 47: ancestors of, in the Revolutionary 
War, 44; christening of, 43; confirmatiou of, 
49: probable influence of a song on the lite 
of, 57; a sister's tribute to, 50: boyhood of, 
61-78; school days of, 67-77; boyish pranks 
of, 65-77; his love of adventure, 65-67; 
his desire to go to sea, 64: first cruise of, 
62; schoolmates of, at Montpelier, 67-71; 
altercation of, with John P. Demerrit, 37; 
his friendship for the teacher who confjuered 
him, 75; always a leader in youthful sports, 
77; formatifju of character of, 54-60; jire- 
paratory scliooling of, at Johnson (Xrr- 
mont) Academy, 04; becomes a cadet at 
Norwich T'niversity, 04; intended l)y his 
father for the army, 64; school days at Nor- 
wich I'niversity, 04-00; remarks of a fellow- 
cadet regarding, 04-07: preparation of, for 
"West Point, 77; his final appointment to 
Annapolis, 78; notification of appointment 
of, to Annapolis, 07: life of, at the Naval 
Academy. 101-122; first year's studies of, 



1(15, HI6; aptness of. in the study of Prench, 
106; punctuality and neatness of, 11)7; fond- 
ness of, for hooks, 107, 108; anjiition of, to 
excel, 108; daily routine at Annapolis, 108, 
111, 112; entered the Naval Ar-adi-my at a 
rritieal period in national history. 118-121; 
Iiis freijueut discussion-i with cadets from the 
South, 121; is .hallenged to tight a (hiel. 
122: his rlass-stunding, 101-105, 125, 171: 
studies of,duringthe second, third, and fourth 
years, 116, 117; is graduated from the Naval 
Academy, 125; goes to sea as midsliipuian 
on the Wfihds/t, 12S; first shows his colors to 
the Spanish, 131; lands at Gibraltar, 131; the 
l\'nhii.';h placerl in iiuarantine, 131 : salutes 
the English flag, 131; touches at Mars.-illes, 
136; arrives at (ienoa, 130; drops anchor off 
Messina. 140; arrives at Smyrna, 141); visits 
( 'onstantinoiile, 144; visits Beyrout and 
JatTa, 147; touches at Alexandria, 148; par- 
ticipates in a salutation to the English Vice- 
Admiral atValetta, 148, 151; assists in a re- 
ception to the (Jrand Duke Constantine of 
Russia, at (ienoa, 152; visits Leghorn. 156, 
160; lesson taught by the i'ollins incident at 
Spezia, 167, 168: starts f()r home after an 
eighteen months' cruise, 168: extracts in 
fac-simile from log book of, 128. 132, 143: 
log book of, examined l)y ('aptain Harron of 
the \Viifiti.<li, 168; nnh-red back to Annapolis 
lor examination, 171 ; connnissioiied a lieu- 
tenant in the Navy, 171; career of, in the 
Civil War, 17I-80': serves on the Mis.^h- 
sipi>i from lS(il to 1863, 171 ; takes part in the 
capture of port Royal and NewOrh-aiis, 171 : 
spikes the guns and sets fire to the Mhsh- 
.<'/'/ji, 172; with Captain Melancthon Smith, 
the last to leave the burning steamer, 172. 
170: saves the life of a disabled seaman, who 
had jumped overboard from the bnrnihL' 
Mississi/>jii, 172. 175: his own story of the 
.]fiss/s.<ippi incident. 175-ISO: career of, in 
time of peace, 180-103; ordered to the gun- 
boat .l»/cnrrtm, 180: prouKiteil to the rank of 
lieutenant-connnander (1865), 180; becomes 
executive ofHcer of the Kinrsnrt/v, 180; 
stationed ;it Kittery Navy Yard (1867), 180; 
marriage <d, to Susie H. Goodwin, 180. 184; 
s.-rves on the frigate ('olf>ni.lo. 180; detailed 
tor duty at Annapolis (1868), 180: assigned 
to the command of t\K' X'l nut tftinsf ft (1870), 
180; commissiom'dasconimander(I872), 180; 
son born to, 184 ; death of wife of 11872). 184; 
serves on the Pacific Survey (1872-75 i. 1S4; 
becomes lii^hthouse inspector (1876). 184: be- 
<omcs secretary to tin' Li-rhthouse Hoard 
(1877-82). 184: "takes comnnind of the. /h/m'nM 
of the Asiatic squadron (ISS2). 184; illness 
of, at Malta (1883), 187; letter to his sister 



544 



GENERAL INDEX 



reiinnlini; illness, 187; prnniutcd U> a ca]!- 
taiiK\v, 188; t:ikes cuiunnind of the Bolj>!iin, 
]88: in command of the Pinaaci'ltt, 188; 
makes a second i-niise in tlic Mediterranean, 
188: letter to his sister rei:ardini: his second 
Mediterranean ernise, 1S8; visits ( airo, Jt-ru- 
saleni. Hevront, Kjilu-sus, and Athens, 188; 
detailed as ehief ut the Hnreau of Kquipment 
and KecruitiniT (1S88). 188: ai;ain becomes 
m.-ndier uf the Lii^hthonse lloaid (18l.);i-!t5), 
188: transferred to the Hoard of Inspection 
and Survey, 188: heeonies president of the 
Boanl of Inspection and Survey (18;m), 
188; receives his commission as commodore 
(18!H»), 188: urj;ed liy his friends to take a 
crnisi' lor t lie henertt of his health, Ht'2: o[>- 
positiun in \\*jishinj;ton to his assignment 
to the Asiatic stpia^iron, l;t2: assigned to 
command ot the Asiatic squadron (18it7), 
l!t2, 1!KJ; reception of, at Yokohama, IM^i; 
assumes coiiiniand of the Asiatic sijuadron, 
llKj; raises his pennant over the Hagship 
Olyiiipid, I'J'i: acconied a private inter- 
view l»y tiie Emperor and Kmpress of -Japan, 
VX-i: letter to Iiis sister from Yokohama, 193, 
ltl4: entertains on hoard the flagship, 1"J3, 
l'J4, -t-ill, 421; his description of a "tithn" 
(in hoard the Ohjmjnn, liU; on the protection 
of American interests in China, 1H4: esti- 
mate of English and Russian Admirals 
commanding in Asiatic waters, 194, 419; 
eomnients on the increased naval force of 
England, Russia, and (lermany in the 
Orient, 19.*I, 194; concentrates his squadron 
and awaits developments at Hong-Kong, 
19;). 22it; hears at Hong-Kong of the de- 
struction of the hattleship Mnine. 195: 
pn-parationsof. for tin- Mow against Spanish 
]iower in the East. l!Mi-2(H;; jiredicts the fall 
of Spanish power in the IMiilippines, 197. 
108: extracts from a letter to his sister 
sliurtly prior to tlie Hattle of ^lanila Bay, 
197, 198; replyof,t<i I'rinec Henry of Prussia 
with reference to ])rospectivc interference of 
the latter in the Philippines. 209; letter to 
his sister after receiving orders to capture or 
destroy the Spanish fleet, 198: his dijiloniatic 
dealings witli tlie Filipinos. 201, 292; re- 
ceives precautionary dispatches from the 
Navy Ilepartment, 20;j-2(iG; ordered to re- 
tain crew whose terms of enlistment had 
expired. 20.'I; general order to, with refer- 
ence to the Spanish squadron and the Philip- 
pines, 2(14; ordere*! hy Secretary Eontr to 
"kee]) full of coal and provisions." 204; 
jmrchases merchant steamer with -i.OOO tons 
of coal, 205: purchases arms, and equips a 
vessel for supplies, 205; ordered to land all 
woodwork and stores not ahsolutelv neces- 



sary, 20»i; notified tliat war witli Spain had 
lu-iiun, 20tJ; receives liy calde the President's 
proidamation declaring war, 2(»i, 207: ordered 
I.\ Secretary Long to cajiture or destroy the 
Spani>li fleet, 2(H); reipiested hy the Gov- 
ernor of Hong-Koni; to leave the harhor, 
2t)t!: takes his srpiadron to Mirs Bay, 20(», 
231, 255; cahled frcuii Washington to pro- 
ceet! t(» the Philii)i)ines, .'J75, 370; orders 
s<|uadron to start lor the Philippines, 2ti9: 
holds war council on the (fltjiiijjiti, 23(j; plan 
to enter Manila Bay at night, 23(! ; his official 
ae.-ount of the Battle of Manila Bay, 247, 
271: another ai-count hy him of the hattle, 
255, 25(i; his nmdest dispatches after the 
hattle, 208: declined toengaLre shore 1 latteries 
at Manila, thus sjKiring the inhahitants of the 
city, 2l!t: order of, to hegin the action. 221 ; 
nriler of, to open with all guns, 225: directs 
hattle from the roof of pilot-iiouse, 261; nar- 
row escape from a Spanisii shell, 222; frus- 
trates an attempt of Sj)anish gunhoats to 
destroy his supply ships, 2fJl: repulses a 
Spanisii torpedo-hoat sent to attack the 
Olymplo, 321; takes his squadron <»nt of 
range to give his men hreakfast. 220: warns 
the S])anish (jovernor against tirin*: from 
shore hatteries at Manila, 244, 248; signals 
to resume action, 22tJ; orders the Jialtiffky 
Bimton, Cunronl, and I'ctrtl to enter inner 
harhor and rlestroy allot tlie Spanish ships yet 
afloat, 22ti. 227 : takes possession of the arsenal 
at Cavite, 245, 252; policy of, after the hattle, 
403; re(iuest of, not to he ordered home, 211 ; 
hnries Spanish dead, and transfers wounded 
to^Ianila, 245, 370; estahlishes hospitals, 37*i: 
extols the conduct of his personal staff, 252; 
general trihute to his officers and men, 212; 
highly coninu*nds his captains, 251: recom- 
mends that his ctimmanders he advanced ten 
nunihers each, 208: personally commends 
("ajttain Krank Wildes, Assistant Surgeon 
Kinillelierger, (uunier .E ('. Evans. Com- 
mander B. P. Eamherton, Elag-Eieutenant 
Brumhy. Ensign W. P. Sc(ttt, Ensign IE H. 
Caldwell, -E E. Stickney. and Lieutenant C. 
(_i. Calkins. 251. 252; praises the valor of the 
Spanish, 25tl ; figliting force of, 299, 307 ; mag- 
nitude of victory of. 37tJ; position of, with 
reference to other nations after the hattle, 
198, I9!i; confidence of the (Jovernment at 
Washington in, 209; reciuested hy the (iov- 
ernnient to send his general views on Philip- 
pine questions, 211: ct>ntidence of. in the 
honor and integrity of AL'uinaldo, 208. 20t); 
sends the linh'njh and Con corrf to check the 
(Jermans at Isla Ciramle, 209; receives a com- 
munication from Aguinaldo announcing au 
independent Eilipino gtivemment, 210; for- 



GENERAL INDEX 



545 



wards tlie Filipino proclamations to the (Jov- 
emmt-nt at \\'asliint!;ton,'2]0; co-o])erat('s with 
General Menitt in operations at^ainst the 
Spanish, •2W: tieet ol, assists materially in 
the operations against Jlanila, lill; retiec- 
tions of, after the fall ol Manila, :2n, 212; 
remarks of, on the lessons tani^ht Ky tiie vio 
tdvvat Miinila Hay, ^Oo.^tlli ; mi Spaiiisli war- 
material as compared with American, JijfJ; 
on the value of hi<;h-tirade men in the Navy, 
2Go, 2(56; on mms and gunnery, 265; on the 
climate of Manila and the health of his 
officers and men there, 212; is urired iiy 
friends to return to the United States, and 
his wish i.ot to do so, 211 ; ho]ies that 
the Filipino insurrection would disinte- 
ji^rate, -l-Mi. 4-1"; c-arcer of and prospects (if hi^h 
honors at tiie hands of his countrymen, 
21-J; puhlic call lor reeoi^nition of, 375; first 
message to Conjjress regarding, 375-37!J; 
thanks of Congress to, recommended hy 
President McKinley, 379; description of 
sword presented to, -384r-386; a])pointed Act- 
ing Rear-Admiral by the President, 371t; 
promoted to the rank of Uear-Admiral, 208, 
38U: eongratulat<-d hy President McKinley 
and Secretary Long, 390; resolutions of Con- 
gress in honor of, 379, 380 ; grade of Admiral 
revived for, 386, 38H; nominated hy the 
President to he Admiral of the Navy, 3811; 
confirmation of, hy the Senate, 38il; com- 
mission as Admiral signed hy the President 
and Secretary Long, 38H; cahled of his ap- 
pointment and directed to hoist his flag and 
select his uniform, 380. 390; hecomes the 
ranki]ig ollicer in the United States Army 
and Navy, 390; aniiiversary of victory cele- 
brated at Montpelier, 390, 391; complimen- 
tary resolutions hy the Vermont legislature, 
391,392; presentation of silk Hags tn, 392. 
393; receives degrees and medals, 400, 401; 
honored by colleges and learned societies, 
400, 401; proposed monument to, at ^lont- 
pelier, 402; commended hy his associates, 
404-409; preservation of the correspondence 
of, 20; letter of, regarding his assignment 
to the Asiatic association, 411; letter of, to 
Alderman Hihltard of Boston, about ** I)ewey 
Square," 411, 412; letter of, to his brother, 
regarding public appreciation of the vic- 
tory at Manila Bay, 413; letter of condol- 
ence to Mrs. Noss, the wife of a soldier 
killed at Malate, 413, 422; letter from 
Manila to his sister at Montpelier. 414, 
421; remarks of. about his son. (Jeorge 
Goodwin Dewey, 420: letter of, to a little girl, 
423: letter of, to Confederate vcti-rans, 423, 
424; letter regarding Dewey Hail at Nor- 
wich University, 99, 100; prcposed as a 



presidential candidate, 424; answer of, to 
proposal, 426; letter of, to his brother Kdward 
at Montpelier, 42."); b-tter of, to his brotlier 
< harles, 426, 427 ; letter of, t<. the age<l mother 
of Captain Cridlcy, 427, 428; to a comrade 
in the Navy regarding the Battle of Manila 
Bay, 428, 433;'brief sketch ol career of, with 
da(:es, 433, 434; kindreil ol, 434; anecdotes 
of his sister. Mrs. Mary P. (ireeley, regard- 
ing, 434, 439, 440; letter to his brother, 435, 
438; preference of, to lie Adnnral ratiier 
than President, 437, 438; royal ancestry of, 
441, 454; ilescended from the royal families 
of England, Prussia, Fiance, and Italy, 456; 
desceiideil from historic warriors, 443; anec- 
dotes of, 486-500; claimed by seven nations, 
486-490; as a Scotelnnan, 486. 487; as an 
Irishman, 487; as a Swede, 488; as a Ger- 
man, 488, 489; as a Frenchman, 489: as 
an Italian, 489, 490; as a Kussian, 490; 
brief statement of the pedigree of, 446-448; 
brief sketch of the life of, 463; interesting 
stories of , by his naval associates. 497, 498; 
anecdote of, from the S<in /■"riuirisro AV- 
omim i; 490-494: patlietic incident at Manila, 
499,500: characteristics of, 403.404; his re- 
serve and silence,19; remarkable per<'eptibility 
of, 498, 499; his quickness of decision, W, ti7; 
preparedness of, 197 ; tact of, asadi])Iomatand 
administrator, 403, 404; a harndess supersti- 
tion of, 499; social disposition of. 500; popu- 
larity of, in soi-ial life, 500; business skill of, 
205; cool l>ravery and etiiciency of. 272: his 
patience and decision, 403; a strict disciplin- 
arian, 196; an exacting but considerate com- 
mander, 196; kindness to his men, 497, 49S; 
always on the alert to see that his men were 
well provided for, 209: his abhorrence of 
lying, 494-496: his characteristics with ref- 
erence to carrying out instructions. 196; his 
attitude of protection toward women, 122- 
124 : more highly homwcd than any American 
except General (Jraiit. 400: character of 
fame of, 17-19; name stands with Nelson, 
Farragut. and Decatur, 16: his fante simply 
a revelation, 19; exemption from jealousy 
and enmity, 18: merits the universal :\\>- 
proval of his countrymen, 15. 
Dewev, Gei>rge (loodwin. son of Admiral Dewey, 
birth of, r84. 419, 420. 

Hall, Norwich University, description 

of, 100; ceremonies at tiie dedication of, 100 

— lion. Hiram ■*"' 

Hiram Todd -172 

— — - .Alajor Israel Otis 471 

Israel, sketch of 456 

Professor dames K 472 

K,.v. .leriediah, 44; sketch of 456 

Gen. Joel A -^'i 



540 



GENERAL INDEX 



Dewe.v, Hon. Dr. .John -I'S 

Professor .lohn -iT-J 

Cajitain John W -IT.! 

Josiah, ancustor ..I (iforp- DcWfy, iW, 

447, 449. 

Josiah, sketch ol 455, 45fi 

Josiah, Jr 448 

Jnlius Yemans, fatlier of (ieorge Dewey, 

24, 40, 43; home of, 411, 4;i; character of, 
47-411; professional life of, 47, 48; becomes 
trustee of Norwich University, 94. 

Louis JIarinus 473 

Mary Perrin, mother of George Dewey, 

sketch of, 463; character of, 49, 50. 

Professor Jlelvil 471 

Governor Nelson 471 

Rev. Dr. Orvill.- 47i 

Orville C 47-> 

Captain Samuel \V 471 

. Rev. Sanger 472 

. Sherman 4.53 

Simeon 448 

Simeon 4.i!J 

Captain .Simeon 459 

Ensii^n Simeon 44 

Simeon, coat of arms of 454 

sword, finest ever presented by the gov- 
ernment to any officer in tlie Army or Navy, 
381!. 

Lieutenant Theodore (iibbs, sketch of, 

468. 

Thomas, dirci't lineal ancestor of George 

Dewey, 44, 446, 454, 455. 

Thomas, the second 455 

William, 448 ; sketch of 459 

Captain William 47 

Lieutenant William Tarbox, sketch of, 

467. 

William, the second, sketch of . . . . 459 

Rev. Willis C 471 

Diana, Temjilc of, at Ephesus, visited by George 

Dewey. 188. 
Didriit </e MnnUii, account of Battle of JIanila 

Bay in, 296-298. 
DicUi'tnr, The, Tnited .States ironclad . 313, 318 

Dieteric, King 442 

I>ol)rogera, wife of King Dieteric. ... .... 442 

Dodge. Maj.-Gen. Grenville >L, his services at 

.Vtlanta! 85. 
Dod.lridgc, Knsign J. S., of tlie Uofton, 305; 
Spanish shell bursts in the stateroom of, at 
the Battle of Manila Bay, 225. 
Dolphin, dispatch lioat, commanded by George 
Dewey. 1S8. 

Donalbane, King of Scots 445, 447 

Don Antimin tie Vilnn, 219; description and 
crew of. 30it; tonnage and guns of. 240; 
position of. in the Spanish line at the Battle 
of Manila Bay, 286; heroic fij;ht and stub- 



born resistance of, 258, 262, 292; alone 
returns .\merican fire in the second engage- 
ment, 322; attacked by the BnUimore, 342; 
struck by American shell and goes down 
with all her crew behind Sangley Point, 
227, 258, 292, 368. 
Dun Juiin ih Austria, 219, 277, 285; descrip- 
tion and crew of, 308, 309: tonnage and 
guns of, 240; positi(Mi of, in the .Sjjanish line 
at the Battle of Jlanila Bay, 286; goes to 
the aid of the Cnstill'i, 295; fired by Ameri- 
can -shells, 295; explosion of the magazines 
of, 355; destruction of, completed by Lieu- 
tenant Hughes of the Fttrel, 227, 362. 

Dorchester, Mass 454, 455 

Drake, Abigail 456 

Drayton, captain of the Hnrtford 428 

Dublin, Trinity College at 86 

Dunn, Assistant Engineer E. H., of the Con- 
cord, .306. 
Dutton, Lieutenant of JIarines, R. McM., of 

the Boston, :)05. 
Dyer, Captain Nehemiah ^layo, of tlie Bolti- 
miire, 302; biographical sketch of, 314-316; 
promoted for gallant conduct, 315; offi- 
cially commended for saving the life of a 
sailor, 316; official report of the Boltimore's 
share in the Battle of .Manila Bay, 338-343. 

E 
El Correo, Spanish gunboat, 219; description 

and crew of, 310; set on fire and destroyed 

by Lieutenant Hughes, of the Pttrtl, 251, 

362. 
El Eraile, shore lattery at, opens on American 

squadron, 346, 348,366, 367; fire of battery 

on, answered by the Jialtifjh, Concord, and 

Boston, 351. 
Ellicott, Lieutenant J. JL, of the Baltimore, 

302. 
Emperor of Japan accords a private audience to 

Commodore Dewey, llt3. 
Enchanted Lake, The, Philippine Islands. 514 
Engard, Chief Engineer A. C, of the Bidli- 

nwre, 302. 
England, 193; Herabls of, 445; gr.ant of manors 

in, to the I'^arl of Leicester, 444; naval 

force of, in Asiatic waters on Commodore 

Dewey's arrival at Hong-Kong in 1898, 419. 

English, Engineer of the \V<diosli 167 

engagement with the Chinese at Pei-ho, 

83. 
Entwistle, Chief Engineer J., of the Olijmpin, 

301. 

Ephesus, visited by Dewey in 1886 188 

Esmirohlo. Tlie, IJritish steamer 330 

Essix, The, Fuited States man-of-war, at Port 

Hudson, 176, 179. 
Kiiijtnio, The, United States vessel 315 



GENERAL INDEX 



r)47 



Evans, Gunner. I. C, of tin- Bust,,,,, ;;(!,-,; vi.liin- 
tet-rs to remain with Dewey after dnlers ile- 
tacIiiTij; him had arrived, 252. 

Evcrhart, F.nsi},'ii L. H., of the Boftun . . . . 305 



Fairhaiilis, Governor of Vermont .... 87 

Fame, ri-marlis on, 175; of Georo;e Dewev, re- 

niarks on, Iti, 17. 
Farrauut, Admiral David Glasgow, 1(1, 17(i, 21SI, 
315, 317, 3a6, 408, 428. 

Farrand, Confederate (.'ommodore 315 

Fnwn, The, English brig 131 

Fay, Cyrus H , 85 

Fermier, Ensign G. L., of the Pttrel, 307, 3.5'J; 
fires Spanish ships in the inner harlwr at the 
Battle of JIanila B.ay, 355. 
Filipinos, The, 200; position of, prior to ami 
after Dewey's victory, 200-203; sueeess of, 
in their oper.ations again.st the Spani.sli, 201; 
organize a provisional government and de- 
mand recognition from the United .States, 
201; cause of the w.ar of, with tlie I'nited 
States, 202. 
F'iske, Lieutenant B. A., of the Fitnl, 307, 
•352; work of, in fixing range and reporting 
fall of shots at the Battle of Manila Baj^ 
35!); hrings off Spanish tnglioats linjiido 
and Ih^rritUa, 355. 
Fitzwalter, leader of the insurrectionary liarons, 
445. 

Fleet, Spanish 44 

FTetcher, Engineer of the Wabash 167 

Florida, State of 188 

F'ontene, .Marine-Captain of the .IHsslssippi 176 

Ford, Thomas. 447 

F'ort FisiuT, N. ('., (ieorge Dewey particijiates 
in the att.ai'k on, 180. 

Fort Morgaji, Ala 317 

Fort Ticonderoga. See Ticiixdeeoca. 

F'rance, Henry I., King of 44t! 

Francis Saltus, excursion steamer 03 

Francis, Inaster's mate of the .Vississijjjii 170 
Franklin, The, United St.ates frigate 317 



Galloway, Alan. Lord of. 
Lady Helen of . . 



447 
447 



Garces, Spanish colonel of naval artille 
mended liy Admiral Montojo, 2S1. 

Gardwell, .John, letter of Admiral D. 
little daughter of, 422, 423. 

Geljerga, daughter of Louis IV., of 
446. 

General Lrzii, .Spanish gnnhoat. 210, : 
scription and erew of, 310; tonn: 
guns of, 240; Imrned I)y Lieutenant 
of the Petrel, 3li2. 



ind 



ghe 



Genoa, Italy, visited l.y (ieorge Dewey, I.'iiF; 
extrael Irom (;enrge Dewev's log ' hook 
written at, loii; reception 'at, to Grand 
Diiki- Constantine of Russia, 148; cele- 
liratic.n of Washington's l>irthdav at (IS.'jil) 
l.-ii;. ■ ^ '' 

Geori:i:i .jjjg 

Gerjiian interference in the I'liilinpines -'n'l 
404. ' ■ ' 

Germany, 103; general attilud,' of, with refer- 
ence to Spain, l!l!l; attitude of her naval 
officers in Philippine waters, 205; attempted 
interference of, witli the operations of the 
Filipinos against the Spaniards at Isla 
Grande, 200. 
tiermany. Prince lle]iry of, farewell call ..f, 
upon Commodore Dewey at Hong-Kong, 
100; remark of, on that occasion, and tlie 
Conjuiodore's reply, 200. 

Gihlioji, Edward, historian. 44:j 

(Jihraltar, Harhor of, visited by Georo-e Dcwev 
131. 

(iihson. Lieutenant .1., of the Biislim :jO."> 

Gilliert, Baron d' Unifraville 445.447 

Gillies. Rev. Andrew, speaker at the .Mont- 
pelier celel.r.ation of Dewey's victory, 300. 

Girard family 4;,(^ 

William 447 

Gold-shorough, Admiral 4liO-l!P4 

Goiuiwin, Iclialiod, War (Jovernor of New 
Hain|)shire, 180, 1.S3, 184; fits out a regi- 
ment at his own expense, l.S;{, 
(Jooilwi)!, Susie B., 448, 403; lieconu's the wife 
of George Dewey, IfiO; confirmation of, 40; 
death of, KS4. 
Gordon, Mrs. ,lohn B., 305; letter of, regarding 
the presejitation of a fiag to .\dmiral Dewv. 
.307. 
'* (Jovernor (ioodwin" locomotive. ... 1.S4 

Grady, .Mrs. .Iidia Kin^', 305 ; letter of, reu'ar.l- 
ing the presentation of a tlag to .V.hniral 
I lewey. .(07-308. 

(Jrant, .lulia Dent, 302: letter of, regarding the 

presentation of a Hag to Admiral Dewev. 

305, 
(ireat Britain, dependence of, upon her navv, 

HI. 
lire.l.v, Dr. (ieorge Pri'ston, sketch of, 4i;4- 

407. 
(ireeley. Mary P., sketch of, 403; am-edotes of, 

ligarding her lirother. GeorL'c Drwev. 434. 

430. 440. 
Green Mountain Boys .32 

Grei'u .Mountain State ;)!!. 121 

(ireen Moimtains, The 23. -I:! 

(ireeli Islaniis, The, visited hv Dewev ill l8,S(i. 

IS8. 
(.iridley, ( 'aptain Cliarles \'ernon, of llu" 

llli/m/na, 100, 221, 220, 2:t2; biographical 



54S 



GENERAL INDEX 



sketch of, 'Jl-i; official statement of, regard- 
ins tilt- Ohjmpin\^ share in the Battle 
of Manila Buy, ;i2l)-32K; general praise of 
officers and crew by, 320; death of, 31-1; 
letter to nintlier ot, from Admiral Uewev, 
427, 428. 

Gront, Governor of Vermont -3Ul 

Guerra, rimimandfr S. Mon-na, of the Spanish 

dispatch boat Mun^ues del Duero, 240. 
{jutrriert, The, United States steam frigate, 

;J1G. 

Guns, importance of quality of, 265 ; great ef- 
fectiveness of American, 2()7. 

Gunnery, importance of, 2fJ5; value of constant 
practice in, 205. 

H 

Hale, Hon. Eus;ene B., of JIaine, resolution of, 

increasing the numlierof rear-admirals, 380. 

Halifax, N. S 131 

Hall, Passed Assistant Engineer R. T., of the 

I\trtl, 307; high credit given to, by Com- 
mander Wood, 3.59, 3fiO. 
Halstead, Passed Assistant A. S., of the Jifi- 

Uiyh, 3(Hi. 

" Hannibal Crossing the Alps " 4-39 

Hartford, Conn 44() 

Ilartwaker, Prince, son of King Hengst, . . 442 
Havana harbor, 39(1; destruction of the Mnint 

in, 19.5. 

Hawes, Ann 455 

Constant 455 

Richard 455 

Hayward, Ensign G. H., of the Bdltlmure. .302 
Heap, Pa.ssed Assistant Paymaster S. K., of the 

Rnleiffli, 30G. 

Heaton Hospital, Jtontpelier, Vt 28 

Heiscler. Passed Assistant Surgeon P. A., of 

the Bollimore, 302. 
JItlt7tn, United States gunbo.at, position of, in 

the line as reported by Admiral Montojo, 287. 
Henderson, Brevet Brigadier-tiener.al 1.56 

Hengst, .Saxon freebooter and fii'st King of 

Kent, 442, 443. 

Henry I , of I'rance 443, 444 

" Heraldry," Burke's, description of the Dewey 

arms in, 453. 

Herbert I., Count de Verniandois 441! 

H., Count de Vermandois 44fi 

IH., Count de Vermandois 446 

IV., Count de Vermandois 446 

Hercuhs, The, Sjjanish tugboat, brought off by 

Lieutenant Fiske, of the Petrel, 355; turned 

over to the flagshi|), .362. 
Herian, Cajitain .1. de le, of the Spanish cruiser 

/.-Vn ih- Luzon, 240. 

Hero, The, remarks on 17 

Hcxilda, Lady, wife of Baron Comyn. . . 447 
Hibbard, Alderman W. W., receives a letter 



from Admiral I'ewey about "Dewey 
Scpiare," Boston, 411, 412. 

Highland Lights 168 

Hilton, Carpenter I. H., of the Boston. . . . 305 

Hobart College 86 

Hodgsdon, Captain David B., of the Huffh Mc- 

CuUoch, 230; biographical sketch of, 319; 

otticial report of, on the Battle of Manila, 

329, 330. 

Holyoke family, prominence of, in ilassachu- 

setts, 50, 53. 
Hong-Kong, China, 193, 195, 199, 204, 212, 
427; concentration of American Asiatic 
sc]uadron at, 1U5, 229; plans for Battle of 
JIanila made at, 255; governor of, requests 
Commodore Dewey to leave the harbor, 206, 
231 ; cable to, cut by the Zitjiro, 244. 

Horsa, Saxon freebooter. 442 

Hourigan, Lieutenant P. \V., of the Conconl, 
306; commended by Commander Walker, 
365. 
House of Representatives, reception by, of the 
President's message regarding Dewev's vic- 
tory, 379. 
Howard, Lieutenant T. B.,or the CncorJ, .306; 
highly praised liy Connnander Walker, 365. 

Lieutenant Vv. L., of the Boston.. . 305 

Howland, State's Attorney F. A., speaker at 
Jlontpelier celebration of Dewey's victorv, 
391. 
Hugh, the Great, Duke of Burgundy. 444, 446 
Hughes, Lieutenant E. JI., executive officer of 
the Petrel, 230, 307; goes in a whaleboat 
and fires .Spanish .ships in the inner harbor 
at the Biittle of Manila B.ay, 227, 3.52, .355, 
362; gallantry of, particularly commended by 
Commander Wood, 359; official report of, 
regarding the Petrel's share in the battle, 
360-2. 
lluijh McCultoch, The, United States revenue 
cutter, 319, 376 ; joins Dewey's squadron as a 
dispatch boat, 230; preparations on board of, 
329; leading vessel in the reserve squadron, 
329: returns fire of Spanish battery on Cor- 
regidor Island, 247 ; signaled by the Olympla 
to take safer position in passing (!'orregidor 
Island, 237 ; intercepts British mail steamer 
Esmeralda, 330; official report by Captain 
Hodgsdon regarding share of, in the liattle, 
329; officers and crew of, commended l>y 
Captain Hodgsdon, 330; sails for llong- 
Kong with Conmiodore Dewev's dispatches, 
245. 
Hunt, Pay Clerk F. K., of the Concord, com- 
mended by Commander Walker. 363, 366. 
Huse, Prof. Hiram .-V., speaker at the Mont- 
pelier celebration of Dewey's victory, 390. 

Hyde family 450 

Simon 447 



GEXKKA 



I 

niinnis. State of gjU 

IIh.tis. Philii)]iiiR' Islands 5:jo 

Il..iln :,I7 

Inch, (.'hief Em;inoer Rii-hard, of the C^nrunl 

mn. 

/ndtjiendence. The, I'liitt-d Statis rmriviiiT 
ship, 318. 

Ilidi<;o, superior iiuality of, i;rowii in the I'liilip- 
pines, .")2i). 

Inspection, trreat necessity for, i]i tlie Navv, 
iii.S. 

/rent . The, (jernian war ship, interference of, 
with the operations of tlie I'liilippine in- 
snr(£ents at Isla (irande. 2(1!): retires from 
Isla Grande on tln^ ajiproaeh of the /)'...«/..« 
and the Conem-d, 20'J. 

Irish, Robert L .9K 

Irwin, Ensign IT. E., of the Balthnorv. .ioa, 
■Hi: commended liy Lieuten:uit-(_'onnnander 
Knygs. :U.T. 

/sri/jrile, The, ( 'ipiilederate schooner :(I."i 

Jslc tie Ciihii, The, S|janish erniscr, 21!l, 277; 
description ami crew of, :!()!!, ;U0; tonnau'e 
and gnns of, -240: position of, in the.Spanisli 
line at the Battle of JIanila Bay, 28(1: as- 
sists in .savin;; the crew of the Rehw Chris- 
tina, 21(2; becomes Adnjiral Montojo's Ha;;- 
ship, 2SI2: bnrne.l by Lientenant Hughes, of 
the Pitrel, -lil, ,'i(i2. 

Ifhi ih Luzini, Thi', .Spanish cruLser, 2l!l, 277; 
description and crew of, ;jll!», ;ilO: tonn.ige 
and suns of, 24(1; position of, in the Spanish 
line at the Battle of Manila Bay, 28(5; as- 
sists in sayins; the crew of the Reina Cliris- 
tinii, 2112; casualties to, 2!l">; burned bv 
Lieutenant Hnglies, of the Petrel, :5(I2. 

Ida de Mind/'ii'hf, The, Spanish transjioil, 
captain of, arlvised liy .iilmiral Montojo to 
leave ^lanila, H.-irlior before the arrival of 
the .\nierican sipiadron. 28(;: sunk during 
the Battle of .Manila Bay, 28(;. 

Isla (irande, interference of tlie Germans with 
the oi>erations of the Filipino insurgents at, 
209. 

Italy, Bernaril, King of 44(1 

I'epin, King of 44(i 

J 

.labia tribes, rhilijipiiie Islands r,V.) 

.lackman. General .\lon20, instructor of George 

l)ewey in military science, 87-8M; services 

of, during the Civil War. .88; character 

of, 88. 
Jaffa, Asia Minor, Port vf, visited by (Jcorge 

I>ewey, 147. 
James, Assistant Engineer L. .1., of the Bodon, 

305. 



- INDEX .-,4.) 

JiimesI,,,,;,. The, T'nitcd Statics trainin.'-sliin, 

Japan, war of. witli 1 hi, 1:1, 8;t; (ieorge Dewey's 
estimate of, ]!i;;. 4]i;, 417; K„rperor and 
Empress of, ai'cord llewey a private inter- 
view, 1U3. 

Jaroslaus, Grand Duke of Russia 44;j 

Jersey City Evening .bjin-rjal 7 1 

•lerusalem, visited by Dewey in 1885 188 

.b>hnstone. Acting (iunni'r (;. 1)., of the Jiti- 

leitjh, 30(i. 
Jones, Passed .\ssistaut KugineiM- II. W.. of 

the Cotinird. :)(l(i: effectiye work of. ;j(i.-). 
.Iiiilinln, The, Inited States war vessel. . . . 313 

K 

Karney, Xaval Cadet T. .\., of the B,ittii,i„r,, 

'■»>. 
Kavanagh, Ensign A. G., of tlu' Uli/mjiii: :10(I 
Ke<irs(rrr/e, The, I'liitcd States gunboat, 314; 

George Dewey, executive officer of, 180. 
Kelley, .\cting Master .>f (lie Mi.<.<i.vi/jj,i , 17!l 
Kellogg, Lieutenant I'. W.. ..f the Bnltimore, 

31)2. 
Kcllogg-Hubbard Library, .Montlielier, \i., de- 

si'riptiou of, 28. 

Kentucky, State of _ 31(i 

Key West, Fla 128 

Kii.'v, Acting Carpiaitc^r T. V.., of the Raieitjh, 

■■m. 

Kiudleberger, Assistant .Surgeon ('. H.. of the 
t>hfm/)/n, 300; volunteers to remain with 
I)ewey. aftiT orders detaching him had ar- 
rived, 252. 

King John of England 445 

Kiser, Ensign L. A., of the Ci.iirnrd, SOfl; com- 
mended Viy ("'ommander Walker, 3(:.t. 

Kittery Navy Yard, New Hampshire 180 

Knep]ier, Ensign O. .S., of the C'litfttrd. :{()( . 
a<luiirabh' perbirm.'ince of duty as signal 
ofticer, 3fi."i. 
Kobe, Japan, death of Captain Gridlev at, 314, 

427. 
Knhlwein. (yunner L. ^. G., of the Olymjiia, 
301. 

L 
L'lrlcnwjnnn, The, I'nited States steam sloop, 

317. 
Ladd, Ib-nrv (L, eorrcspomlent of the New 
\nvk .biurnal. his account of the Battle of 
JIanila Bay, 2!j(i-2(l.'-). 

Lagoa de Ray 514 

Laguna, I'hilippiin- Islands .'»2."i 

Lake Cliauiplain. ... 32 

Lambert, Elizalicth, 447: arms of 44!i 

family 44!l 

Ilenrv 447 

Robert 447 



b'M 



GENERAL INDEX 



Lambert, Sir Thomas -149 

. Sir William, I.orrl of Owllon Maiicir, 

44.-), 447. 
LaniliiTtoii, Captain Benjamin I'ett'or, Commo- 
dori' Dewev's chief-ol-stafi' at the Battle 
of Manila Bav, 2-21), iH, 3(10, 428: l.io- 
i;ra|ihical sketili ot, 31:J; personallj' com- 
mended by (_'ommodore r>ewey, 252. 
Lander, Brif;adier-General K. W., his services 

in the Civil War, 8.5. 
Lavalette, l''laf;-( )Hicer E. A. !•"., of the Wnbash, 
128, 144, 147, 15.1, Iftli; invited to visit the 
Snltan of Turkey, 144. 

Lea;:ue Island -JIG 

Lee. Mrs. l''itzhni;Ii, .3!)5: letter of, reijardini; 
the j>resentation (tf a tlai; to Admiral L>ewey, 
■.mi). 
Leiihorn. Italv, visited bv (ieort;e Dewev, loH, 
lfi4. 

Leicester, Earl of 444, 44fi 

second earl of 444, 440 

third Earl of 444, 446 

Lenderman, ,Seainan Charles W., commended 
by Lieutenant-Commander Norris, of the 
Boittm, :)38. 
Lepanto, district of, Philippine Islands, rich 
veins of eojiper in, 524. 

Lilley, Susan Elizabeth 4fiO, 4fi3 

Lincoln, Abraham 170, 493 

Livinjjston, Kcpresentativp, of Georj^ia, bill of, 
to revive rank of Admiral to honor Dewey, 
380, 387. 
Lodije, Senator Henry C, .384; resobition of, 
autliorizini; the presentation of a sword to 
Dewev, and medals to his officers and men, 
383, .384. 
Loffan, Mrs. .lohn A., 39.5; letter of, regarding 
the presentation of a ilai^ to Admiral Dewey, 
•390, 397. 
Lo'^book of George Dewey, extracts from, 126, 
128, 132, 143, 1.59, Ifiil: examined by Cap- 
tain Barron of the Wnhash, 168. 
Loni;, Secretary of the Navy .Tohn D., 206,211, 
380, .383; order of, to Dewey to "keep full 
of coal," 204; order of, to Dewey to "(ill 
n]i with jtrovisioiis," 204; order of, to Dewey 
to land all woodwork and stores not abso- 
lutely necessary, 20f); cables congratulations 
to liewey, 39(i; lett<'r of, to Dewey, 383; 
signs commission of Dewey as Admiral, 389. 
Long, Pay Clerk W. M., complimentary men- 
tion of, l>y Captain Gridley, 320. 

Lothar I., King of the Krancs 442 

Luzon, Islan<l of, 234, 255; religious control in, 
520. 

Lyman, .\licia 447 

— familv, arms of 449 

Ilcpzibah 446, 447, 455 

Henry ot Navistokc 447 



Lyman, Henry of High Ongar 445, 447 

.lohn 447 

Lambert-O.sliorne familv, arms of 449 

Mariiarct " 447 

Kichard 446, 447, 449 

Kobert 447 

Sarah 447 

Thomas 445 

M 

MacDonalil, W., carpenter, of the Ohjiiipin. .301 
,)A/r'( (/r.H/«,Thc, Fniteil States sloop-of-war. 139 

Jlactan, Philippine Islands 502 

Magellan, I'erdinand, enters the service of 
Charles V. of Spain, .502; discovers the Phil- 
ippines, 501; desperate tiu'lit with the nat- 
ives, 502, 505; death of, 505. 

Magna Charta 445 

Mahomet ' 147 

Maine, I'nited States battleship, 396; destruc- 
tion of, and its effect on the American peo- 
ple, 195. 
Malatc, Philippine Islands. 274; battery at. 248 
Malta, illness <if (ienrge Dewey in the naval 
hospital at, 187, 188; remarks of Dewey con- 
cerning, 188. 

.l/./H-i..»(.--, The, Confeileratc ram .396, 397 

Manila Bay, 108, 192, 198, 200, 514; arrival of 
Commorlore Dewey at, 216. 

Battle 'of, 99, 208, 212; plans 

for, laid in Hona-Kong harbor, 2.55; be- 
ginning of, 219, 330; action opened by the 
battery on Point Sangley, 2S8 ; Dewey's 
order to begin tiring, '221 : order of Dewey 
to ojjen with all guns, 225 ; watchword of 
Americans, 220 ; varying ranges at which 
American squadron fought, 247 ; American 
squadron withdraws for breakfast, 226 ; 
American squadron returns to the attack, 
331, 335; continuous fire by the shore bat- 
teries at Manila, 248; tiovernor-General of 
Manila warned liy Dewey to cease tiriUL' un- 
der pain of bomliardment, 248 ; expbision 
of submarine mines, 262. .321 ; attempt of 
the Spanish to torpedo the Olym/iiii, 248, 
2.58; terrific fire during the first engage- 
ment, 267 ; destruction of Sjianish vessels, 
226, 227. 248. 251, 262, 270, 291-295 ; Spanish 
forts and liatteries silenced, 3:i5 ; hauling 
down of Spanish flag on Cavite arsenal, 227 ; 
hoisting of white flag on Cavite arsenal, 
227 ; erroneous impression that the battle 
was not haril fought, 256, 257 ; a fiercely 
contested but short straggle, 256 ; bravery 
and stubbornness of the Spanish defense, 
216 ; visrorous but ineftictive fire by the 
Spani.sh, 248 ; end of the enga^'enient. 248, 
251 : loss of the Spanish in dead and 
wounded, 215 ; no casualties and trifling loss 



GENERAL INDEX 



551 



to the Americans, 216 ; Commodore Dewey's 
own report of, -2-17-255 ; otticial statements of 
comniandini; and executive officers ri' yarding, 
:ail-:)7l); Captain Charles V. Gridlev's re- 
jjort of tlie Oli/inphi's share in tile, :i2b-32'j ; 
official report of the Bulllmnn'ii sliare in 
the, :i:i8-:i45 ; official report of tlie Il„gti„i's 
sliare in the, :j30, ;i:il ; official rc]port of the 
Riihirjh's share in the, :j45-:i4S ; official re- 
jiorts of the Cuncoj-r/'x share in tlic. ;ili2-37(l ; 
official reports of the Petrel's share in the, 
348-370; official report of the Mrrulliich's 
share ill the, 32!), 330; as viewed hy I'nited 
States ( oiisul Williams, 2t!()-272 ; as re- 
ported hy J. L. Stickney, an ex-naval otticer, 
Ctunmoilore L>ewey's aid and also corre- 
spondent ol the New Vork Herald, 214-245 ; 
Admiral Montojo's official report of the. 273- 
21IU ; comparison of forces enf;a!;ed, 21111-313 ; 
.Spanish comments on, 2yCi-2i)8 ; the onlv 
finish titjht hetween modern war vessels, 271 ; 
maijnitiide of the American victory, 37fi ; 
the greatest naval victory in history, 43 ; 
map of the world ehansed by victory, 43 ; 
lessons from the American victory, 2tJ5, 
2t5ij ; moral effect of the victory, 3711 ; eele- 
lirated in song and verse, 391]. 400; anniver- 
sary of, to become a legal holiday in certain 
States, 3fln. 
Manila, City of, 101, 1!)7, 20fi, 298, 517 ; descrip- 
tion of, 523; harbor of, 99, 517; popnktion 
of, 517, 518: lights of, sighted liy American 
scpiadroii, 238; batteries at. 248: batteries at, 
open fire on the American stpiadron. 288, 
321, :i:in, 3:!8; Lunetta battery at, opens tire, 
34(>: battery at, fires upon the Cnnniri/, :)67; 
fire of liatteries at. produces no impression 
on American squadron. 297; <roveriior-(ien- 
eral of, warned by Ilewey to cease firing 
from the shore batteries at, 248; inhabitants 
of, flee to the outskirts, 297; liomliardment 
of, prevented, 248; Governor of, refuses to 
allow cable ojierat^irs to transmit < 'ommodore 
Dewey's dispatches. 244; cable from, to 
Hong-Kong, cut by the Znjin:. 244. 

• hemp ... 528 

Manih, The, Sjianisli tran.sport. 2112. 2i!4 ; tnws 
the ('(istillti from I'ort Subie to Manila. 285 ; 
sent to the lioads of Bacoor. 280 ; captured 
by the American squadron at the liaftle of 
Manila Bay, 227, 241 ; lirought out by Lieu- 
tenant Fiske and Engineer Hall of the7'( tn /, 
355 ; becomes a prize to the American S(piarl- 
ron, 255. 

Mare Island Navy Yard 318 

Mfiripies del Dturii. The. .Sjianish dis[ia1fli-Iio;it. 
219, 277; description and crew of. :{jii, :ill ; 
tonnage and guns of, 240: pr>sition oi. in 
the Spanish line at the Battle of Manila 



Ba 

a. 



280 ; assists in saving crew of the 
I rlirhfini:, 292; set on fire and de- 



stroyed by Lieutenant Hughes of the iVdv/, 
227, 302 ; casualties on, 295, 
Marseilles, France, visited by (icorge Dewey. 130 
Marshall. Assistant Kngineer .1. V., .Ir.. "of the 

Ohjiiijiiii, .3111. 
M.arsteller. Suru-eon i;. H.. of the llnh;,,h. :!00 
Martin, I'.iymaster .1. U., of the linslini. M\h; 
serves coffee during the Battle of .Manila 
Bay, 201. 

M.assachusetts, State of :ii7 

Colony 4ji; 

Matilda. Countess of .\ngus 447 

-1/(7 (///owe;-. The. American slii)i IGO 

McC.rniack, Knsigii ,M. ,1., „f the liallimmr, 

302. 
McCormick Lieutenant (junior grade) ('. M., 
connuended by Commander Asa Walker, of 
the C'lnriu-d^ 305. 
McCiinmiijh. //iir,li, The, American revenue 

cutter. See Hri:ii JIcCi i.i.dcir. 
McKinley, I'resideiit William, 192; assigns 
Commodore Dewey to the Asiatic squadron 
at the re(piest ol Senator liedfiidd I'mctor, 
192, 19:i; iiroclaniation of, ib^elaring war 
against Spain, 200-208; first message of. to 
Conirress rcL'arding Dewey. 375-:i79: recom- 
mends thanks of Congress to Dewey. 379; 
sends message thanking the olHeers ami luen 
of Dewey's sipiadron for the yict<»ry at 
Manila Bay. 379: promotes ('niiimodore 
Dewey to the rank of Hi'ar-.Vdniiral, :I80: 
signs the bill reliving the rank of .Admiral, 
389: sends to the Senate the nondnalic.n ..f 
Hear-Adlniral Dewey as Admiral, ;I89; signs 
commission of Dewey as .Xdmira) of the 
Navy, 389: cables eongratiilations to .\d- 
niiral Dewey, 3iiO; cablegram to Admiral 
Dewey on the first anniversary of the Battle 
of Manila Bay, 400; remarks on magnitude 
of the victory at Manila Bay, 37(i. 
McNair. liear-.Vdmiral. relieved by Dewey as 

commamb-rot the .\si;itic .squ:idron. ]!t:t. 
Jlead, l.arkin (L. sculptor oi the Kthan Allen 
statue at .Montpelier, 30. 

Alead. Willi;ini l{ 80 

Mediterranean Sea, 18, 128, 131; (Jeorge l>ew- 
ey's first cruise in the, 128; his secomi 
cruise in the, bS8. 
Merritt. Alajor-Ceueral Wc'sley, arrival of, in 
the IMiilippiues. 210: co-openitioM of Ad- 
miral Dewey with. 210. 
Jlessiua. Italy, visited by George Dewey . 140 

Mexican War '. SO, 84. 85 

Michigan. State of 314 

Middlel.urv. Vt 53 

Millent. Karl of 444 

Miller, Mehitable 448, 4.-iO 



552 



GEXERAL INDEX 



Jlilruy, Major-fieneral Robert, services of, in 
the Mexican and Civil wars, 84, 80. 

Mindanao, Islami of. r.U, 517: visited by 
Maircllan, 5(Hi. 

^lirrur [-ake,VennoMt, 'i8; pnrity of waterof, 38. 

Mirs Bay, China, rendezvous of the American 
sijuadron after U-avinj: Honi^-Kont;, 208, 231, 
255; departure of tiie American sijuadron 
from. 282. 

J/tV-jfs.sv/j/j?, Tile, I'nited States war vessel, at 
Port Hudson, in tlie Civil War, 172, 423; 
attempt of, to run tlie Confederate batteries, 
172-180; loses its bearings and runs aground, 
17*2, 17G; rapit! i;un tire on, 172, 17tJ; destruc- 
tion of, 172-171* ; estimate of casualties to, 
at Port Hudson, 180; service of George 
Uewev on, 171-80. 

Mobile Hay 219, 317 

Mi'liinni, The, United States war vessel. . . 313 

Moluccas, The 502 

,J/(>Hf(//«<K'i-,The, I'liited States ironclad . 317 

M(inuciirij,T\\e, I'nited States war vessel, officers 
and men of, transferred to Commodore Dew- 
ey's squadron, 230. 

MuiwiK/tiheln, The, United States war vessel, 
17»;,'314, 31G. 

Montijomery, Knsit^n W. S., of the Petrtl, 
307; services of, i!i ehariie of sij;nals and in 
observing the fall of shots at the Battle of 
Manila Bay, 35!b 

Montojo. Admiral of the Spanish squadron at 
the Battle of Manila Bay, 219, 240; order 
of, to the commandant of the arsenal at 
Cavite, 273, 274; list and characteristics of 
ships under command of, 240, 241; squadron 
of, for the defense of Port Subic, 277; leaves 
Manila for Port Subic, 277, 278; confers 
with Captain I>el Hio, 278; convenes council 
of captains. 2!^ri ; decides to meet the Ameri- 
can squadron at Manila ratherthan at Suldc, 
285; returns from Subic to Manila, 285; 
plan of, to protect Manila, 285; decides to 
take position in the Bay of Canacao, 285; 
orders Commandant Del Rio to concentrate 
his forces at (.'avitt* Arsenal, 285; jdan of, 
to protect the water line of the Costilla, 285; 
hears of the departure of Commodore Dewey 
from Mirs Bay, 282; advises the captain of 
the Spanish mail steamer /sin <Jr Mindanao 
to leave Manila Bay, prior to tlie arrival of 
the American s<piadron, 280-287: orders of, 
prior to the battle, 287: preparations for the 
battle, 287; signals to prepare for action, 
287; warned by trun fire at Corregidor Is- 
land, 287; sii;nals to open fire on the Amer- 
ican squadron, 288: directs the earlier por- 
tion ()f the enjiatrenient from the bridtje of 
the Rtina Christina, 257, 258; orders the 
Jttinn Christina to be abandoned and sunk, 



292; abandons the Rtina Christina and 
transfers his pennant to the Isla dt Culm, 
258, 292; irives orders about burnipi^ stores 
aui! coal, 285: orders vessels to sink before 
surrenderiui;, 295; preparations <d", to sink 
vessels, 295 ; his own version of the battle, 
273-29(i; hij»;hly commends the othcers and 
men of his squadron, 295; personal bravery 
of, 257, 258; Admiral Dewey's tribute to 
the bravery of, 428-433 ; courteous response to 
Dewey's letter, expressing admiration, 433; 
retires, wounded, to the Convent Santo l)o- 
niini^o de Ignite, 295. 

Muntpidier, Wrmont, 42t); location of, 22; 
description of, 22, 32 ; population of, 22 ; 
statue of Ethan Allen at, 22 ; birthplace of 
George Dewey, 22 ; State-House at, 22. 31, 
32, 35 : State Street in, 23 ; house in which 
George Dewey wasliorn, 24 ; Christ's Church 
at, 24; Kellogg-Hubbard Library at. 28; 
Heaton Hospital at, 28; Seminary at, 28; 
"National Life" building at, 28; reso- 
lution of citizens of, coniiratnlatini: Dewey 
and his ofhcers and men on the victory at 
Manila Bay, 391 ; celebration of the victory 
at, 22. 390, 391. 

Moody, Representative, of Massachusetts, meas- 
ure of, reviving the othce of Admiral to 
honor Dewey, 389. 

Morgan, Lieutenant C. B., of the Rah if/h . 306 

■ — - Lieutenant G. S., of the Olympia . . 300 

N 

Nagasaki, Japan, 194; arrival of Commodore 
I)ewey at, 415; rendezvous of the Asiatic 
squadron when Commodore Dewey took 
command, 193. 
Xnnshan, The, merchant steamer, bouulit by 
Dewey for a supply ship. 205. 230; pcisitior. 
of, during the Battle of Manila Bay. 287. 

Naples. King of .".... 1G3 

Napoleon L, Fete of Ifl4 

Napoleon, Prince, sainted by the Wabash, 155, 

15fj. 
Xarraf/ansttt, The, United States vessel. 184 
Naval Academy, at Annapolis, The, (14, 313,. 
314, 317, 310; entrance of George Dexvey 
at (1854), 101; requirements for admission 
to. 101-105; studies during the first year. 105, 
lOfJ ; treatment of first-year men at, lOfi; 
daily routine of the cadets at, 111, 1 12; fun 
and recreation at, 112. 115 ; studies at, dur- 
the second, third, and fourth years, llti, 117 ; 
sentiment at, regarding lying, 117, 118; 
effect of its trainin<r iij)on naval officers. 108. 
Navy Department, The, precautionary orders of, 
toConiniodore Dewey. just jiriorto the Battle 
of Manila liay, 203-200. 



GENERAL INDEX 



553 



X:ivv. United States, The, e]ie:\|i men nut wunti-il 
in. 2li'i ; value ot hiiih-^raiie men in tin-, 
i{;."). -iiiii. 

Xeiiritos olH 

Nelson, Admiral 16, 397, 4(15 

H. L., triliute of, to Admiral Dewey, 

son. 

Lieutenant V. S., of the Oliinqiin . . 300 

New Alliany, Ind -t^-i 

Newlinrviiort, Mass 1!*0 

New England -^1'^ 

New Hampshire 180, 183, 318 

New .lersey Historical Society makes Ad- 
miral Dewey an honorary memlier, and pre- 
sents him with the Wa5hini;ton t'entennial 
medal, 401. 
New Orleans, La., 306; (".eorse Dewey's part in 

the eajitnre of, 171-180. 
Newport, li. I., Idrth of Admiral Dewey's son 
and death of his wife at, 184; torpedo school 
at, 317. 

New York Citv 131 

'state 319 

Xfir }')/■((■. The, Tnited States cruiser 413 

Norcott, E. J., Acting Boatswain of the Ohim/ii", 
301. 

Norfolk Navv Yard 314,318 

Ralph <le W'aer, Earl of 444 

Normandy, \Viniam of -114 

Norris, Lieutenant-Commander .J. A., ex- 
ecntive oHicer of the Bnfl,:ii. i^'J, 305; 
oftieial report of, ret'ardins; the Huston's 
sliare in the Battle of Manila Bay, 332- 
338. 

North Atlantic station 318 

Northfield, Vermont, Norwich University re- 
moved to, 8(1. 
Norwich I'niversity. 64: removal of, to North- 
field, Vernumt,' 80; domain of (1850-00), 
80; description of, 79-04; former opportuni- 
ties of, for a complete education, 93, 04: once 
a rival of the National Jlilitary Acadeniy at 
West Point, 80; remarks of OcneralW. T. 
Sherman, regarding, 80 ; visits of students of, 
to KortTiconderoga, 93; cadetship of George 
Dewey at, 94^99; feuds between cadets of, 
and the students of Dartmouth College, 
90-92 : how the Government O-inuinders w.-re 
drawn to quarters at, 07-09; its cpiota of 
jiost-cadets and officers in the Army and 
Navv, 80-85: alumni associations of, in 
New' York and Boston, 85, 86: account 
of the Battle of M.anila Bay judilishcd in 
the Reveille at, 296-298: plan to erec't an 
addition to, to he called Dewey Hidl, »»; 
confers the degree of Jlaster of .Military 
Science ujion Admiral Dewey, 83. 
Nunez, Lieutenant Jose, highly commended by 
Admiral Montojo, 288, 201 



Ohi.., State of .310 

"did Glory" 198 

Uliva, .\. .M. de. Captain of the Spanish crniscr 

Ciistillii, 240. 
Oliver, Professor, of [the I'nited States Naval 

Acadeniy, 384. 
Olijm/ilii, flu', I'nited Stales cruiser, 160, 212, 
214, 231, 234, 237, 314, 376, 427 ; Comnuxlore 
Dewey's Hagship, 193; description of, 300; 
musical program at luncheon on hoard of, 
195 ; toimaue and guns of, 229 ; officers of, 
300, 301 : complement of, 301 ; lack of offi- 
cers for tile hatteries of, 252 ; council of war 
on, jlist liefore reaclung Manila, 230; passes 
through Boca Grande, 321 ; safely passes 
Corregidor Island, 21li, 237; signals the 
.McCuUm'li to take safer position in jiassing 
Corregidor Island, 237 ; preparations for 
hattle on, 322; jirotcction of anmiunition 
hoists on, 234 ; crew called to general cpiar- 
ters on, 320; ready to begin action. 320; 
leads the colunm in the first attack, 321 ; |io- 
sition of, in the American line. 216 ; prin- 
cijial target for the Spanish at the opening 
of the engagement, 225 ; impatience of crew 
of, to return the Spanish lire, with all l'uhs, 
222 ; close call of, from S])anish shell. 222 ; 
effect of bursting shell as seen fr..m the 
bridge of, 243, 244; threatened by Spanish 
torpedo boats, 248. 258, 321; destruction of 
torpeib> boats by. 2.58; range of tire of. dur- 
ing the battle, 321 ; how range was obtained 
on, 329 ; battery of, concentrated on the 
Reim Cliristinn', 248, 257 ; rakes the Urhin 
Cliristiim fore and aft with an S-incll shell, 
322 ; detailed accmnit of the work of (he gnus 
and batteries on, 325. .326 ; danul;;es to. :)22; 
struck thirteen times, 2.57. 265 ; no casualties 
on, 32(! ; stidicrs overcome liy heat on, 374. 
Oiuiiln, The, United States steam sloop. . . 314 

Onion River, Vt ■"' 

Ordennes, Captain, Cmnmandante General, sec- 
ond in cMumand of the Spanish s.piadron, 240 
Oreiim, The, United States battleship 10" 

Orient, Tlie, 193; Connnodore Dewey on the 
increase of naval force in, by Englalnl and 
Itussia. 417, 418. 

""■ton, Sarah ^* 

Osborne family . '"•'" 

— - Sarah, arms of ™' 

a.-..7/<i I, Tlie. United States war vessel. . 316 
O'Snllivan, T. C, speaker at the Montpelier 
celebration of Dewey's victory. 390. 

Rever.ud I'.ifher. s|ieak.-r at llie Mont- 

pidicr celebration of Dewey's victory. 301, 

392. . . , 

Otis, Major-tien.ral KIwell S.. opnnoii of, re- 
garding llu' l-iliidno insurrection, 20:t. 



554 



GENERAL INDEX 



( )iitr('nit'r, Louis d' -i-i-i 

Uwltun iManur . -l-lj 

p 

Pa^e, Passed Assistant Surgeon .1. K., of the 
Olympin, liOO. 

Pai^sanaii, Pliiliiipiiie Islands 525 

Paine, Lieutenant-Commander S. <'., of the 

Olymjiin, -iW. 
Pani^liorn, Jlajor '/.. K., tfachcr of (Jcorite 
Dewey, 28 ; howheconqufred (ieorgL- L>ewey, 
71-75'. 

l':ii;inai[U«.', Philippine Islands '274 

I'aris, Tr.-iity <>f 202 

Partliian nionarchs -l-i-J 

Partridge, ('apt:iin Alden, founfier of Xorwieh 

University, 70, 80. 
Pasij; River, Philippine Islands, 42, 51-1 ; hattery 
at the entrance of, 248. 

Pauldinj;, Rear-Admiral Hiram 83 

Pii,r,u-v, The, United States vesst^l 316 

Pei-ho, China, enyatjenient between the En^;- 
lish and Chinese at, 83. 

River. China 413 

Pekini.', China 413 

Pennsylvania, State of 313, 3US 

Penmcoia, The, United States war vessel, eoui- 

manded hy Georrre Dt'Wey, 188, 317. 
Perrin, Mary, mother of George Dewey, 53, 
448; sketch of, 4(j0. 

Zachariah, grandfather of George 

Dewey, 53. 

Perry, Commodore 31Mj, 408 

Pi't'Sfrtrnnre, Tlie, English troop ship. . . . 148 
Ptlrd, The, United States j;unl,oat, 11)3, 310, 
376; description of, 307; toiniageand j;unsof, 
230,307: officers of, 307; com]iiement of, 30"; 
i,'rn(hi;illv cleared lor action at the Battle of 
M:inil:i Hav,3fi0, 311'; position of, in American 
line, 2U!, 247, 203, 348 ; passes Boea Grande, 
348 ; sijrnaled to prepare for action, 351 ; first 
shot fired iiy, 3f;l ; ixreat-irun fire of. directed 
at the Ri'inn Christino and the Castilhi, 
351; fires upon Spanish torpedo lioats, 351, 
352; withdraws temjior.-irily from action, 
352; signaled to enter the inner harlior with 
others and destroy all the Spanish ships. 220, 
227, 352; moves to within 1,000 yards of the 
enemy, 227 ; directs its fire against the Don 
Aiitoniff fie Ullon, 352 ; respects the Geneva 
Cross fla'4, 352; hold exploit of, 202; com- 
pletes the destriK'tion of all the snmll Sjjan- 
ish gunhoats, 251 ; signals the surrender of 
the Spanish, 352; returns to the squadron, 
355; is heartily cheered for effeetive work in 
the inner harbor, 244 ; manteuvres of, during 
the battle, 351-355 : technical account of the 
working of the guns on, 350 ; excellent action 



of annnunition on, 356 ; amount of ammuni- 
tion expended on, 351, 361 ; excellent conduct 
of ofheers and men, 350, 361, 302 ; efficient 
work of the engines of, 359, 360. 

Phelps, Anna 448, 459 

Philippine Archipelago 28 

Philippine Islands, The, 198, 109, 200, 204, 206, 
211; situation of, 506: discovery of, by 
jMagellan, 501; extent of, 500; number of, 
506; area of, 509; area of, as compared with 
sevei'al of the United States, 506, 509; his- 
tory of, 501-506; climateof, 509. 532; state- 
ment of United States Consul Williams 
regarding the climate of, 532, 533 (foot- 
note)'^ excessive humidity in, 500 (J'ootnott ); 
seasons of, 509 ; surface and drainage of, 
506 ; mountains andvoh-anoes of, 510 ; earth- 
quakes in, 51(1; structure of houses in, 510 ; 
■waters of, 513, 514, 517 ; minerals of, 524, 
525; mineral waters of, 525; inhabitants of, 
517-520; population of, 517; cleverness of 
natives of, 520 ; Chinese in, 517, 518 ; com- 
merce of, 520; railroads and telegraph lines 
in, 517 ; many harbors of, closed to foreign 
eonunerce, 517 ; education in. 520, 523 ; re- 
ligious orders in, 520 ; eharai-ti-r of the news- 
papers in, 523 ; vegetalde products of, 525- 
30 ; lumber and conmiercial woods of, 
530, 531 ; plants of, 531 ; trouldesome in- 
sects in, 533, 534; wild animals of, 537; 
reptiles and serpents of, 534 ; j)oIicy of 
Spain in, 537; treatment of the natives Jiy 
Spain, 505; Dutch, Enirlish, and Chinese 
marauders in, 500 ; ( 'hinese rebellion in, 
506; attacks of the Dutch upon. 500 ; I'iiilq. 
II. the tirst to establish Spaiiish authority 
over, 505 ; expeditions sent to, by Spain, 505 ; 
firm grip kept by Spain upon, 506 ; predic- 
tion of Admiral Dewey regarding Spanish 
reign in, 197 ; capal)le of great development, 
523,524; possibilities for agricultural pur- 
suits in, 526; possiliilities under Anu-riean 
rule, 538; hope for un<Ier Anu-rican sovt-r- 
eignty, 538; "the gateways of the day." 
538 ; arrival of General Wesley iMerritt in, 
210; Governor-General of, 210 ; corresjiond- 
encc of (iovenior-Geiieral of, with Dewey 
and Merritt, 210, 211 ; extension of Ameri- 
can sovereignty in, 202. 

Philiji II. of Spain, first to establish sovereignty 
over the Philijqdnes, 505 ; Philippines named 
after, 538. 

Phienirian iralleys, representation of, on the 
D.wev sword, 386. 

Pi.kerinu' familv 449 

Phmkett, Lieutenant C. P., of the Petrel, 307; 
work of, commended by Commander Wood, 
350. 

Point Sangley. See Sam.i.kv Point. 



GENERAL INDEX 



555 



Port Hudson, 423, 424 : attempt tc. niii tli.' ( '.m- 

fedcratf batti'i-its at, 172, 1.N2. 
Port Roval, Gfc.rj;e Dewey takrs pail in the 

capture ot, 171. 

Port ^mou til Navy Yard ;{i;{, ;[|.S 

Portsnicmlh, Xew Hampshire 180, 184 

Portsmiiiith, The, United .states saililii; sl<.np, 

31(1. 

Potonme, .\nny of S."i, '.\\o 

Price, Medical Inspector A. V., ol tlle Oli/m/jin, 

.300. 
Price, Assistant En;;ineer H. li., of the /;.////- 

movcj 302. 
Proctor, Senator Redfield, personally reiiiiests 

of President .McKinley that ( 'onimo<lore 

Hewey be assigned to the Asiatic sipiadrcm, 

102. 

Provincetown, Jlass 314 

Prussia ]{;;i 

.'Vune of 44(j 

Minister of, visits the U'riAn.s*. . . Iii3 

Pynchon, Nicholas 53 

Q 

Quay, Senator Matthew Stanley, proposal of, 
authorizing the presentation of a jeweled 
sword to .\diTiiral Dewey, 383. 

Quincey, Lady Klizaheth de 44'i, 447 

Sahcr de 44."i, 4411 

Qiilroi, The, Spanish gunhoat, description and 
crew of, 310. 

R 

Ralci;ih, The, United States cruiser, 193, 316, 
370 ; description of, 30.D, 300 ; tonnage and 
guns of, 230 ; officers of, 30IJ ; <'oniplenient 
of, 300 ; position of, in the American line 
at tlie Battle of Manila Bay, 210 ; answers 
the Spanish liattery at El Fraile, 34(i ; fires 
the first .'Vmerican sliot in the Philipjiines, 
210, 238; ojiens tire with all guns, 347: 
attacks the Dun Anfmiin f/e I'lh'tt, 347: 
signaled to enter the inner harbor, with 
others, and destroy all of the Spanish ships, 
220, 227 : atteni]>t of, to destroy enemy's 
vessels, 347; mana-uvres of, duringthel'attle, 
340, 347; damage to, from Spanish shot, 
347: official report of its share in the battle, 
34.J, 348 : officers and crew of, coniiuended 
by Captain Coghlan, 347; assists the Kulli- 
more to destroy six batteries at the entrance 
to Manila Bay, 24."); sent by .\dniiral Di'wey 
to cheek the (iermans .at Isla (irande, 2011: 
with the assistance of the Coiii-nnl captures 
Isla Grande, and takes 1,300 Spanisli prison- 
ers. 200; return of. to the United States. 
310. 317. 

Rand, Charles T., anecdote of, regarding 
George Dewi'V, 4;i8. 



Kandall. Clii,.| lOngini'rT, of Ww Ihujh M.-Cnl- 
/'"■//, dies wliile inlering .Manila lia\,237, 
2:1S, 
Kans(.Lu, Chief Kngineer (i. li., of the Hnslnn, 
305; effc-ctiveness of the sti'ani-departnient 
under, on tin- Vimnn-f!, :J05. 

Brevet Major-tieneral Thomas K. (4., 

estimate of, by (irant ami Shi'rrnan, M4. 
Truman H., president of Nurwi.h Uni- 
versity, 80, 84. 
Jl^ijiiihi. The, Sjianish tugboat, bnaeght ..If by 
Lieutenant fiske of the /'. IrrI, at the Battle 
of Manila Bay, 355; turned over to the flag- 
ship OUjiitphi, 302. 

Rebellion, War of the 118 

rtees, Lieutenant Corwiii P., executive officer 

of the l)i,/m/i;,,. 220, 221, 22!), :iOO. 
RiiuQ i'hri^tiii<t/\'\u'j .Vdmiral Muntojo's flag- 
ship at the Battle of Manila Bay, 277, 208; 
description and crew of, ;|08; tonnage and 
guns of, 240; position id", in Spanish line of 
battle, 280; position of, just prior to the be- 
ginning of the eng.ageinent, 21H; tirst at- 
tacked by the Ohjmp'i't^s 8-inch guns at a 
range of 5,800 yards, 428; a target for the 
(llymliin, Hultiiiiin;, and It'iliiijli. 288; 
desjierate atteni]it of, to engage at short 
range, 248; ste:iius out alone to attack the 
Oli/m/iiii, 2-'>7; raked foreand aft by an8-ineh 
shell from tile Olpn/iiti. 321. 322; i-nsign 
of, shot away, 307; set on tire by .American 
shells, and withdraws, ;|35: magazines of, 
flooded to extinguish fire, 2iH ; ordered to be 
abandiuied and sunk. 2H2: sinks near the 
bastion at Cavite, 308 rescue of crew of, 
202; casualties on, 288, 2ill. 2112. 
Ii< int' flnrfciii"', The, I-'reneh royal steam yacht, 
1.50. 

Revolutionary War 44 

Khiiid, Coininander, Dewey's immediate prede- 
cessor on the Xtirrilit'ni.<< ft, 184. 
Rice, Colonel Kdmuiid, remark of General 

Miles concerning. 85. 
Rice, an important product in the Philippines, 
.527. 

Rich, Clayton E 8B 

Kielimnnd, The, United Slates vessel 31i> 

liightmire, l-'Ieit Pay Clerk William .1.. com- 
])limentary mention of, by Captain (iridlev, 
320. 

Robert the I'ious 443 

liobinson. Ensign S. S., of the Hnfl»ii . .1(1,5 
Robion, Cajitain E., of Ihe Si«nish cruiser 
/A.H .III/-;/;.' <k I'll"", '2411. 

Rodam, Adam de 447 

family 4''<' 

Lady .loane de 447 

Rodman, Lieutenant H.. of the IliiUhjIi :ii"l 
Rogers, George ('.. of the \\'«hn>h 107 



556 



GENEKAL INDEX 



Ronililon, Island of, Philii)iiiiH'S, m:irl>li'S of, 

:,-2i. 
Rome, 443 ; United States consul at, visits the 

W/ibiish, T63. 
Roosevelt, Theodore, Assistant Seeretarv of the 

Navv, 203; caMefirani of, to l>e\vey, 204. 

Runil.audi, William JI "..... 80 

Riunivniede, (")r<ler of, eligibility of (ieoriie 

l)ewey to uienihership in, 445. 
Russi,a, ly3; .laroslaus. Grand Dnke of, 443; 

Grand Duke ("onstantiiie of, tendered a re- 

et'ption on board the M'abash at Genoa, l.")2; 

naval force of, in .\siatic waters when Com- 

nuidore l>ewey arrived there, 194. 
Rutherford, Enirineer, of the .Mit!iti.ii(ij)jji . 176 
Kyan, Passed Assistant Paymaster G. li., of the 

Concord, 306. 

s 

Salem, Mass 180 

Sampson, Mrs. William T., 395; letter of, re- 
garding presentation of a flag to Admiral 
Dewey, 398, 399. 

Sangley Point, 28.5, 3f!7 ; eqnipment of liatteries 
at, 288 ; support of Spanish squadron by l>at- 
teries at. 341 ; liattle of Manila Bay opened 
by fire from batteries at, 288, 321; batteries 
at. silenced by the Btdtiinurt, 342. 

Santo Domingo de Cavite, Convent of, refuge of 
.\diniral Montojo after the Battle of Manila 
Bay, 29.5. 

Saratof/Oj The, I'nited States a])prentice ship, 
313. 

Sardiida, 1G3 ; .\dmiral of, visits the Wnhash, 
139; minister of. visits the Wabash^ 163. 

Savijii^, The, Pnited States war vessel .... 316 

Schley. Kear-.Vdniiral W. S., remarks of, re- 
garding -\dmira] Dewey, 407, 408. 

Scott, Ensign W. P., of' the Oli/mjiin, .300; 
hiirhlv commended by Commodore Dewey, 
2.52. ' 

Scott family 4.50 

" Scoffs Infantry Tactics," 90 

Senate, The United State;;, reception by, of the 
President's message regarding the victory at 
M.'inila. 379 ; confirms the nomination of 
Dewey as .\rlmiral of the Navy, 389. 

Senter, Major .lohn 11 '. .390 

Seynumr, Brevet M ajor-General Truman, his 
services in the Mexican and Civil wars, 8.5. 

Shaw, Dr. Albert, his editorial estimate of .-Id- 
niiral Dewey, 403, 404. 

Sheldon, N. 1 86 

Sherman, General W. T., remarks of, regard- 
ing Norwich I'niversity. 80. 

Sidrach, Captain .1., of the Spanish cruiser 
Jsln rfe Cuba, 240. 

Sicbells, Assistant Paymaster G. G., of the 
Petrel, 307. 



Sierra of Mariveles, Philippine Islands .... 525 
Sigsbee, Mrs. Charles T., 395 ; letter of, re- 
garding the presentation of a flag to Ad- 
miral Dewey, 399. 

Silver, Mary 68 

Singapore, China 286 

Singer, Lieutenant-Commander Frederic, of the 
Jiohir/b, 230, 306. 

" Song, A Prophetic " 480 

Smith, Pay Inspi-etnr P. A,, of the Olympia, 
301 ; complimentary mention of, by Captain 
Gridley, :i26. 

Captain Melanethon, of the war vessel 

J/iV.'-vV'-'vv*/, 172, 176, 396 ; coolness displayed 
by, previous to abandoning his sliip, 179 ; 
remark of, to George Dewey, 179 ; with 
Dewev, the last to leave the burning vessel, 
172, 179. 
Assistant Surgeon K. K., of the Bi:lti- 



more, 302. 

Smyrna, Turkey, visited by George Dewey, 140 ; 
revisited by "him in 1886, 188. 

.Snorra Edda. ancient Saxon chronicle 442 

Spain, 195, 2011, 206 ; minister of, visits the 
Woboiib. 163 ; efl'orts of. tocounteract Maine 
incident, 195 ; war witii. 4li3, 424 ; declara- 
tion of war against, 20li-2l)S ; firm grip kept 
by, upon the I*hilipi>ines, 506 ; expeditions 
sent out by, to the i'hilippines, 5t)5 ; treat- 
ment of the Philippines by, 504. 

,Siianish-.\merican War IS, 20 

Spanish, strong position of, at the Battle of Ma- 
nila Bay, 225. 241.269: open fire from shi [is and 
forts, 269 ; ecpial to .Americans in gun jiower, 
265 ; attempts of, to employ torj)edoes, 248 ; 
destructionof torpedo I'oats (if, 2.58; explosion 
of sut>niarine mines liy. 247 ; bail judgment 
of, in exphMling mines, 219 ; bad gunnery of, 
265 ; worthlessness of war material of, 266 ; 
attempt to destroy American supply ships, 
261 ; re]>ly very slowly on second .attack of 
Conmiodore Dewey's squadron, 226; annihi- 
lation of fleet and forts of, 270 ; many in- 
stances of tlic desperate bravery of, 257, 269, 
270, 298 ; stubborn resistance of, 269, 270 ; 
haul down ensign on Cavite arsenal, 361; 
hoist white flag on Cavite arsenal, 352 ; evi- 
dent desire of, to surrender after liattle, 
356 ; estimates of the number of killed .and 
wiiunded, 251, 26.5.270,296; loss on ships 
and forts, 265, 270 ; cause of defeat of, 312, 
313; fatal delayof, 403; outclassed by .\meri- 
cans in method, training, and aim, 270. 

Spaulding, Gror'.:e. schoolmate of tienrge 
D.-wey, 78. 

Spezii, Italy. 169 ; destruction of condemned 
rations in the harbor of, lfi9. 

Squadron, The .Xmerican, description of, 299- 
307 ; table showing class, armament, and 



GENERAL INDEX 



057 



complement of, 311 ; luiiiiliiT of offio-rs ami 
men ill, 2.'iO; fleet oHicers of, .iUd ; ti^-litins; 
force of, 2l)!)-307 ; force of, us reported liy 
Arlniiriil Montojo, 288 ; nlinounceliieiit to 
nifii of, that war bad Iieeii declared aL;ainst 
Spain, '2-i2 ; entluisiasni of men at the jiros- 
pect of war, 232, 233 ; haiidlini; of, prior to 
the Battle of JIanila Bay, 211i; searehlialit and 
iiight-si<;nal exercise, 233; leaves Hon^-Koiii^ 
at the request of the Governor of that citv, 
20i;, 231 ; repairs to Ifirs Bay, 206, 231, 2oij; 
leaves AlirsBay, 231, 2oo; war preparations of, 
c« ri:iile to file Thilippines, 231, 234, 235; 
arrival of, off Bolinao, 247 ; arrives off Ma- 
nila, 247 ; enters Jlanila Bay, 26U ; descrip- 
tion of entrance of, into Manila Bay. 23iJ-238 ; 
strict lookout for enemy's ships and tor|)edo 
hoals, 238 ; manner in which the vessels of, 
moved to the attack, 21!* ; order of, dnriiii; 
the first part of the hattle, 2Iii, 247; order 
of, as reported by Admiral .Montojo. 287 ; 
perlcct torniation of, 21*7, 21)8 ; disadvantages 
of, in attacking Spanish fleet, 241, 242; tired 
upon by the batteries at Alanila, <_'avite, and 
by the Spanish fleet, 247; opens fire on S]>an- 
ish fleet, 321 ; destructive work of. 2215, 248, 
2.-i7, 270; evolutions of. 242. 247. 2.57; with- 
draws tor breakfast, 221! 248; returns to the 
attack, 2211, 248 : second attack led by the 
Bahiiiiui-e, 22(i, 2(52 ; effective work of, dur- 
int; the second attack, 22t!, 2ti2 ; surrender 
of Sjianish forces to, 227 ; comparison of, 
with Spanish fleet, 299-312; superiority of, 
over the Spanish in ships, yuns, men, and 
marksmanship, 256 ; splendid system of, 
269 ; bravery and efficiency of officers and 
men of, 2(59, 271 ; inconsiderable damage to, 
251 ; official stateiuents of commanding and 
executive officers of, 320-370 ; thanks of 
Congress to officers and men of, recommended 
by Prwident JIcKinley, 379 ; joint resolu- 
tion of Congress thanking the officers ami 
men of, 370. 

Squadron, Asiatic. See A.si.iTic SqU-Idhiln. 

Spanish, 195, 198. 204: princijial vessels 

of, at the Battle of .Manila Bay, 219 ; de- 
scription of, 308-311 ; table showing <dass 
armament and complement of, .311 ; etfi'ctivc 
force of, as reported bv .\dmiral Montojo, 
288; sighted off Cavite,' 219, 239, 330 ; jiosi- 
tion of, 269 ; supported by batteries at 
Sangley Point, 341 ; advantages over attack- 
ing fleet, 241, 242 ; line of battle of. 285. 
2S6 ; vigorous reply of, 331 ; list of vessels 
of, sunk, burned, and eajiturcd, 251 ; small 
gunlxiats of, destroyed by the J'ltrtL 251 ; 
officers and men of, highly commended by 
Admiral Montojo. 295 ; courage aiiri resolu- 
tion of. attested by Cajitain Wildes, 331 ; 



comparison of, witli American sipiadron, 
299-31.3 ; inferiority of, to attacking fleet, 
241 : ineliii'iency of vessels of, 295 ; unpro- 
tected character of vessels, 29li ; lack of all 
classes of the personnel of, 295, 29(1 ; scarcity 
of force of, 29(1 ; scarcity of rapid-fire camion 
on, 211(1. 
Statisworth. l.ieiiteiiant C. S.. of the /i'ilt!m<,re, 

3112. 
State-IIiiuse, Montpelier, Vermont, ile.scription 
of, 31, 32, 33, 35. 

Library, Montpelier, Vermont 35. .36 

Stickney, .1. l... corrcspnmlent of the New Vork 
llerulil, voUmteers as aid to Commodore 
Dewey at the Battle of .Manila Bay. 2,52; 
complimentary mention of, by Commodore 
Dewev and ( 'ajitain Uridley of the Ulymjiia, 
252, 32(1, 327. 
Stockton, Cnited States Minister to Italy, visits 
the Walmsh, 163. 

Stone, W. W 490 

.Strife, Lieutenant S. Jl., of the Oli/itipin. 300 

Stuart, Mrs. .1. !•'.. B :!95 

Sual, Philipjiine Islands 517 

Subic I'ort, Bhilijipine Islands, 278, 2.S2. 28.5, 
287 ; intended defense of. by tile Spanish. 273; 
jibin for the defense of, 278-282 ; weakness of 
the defenses of, 281, 282; reconnoitred In' 
the Bv.^ton and Co„r„nl, 235, 247. 255 ; tel.-L 
gram from, to .\diiiiral .Montojo. announc- 
ing (Commodore Dt'Wey's niovetnent.s, 28(i. 
Sugar, an important iiroduetion in the I'liilip- 



piiies. 



528. 



J.....--, 

Sultan of Turkey, invites I-'lag-Olficer Lavalette, 
of the IVdhii.th, to visit him, 144; is re- 
ceived on board the Wft/m.^li, 144. 
Sitiritntt, The, I'liited States steamer .... 317 
Syracuse. Prince of, visits the Wnljnsb .... 1153 



Talcott famiU. prominence id. in Connecticut, 

50, .53. 
Talcott. Mary, grandmother of Cicorge Dewey, 

53. 
Tappaii, Lieutenant B.. of the linl, iijli .... 3(H! 

Tarbox. Betsy 462 

Susan Kdsoii 460 

Tattnall. Coi odore .losiah 83 

Taucalao. Philippine Islands, Springs of. . . .525 
Taylor. Ensign M. .M.. of the OUjmjmi . . . . 300 
Temple of Diana at Kpliesus, visited by (leorge 
D.'wev in I8.S(i, 188. 

Thersites 15 

Thetford, Vt 8- 

Tliomas. (Jeneral Stephen, speaker at the Mont- 
pelier celebration of DeweyN victory, 391. 

riicn-, Scandinavian war god 442 

I i.onderoga, Fort. •!2, 44 ; Klhan Allen at. 36 
Timber, wealth of the Philippines in. 530, 531 



558 



GENERAL INDEX 



Toliaccn, v:ilualile returns t'rmii culture of, in the 

I'hiliijpiues, 0-28. 
Tokio, .In|)!iu, Ciiujuiodore Llewey's interview 

with tile Emperor and Empress at, 193. 

Toriu^'tou family 449 

Torpeilo liDats, Spanish, 374 ; attack the 

Oliliiqiid, -2-48, 2."i8; repulsed by the 01 pn- 

pin's secondary liattery, 321. 
Toqiedoes disre};arded Uy Dewey at the B.attle 

of Manila Bay, 2111, 220 ; secondary import- 
ance of, 2fi."). 

Tortut^as 131 

Tower, Assistant Engineer U. S. N., one of the 

bst to leave the Ijurnint; .\fi.-ssi.mp/>i, 179. 
Tozer, Naval Cadet C. M., of the Biiltimore, 

302. 

TrafalL-ar, 397 ; Lord of 16 

Treadwell, First Lieutenant of JIarines T. C, 

of the Ii<dei;ih. 306. 
Tnntim, The, United States war vessel. . 314 

Trethewy family 449 

Trieste, visiteil hy George Dewey IGO 

Turkey, Sultan of, visits the Wabash 144 

Twitchell, Charles H., Stoker on the Rahir/h, 

remarks of, on work helow deck, 370-374. 

u 

Ulloa 28.^ 

Umfraville, Lady Agnes d' 447 

Lady Alansee d' 447 

family 449 

Gilhert, Baron d' 447 

Lady -loane d' 447 

Robert d' 447 

Sir Thomas d' 447 

United States, 1!I3; deprndmcc of, npr.n the 

Navy, 10. 
Naval Aiadcniy. Sec Xav.\l 

Academy. 
Navy, training of officers in. 108 

V 

Valetta, City of, JIaltesc group, visited by 
Georire I)ewey, 148. 

Valois, Count of" 444 

Valifuoc'o, Bandmaster, of the Olympia . . . 232 

Vancouver's Island 317 

Vnmhilin, Cnited States war vessel 313 

Vandirhilt, Cuited States transport 317 

Veimard, .lohn L., remarks of, regarding 

Dewey, 4!17, 498. 
Vfhiscn, The, Spanish cruiser, 241, 280; de- 

scrijition a>ul crew of, 309. 
Vermanrlois, .Ml.ert L, Count de 444, 440 

Herbert L, Count de 440 

Herbert II., Count de 440 

Herbert III., Count de 440 

H.Tbert IV., Count de 440 



Vernuinrlois. Lady Isabel de 444, 446 

( Itho, I ount de 440 

I'epin, ( ount de 440 

Vermont, State of, 402 : motto of, engraved on 
Dewey's sword, 385; University of, 47; 
homes of, 40 ; display of products in marble 
and granite of. 3.') ; resolutions of the legisla- 
ture »»f, congratulating Admiral I>ewey, his 
otiicers and men, on the victory at Manila 
Bay, 392. 
State Historical Society, exhibits of, 

Victor Emanuel, saluted by the Wabash.. 1.56 
Villnla/ios, The, Spanish gunlioat, description 
and crew of, 310. 

Visays, The 518 

Vothinn, King of the West Saxons 442 

w 

Wabash, The, United States steam frigate, 
cruise of, in the Mediterranean, 128-170; 
tabulated statement of routine work on, dur- 
ing Dewey's first cruise, 127 ; exchanges 
salntafions with the I'nited .States slooj>-of- 
war Mfu'tdanian, 139; visited by the Sar- 
dinian admiral, 139 ; salutes the Turkish 
flag off Milo, 140; visited by the Admiral of 
the Erench navy, 144 ; visited by the United 
States Minister to Turkey, 144; visited by 
the .Sultan of Turkey and high otticials, 144; 
in collision with Austrian bark at Alex- 
andriaj' 148 ; touches at Spezia and returns 
to (ienoa, 152; salutes Prince Napoleon and 
Victor EiTiamitd, 155, 150; visited at Civita 
Vccchia by United .States .Minister Stockton 
and the United States Consul at Home, 103 ; 
visited bv the Prince of Syracuse and the 
Spanish, Prussian, and Sardinian ministers, 
163 ; destruction of condemned rations on, 
104; celebrates the eighty-third anniversary 
of till' iuilependence of the United States, 
104 ; reachi'S home after an eighteen-months' 
cruise, 108 ; inspection of the vessel and crew 
bv I'nited States otticials, 108. 

Walker, Commander Asa, of the ( 'on cocrf, 229, 
300 ; biogra]phical sketch of, 318, 319 ; official 
report of, regarding the Cimcui-d's share in 
the Battle of JIanila Bay, 302, 360; high 
praise for his officers and men, 'M\'). 

l{ear-.\dmiral, remarks of, regarding 

Admiral Dewey, 400, 407. 

Waller, .Vcting (iunner L. .L, of the Baliimare, 
302. 

War. now carried on at sea, 16 ; dependence 
upon navies in, 16, 17; of the Uevolutiou, 
44; of 1812, 44; with Mexico, 80. 84, 85; 
the Civil, 84, 85, 170; Spanish-American, 
19, 21. 



RD-232 



GENERAL INDEX 



559 



War sliip, ardiioiis task of stokers on, ^iTO- 
37 -l'; ti-nipi-nituri- of, Iji-low ik-tk, 373, 374 ; 
stokers overcome liy heat on. 374. 
War witli .Sj)aiM, I'resident Mrlvijiley's procla- 
mation of, :i(«l--J(IS. 

Ward, Captain .Jann-s II 84 

Wariiam, Kevereiul .lolin. 44,4.^)4 

Wasliingtoii, Geor;;e, 170, 401 ; celeliration of 
l.irtlidav of, on hoard tlie II'"6".-A (lSo',1), 
15i;. 

Watson, Kear-Admiral Jolin C 4fl0, 4:i'2 

n7fweA».'-v//, The, United .States w.ar vessel. 317 
Wehster, Daniel, remark of, reyarding Dart- 
mouth College, 80. 

West Gulf squadron 171, 31.5, 317 

Indies 317 

Westphalia, Duke of : 442 

West Point, X. Y 77, ll."i 

WetteusoU, Naval Cadet I. Z., of the B'llti- 
mnn. 3I>-J. 

White Mountains, The 32 

White, William H., apjjrentiee, ofimmended hy 
Lieutenant-( 'onimnnder Xori'is of tlie Bn^tmi, 
338. 
Wildes, (/aptain Frank, of the BnMmi, 22!i, 
30.5 ; hiographieal sketch of, 317, 318 ; vol- 
unteer.s to remain with Dewey after his 
relief had arrived, 2.51, 2.52; coolness of, .at 
the Battle of Manila Bay. 2(11, 318: official 
rei)ort of, regarding the BoMnif.^ share in 
the engagement, 330, 331. 
M'ildnian, I'nited States ('onsul at Hojig-KoUL', 
H»U, 200 ; advice of, regarding the return 
of Aguinaldo to the Philippines, 200. 
Willard, Mrs., school of, attended hy George 
Dewey's mother, 53. 

M'illiam of Normandy 444 

Williams, United States Consul at Manila. 2l)li, 
212; leaves .Maidla and joins Connnodole 
Dewey at Mirs Bay, 208 ; views first engage- 
ment of the Buttle of Jlanila Bay from the 
hridge of the B'llliinore, 272; views the 
second engagement from the flagship Ifhim- 
I'in. 272 : his acconnt of the l.attle, 2(i(i. 272 ; 
views of, on the climate of the Philippines, 
532, 533 [fuutnott). 



Williams, First Lieutoiant of Marines D., of 
the /iiilliwore, 302. 

Brigadier-General Seth. Iiis services in 

the Mexican and Civil wars, 8.5. 

Williston, Brigadier-General F. B 85 

Wiuilu'StiT, Earl of 445, 44G 

l.'o'.'cr. second Earl of 447 

Wiiuler, Lieutenant W., of the Jiithii/li.. . 300 

Windsor, Conn 455 

Wing, Ex-.Mayor George W., speaker at the 
Montpelier celeliration of Dewey's victory, 
.301. 

Winooski Kiver 21, 22, 31, 32, 35, 38, Gl 

Valley, soil and ])roducts of 38 

Wood, Louis, schoolnutte of George Dewey, ti8 ; 
anecdote of, regarding him, fJ8, 71. 

Lieutenant, of the M'dbusli 130 

Woods, Counnauder ]•',. P., of the Petrel, 2211; 
hiograpliical sketcli of, 319 ; fearless handling 
of his vessel at the Battle of i^Ianila Bay, 
2112 ; official re])orts of, regarding the 757- 
rel't! sluire in tile engagement. 348, 302 ; com- 
pletes the destruction of the snuiUer Spanish 
gunhoats, 251. 

Woodward, .lohn 45G 

Wright, .I.E.. sclioolmate of George Dewey. G8 
Wurtsl.augh, Naval Ca.let D.AV., of the' Ball'i- 

mi./T, 302. 
]V>/>>niiiir/,Thv, United States steam sloop 317 



15i»^'r, The, United States war vessel ... . 318 

Yenians, Prudence 448, 4.50 

Yokohauni, Japan, 203, 411 ; visit of Dewey to, 
103 ; arrival of Dewey at, to take connnand 
of the Asiatic squadron, 414. 
}5ir/.i'f(«-«, The, United States war vessel. 318 



Ziijln:, The, merchant steamer, bought hy Com- 
modore Dewey for his squadron, 205. 230; 
jiosition of, durini.' the Baltic of Manila 
Piav, 287; cuts the ealde from Manila to 
II.miVk.mi-. 244. 

Zamlioajma. Philippine Islands 517 







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